Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology

The Networking Department

Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

Tutorial (5) solution

Problem 1:
In the cellular network shown below.
a. For a reuse factor of 13, mark the cell that would use the same set of frequencies as the cell
marked in black.
N = 13 = 𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝒋 + 𝒋𝟐 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊 > 𝒋
𝒊 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒋 = 𝟏
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

b. When a sectoring of 120˚ is used. Find the minimum reuse factor that would provide a carrier
to interference ratio that is larger than or equal to the carrier to interference ratio provider
without sectoring (for a reuse factor of 13)
Assuming that:
𝐶⁄ = 3𝑁⁄ Where 𝐶⁄ the carrier to interference ratio, N is is the reuse factor and n is the
𝐼 𝑛 𝐼
number of co-channel interferences

𝑪 𝑪
[ ] ≤[ ]
𝑰 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑰 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝟑𝑵 𝟑𝑵′
[ ] ≤[ ′ ]
𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝟑𝟔𝟎˚
Where N = 13 and n = =𝟔
𝟔𝟎˚
𝟑(𝟏𝟑) 𝟑𝑵′
[ ] ≤[ ′ ]
𝟔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝟏𝟑 𝑵′
= 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 ≤ ′
𝟔 𝒏

Trial and error

i j N = 𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝒋 + 𝒋𝟐 Comments
0 0 𝟎𝟐 + (𝟎 × 𝟎) + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟎 No cells → rejected
1 cell per cluster →
1 0 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏 × 𝟎) + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏
interference 100%
3 cells per cluster →
1 1 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏 × 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑
𝑵′ = 𝟑

𝑵′ = 𝟑
𝒏′ = 𝟑
𝟑
𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 ≤ 𝟑 = 1
rejected

4 cells per cluster →

2 0 𝟐𝟐 + (𝟐 × 𝟎) + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟒
𝑵′ = 𝟒
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

𝑵′ = 𝟒
𝒏′ = 𝟐
𝟒
𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 ≤ 𝟐 = 2
rejected

7 cells per cluster →

2 1 𝟐𝟐 + (𝟐 × 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟕
𝑵′ = 𝟕

𝑵′ = 𝟕
𝒏′ = 𝟐
𝟕
𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 ≤ 𝟐 = 3.5
ACCEPTED

∴ 𝑵′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟕
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

Problem 2:
A new service provider acquired the license to provide full duplex voice communication using GSM
technology in certain city. The city has an area of 450 Km2 and each cell has radius of 1.5 Km. the
license allowed the provider to use a bandwidth of 25 MHz. In GSM systems each channel has a
bandwidth of 200 KHz and supports 8 time slots. Each subscriber full duplex voice call requires 2
of these time slots. In such systems it can be assumed that the carrier to interference ratio 𝐶⁄𝐼 = 3𝑁⁄𝑛
where N is the reuse factor and n is the number of co-channel interferences. To satisfy the system
carrier to interference requirements the service provided decided to use Omni directional antennas
(no sectoring) and a reuse pattern of 13.

For this network calculate:

a. The number of cells required to cover this city.
√𝟑
Area of hexagon = 𝟑 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔𝟐
𝟐
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑲
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 = = = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟗 ≅ 𝟕𝟕 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 (𝒉𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒏) √𝟑
𝟑 𝟐 (𝟏. 𝟓 𝑲) 𝟐

𝒘𝒆 𝒂𝒍𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒇 𝒘𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆
𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒂 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓

b. Calculate the simultaneous subscriber calls that can be supported by each cell.
All users will make the call at the same time so each user will need a trunk which is 2
slots out of 8 slots 2 slots (channels) after TDM (time division multiplexing)
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒃/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝟐𝟓 𝑴
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 = = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔
𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲

𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟖
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = 𝟏𝟑
× 𝟐
= 𝟑𝟖. 𝟒 ≅ 𝟑𝟖 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 round down

c. Assuming that each subscriber generates an average of 10 calls per day while the average
call duration is 1 min. calculate the offered load for each subscriber.
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 𝝀 × 𝑬[𝒕] = ×𝟏= 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈
𝟐𝟒 × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟒𝟒

d. Assuming that users are uniformly distributed across the cells and the offered load calculated
in part c , calculate the total number of subscribers that can be supported in this city given
that blocking probability is 2%.
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 =
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

𝟏
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒄
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑩 𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆: # 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔 = 𝟑𝟖
𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝟐% = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟏𝟕
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝟐𝟗.𝟏𝟕
# 𝒐𝒇𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = = ⁄ = 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟖 ≅ 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 round
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝟏 𝟏𝟒𝟒
down
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
= 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎 × 𝟕𝟕 = 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

e. If the service provider uses a 120˚ sectoring and adjusts the reuse factor such as to ensure the
satisfaction of the system 𝐶⁄𝐼 requirements, what would be the maximum number of
subscribers in the city
Hint: you can use the cellular network below to find the number of co-channel interferers.
𝟑𝟔𝟎˚
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 = = 𝟑 sectors/cell
𝟏𝟐𝟎˚

Same as Problem 1.b

∴ 𝑵′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏′ = 𝟑

𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟖
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = × = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒 ≅ 𝟕𝟏 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
𝟕 𝟐
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 =
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓
𝟏
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒄
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑩 𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆: # 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔 = 𝟕𝟏 → #𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔/𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟕𝟏⁄𝟑 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕 ≅ 𝟐𝟑 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏
𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝟐% = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟕𝟔 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒂 𝟏𝟓.𝟕𝟔×𝟑 𝟒𝟕.𝟐𝟖
#𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = 𝒂 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒂× # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 = 𝟏⁄𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟏⁄𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟐 ≅
𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓
𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟖 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
= 𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟖 × 𝟕𝟕 = 𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy
Problem 3:
A new mobile network provider acquired the license to provide full duplex voice communication
using GSM technology in certain city. The area of the city is equal to 450 Km2. The mobile
network provider is interested to provide service to 1 million subscribers. Subscribers in this city
make an average of 10 calls per day and the average call duration is 1 minute. The service
provider is interested to provide the subscribers with a quality of service that guarantees a call drop
probability equal to 0.001. In GSM systems each channel has a bandwidth of 200 KHz and
supports 8 time slots. Each subscriber full duplex voice call requires 2 of these time slots. The
minimum carrier to interference ratio 𝑪⁄𝑰 needed to correctly provide the service is equal to
6.25. The technology used allows a maximum 25 channels to be used per cell. In such systems it
can assumed that the carrier to interference ratio 𝐶⁄𝐼 = 3𝑁⁄𝑛 N is the reuse factor and n is the number
of co-channel .

For this network calculate:

a. The Erlang per user.
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 𝝀 × 𝑬[𝒕] = ×𝟏= 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈
𝟐𝟒 × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟒𝟒

b. The minimum reuse factor without the use of any sectoring.

𝟑𝑵
≤ 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓
𝒏
Where n = 6 without sectoring
𝟑𝑵 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟔
= 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 → 𝑵 = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 ≅ 𝟏𝟑 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒑
𝟔 𝟑

c. The minimum number of cells in the system without the use of any sectoring.
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔
∴ 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
Where 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏)
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 =
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓
𝟏
𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 𝑬𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒂
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑩 𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝟖
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆: # 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔 = #𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × = 𝟐𝟓 ×
𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒔/𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟐𝟒
𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝟕𝟓.𝟐𝟒
# 𝒐𝒇𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = 𝒂 = 𝟏⁄𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟒. 𝟑 ≅ 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟒 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓
round down
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟕
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟒
≅ 𝟗𝟐 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒑

d. Calculate the minimum bandwidth that the service provider needs to buy assuming that the
service provider can use no sectoring at all, 60˚or 120˚ sectoring.
 No sectoring
Where N = 13 and n = 6
𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 =
𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍

𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 × 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍

Where:
 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝑯𝒛
 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑 =
325

𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 × 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑲 × 𝟑𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟓 𝑴𝑯𝒛

 60º sectoring
Where the minimum carrier to interference ratio 𝑪⁄𝑰 needed to correctly provide the service is
equal to 6.25.
𝟑(𝑵)
[ ] ≥ 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓
𝒏 𝟔𝟎º 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
Trial and error
i j N = 𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝒋 + 𝒋𝟐 Comments
3 cells per cluster →
1 1 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏 × 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑 ′
𝑵 = 𝟑

𝑵′ = 𝟑
𝒏′ = 𝟐
𝟑×𝟑
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝟐 = 4.5
Rejected
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

4 cells per cluster →

2 0 22 + (2 × 0) + 02 = 4
𝑁′ = 4

𝑵′ = 𝟒
𝒏′ = 𝟏
𝟒 ×𝟑
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝟏 = 12
ACCEPTED

∴ 𝑵′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏

Where:
 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝑯𝒛
 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟒 = 100

𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 × 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑲 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑯𝒛

 120º sectoring
Where the minimum carrier to interference ratio 𝑪⁄𝑰 needed to correctly provide the service is
equal to 6.25.
𝟑(𝑵)
[ ] ≥ 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓
𝒏 𝟔𝟎º 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

Trial and error

i j N = 𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝒋 + 𝒋𝟐 Comments
3 cells per cluster →
1 1 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏 × 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑
𝑵′ = 𝟑

𝑵′ = 𝟑
𝒏′ = 𝟑
𝟑×𝟑
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝟑 = 3
rejected

4 cells per cluster →

2 0 𝟐𝟐 + (𝟐 × 𝟎) + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟒
𝑵′ = 𝟒

𝑵′ = 𝟒
𝒏′ = 𝟐
𝟑×𝟒
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ =6
𝟐
rejected

7 cells per cluster →

2 1 𝟐𝟐 + (𝟐 × 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟕
𝑵′ = 𝟕
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Networking Department
Course: Transmission & Switching [NETW 601]
Dr. Mohamed Ashour
Eng. Hadil Hesham
Eng. Mariham Wasfy

𝑵′ = 𝟕
𝒏′ = 𝟐
𝟑×𝟕
𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 ≤ = 10.5
𝟐
ACCEPTED

∴ 𝑵′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏′ 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐

Where:
 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝑯𝒛
 # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 × # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟕 = 175

𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 × 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑲 × 𝟏𝟕𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑯𝒛

Note:
 If the total bandwidth was given in the question you have to calculate the # of
channels/cell
𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 𝑩𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = =
𝑵 (# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔/𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓) 𝑩𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 × 𝑵
And compare with the # of channels/cell GIVEN in the question and take the SMALLEST

 If the question asks for the number of base station so it will be equal to number of
clusters in the system
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 = # 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 = 𝑹𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒑
𝑵