Set 5
Set 5
Set 5
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 5
General Instructions:
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D
contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of
question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to
Section A
1. In the circuit shown, the current through the ideal diode is: [1]
a) 100 mA b) 20 mA
c) 25 mA d) 75 mA
4. A bar-magnet of the pole-strength 2 Amp-m is kept in a magnetic field of induction 4 × 10-5 Wb/m2 such that [1]
the axis of the magnet makes an angle 30° with the direction of the field. If the couple acting on the magnet is
Page 1 of 18
found to be 80 × 10-7 Nm, then the distance between the poles of the magnet is:
a) 20 cm b) 4 m
c) 2 m d) 8 m
5. A proton is about 1840 times heavier than an electron. When it is accelerated by a potential difference of 1 kV, [1]
its kinetic energy will be:
a) e (v x By
^
− vy Bx ) k b) ^
−e ( vx By − vy Bx ) k
c) −e (v x By
^
+ vy Bx ) k d) ^
e ( vx By + vy Bx ) k
7. There are two coils A and B as shown in the figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A is moved [1]
towards B and stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counter clockwise. B is kept stationary when A
moves. We can infer that
8. A bar magnet having a magnetic moment of 2 × 104 JT-1 is free to rotate in a horizontal plane. A horizontal [1]
magnetic field B = 6 × 10-4 T exists in the space. The work done in taking the magnet slowly from a direction
parallel to the field to a direction 60° from the field is
a) 0.6 J b) 12 J
c) 2 J d) 6 J
9. Phase difference between any two points of a wavefront is [1]
a) π b) 0
c) π
4
d) π
10. When 1019 electrons are removed from a neutral metal plate, the electric charge on it is [1]
a) -1.6 C b) 10+19 C
c) +1.6 C d) 10-19 C
11. In the energy band diagram of a material as given below, the open circles and filled circles denote holes and [1]
electrons respectively. The material is a/an
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a) insulator b) metal
a) 4f b) f
c) 2f d) 3f
13. Assertion (A): When ultraviolet light is incident on a photocell, its stopping potential is V0 and the maximum [1]
kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is Kmax. When the ultraviolet light is replaced by X-rays, both V0 and
Kmax. increase.
Reason (R): Photoelectrons are emitted with speeds ranging from zero to a maximum value because of the
range of frequencies present in the incident light.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
explanation of A correct explanation of A
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
Page 3 of 18
17. Compare the following: [2]
i. Wavelengths of the incident solar radiation absorbed by the earth's surface and the radiation re-radiated by
the earth.
ii. Tanning effect produced on the skin by UV incident directly on the skin and that coming through glass
window.
18. A sample of paramagnetic salt contains 2.0 × 1024 atomic dipoles each of dipole moment 1.5 × 10-23 JT-1. The [2]
sample is placed under homogeneous magnetic field of 0.84 T and cooled to the temperature of 4.2 K. The
degree of magnetic saturation achieved is equal to 15%. What is the total dipole moment of the sample for a
magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of 2.8 K (assume Curie's law)?
19. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Although in an extrinsic semiconductor ne ≠ nh, yet [2]
it is electrically neutral. Why?
20. Explain why the spectrum of hydrogen atom has many lines, although a hydrogen atom contains only one [2]
electron.
21. Answer the following: [2]
a. Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a toroid, but not within a straight solenoid.
Why?
b. Does a bar magnet exert a torque on itself due to its own field? Justify your answer.
c. When an electron revolves around a nucleus, obtain the expression for the magnetic moment associated with
it.
OR
a. It is not advisable to use a galvanometer as such to measure current directly. Why?
b. Why should the value of resistance connected in parallel to a galvanometer be low?
c. Is the reading shown by an ammeter in a circuit less than or more than the actual value of current flowing in the
circuit? Why?
Section C
22. a. Write the relationship between mobility and drift velocity in a current carrying conductor. [3]
b. Two aluminium wires have their lengths in the ratio 2 : 3 and radii in the ratio 1 : 3. These are connected in
parallel across a battery of emf E and of negligible internal resistance. Find the ratio of drift velocities of the
electrons in the two wires.
23. The following figure shows the V-I characteristics of a semiconductor diode. [3]
i. Identify the semiconductor diode used.
ii. Draw the circuit diagram to obtain the given characteristics of this device.
iii. Briefly explain how this diode can be used as a voltage regulator.
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24. Write the basic features of the photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein's photoelectric [3]
equation is based.
25. Calculate and compare the energy released by [3]
a. fusion of 1.0 kg of hydrogen deep within Sun and
b. the fission of 1.0 kg of 235U in a fission reactor.
26. An electron in a hydrogen atom makes transitions from orbits of higher energies to orbits of lower energies. [3]
a. When will such transitions result in (a) Lyman (b) Balmer series?
b. Find the ratio of the longest wavelength in Lyman series to the shortest wavelength in Balmer series.
27. In a single slit diffraction experiment, a slit of width d is illuminated by red light of wavelength 650 nm. For [3]
what value of d will
i. the first minimum fall is at an angle of diffraction of 30°and
ii. the first maximum fall is at an angle of diffraction of 30°?
28. A coil of cross-sectional area A lies in a uniform magnetic field B with its plane perpendicular to the field. In [3]
this position the normal to the coil makes an angle of 0° with the field. The coil rotates at a uniform rate to
complete one rotation in time T. Find the average induced emf in the coil during the interval when the coil
rotates:
i. from 0° to 90°position
ii. from 90° to 180° position
iii. from 180° to 270° and
iv. from 270° to 360°
OR
Figure shows a metallic rod PQ of length l, resting on the smooth horizontal rails AB positioned between the poles of
a permanent magnet. The rails, the rod, and the magnetic field are in three mutually perpendicular directions. A
galvanometer G connects the rails through a switch K. Assume the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the resistance
of the closed-loop containing the rod is R.
i. Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the direction shown. Find the polarity and magnitude of
induced emf.
ii. With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons in the rod PQ even though they
do experience a magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
iii. What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of being
perpendicular?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
An electromagnetic wave transports linear momentum as it travels through space. If an electromagnetic wave
transfers a total energy U to a surface in time t, then total linear momentum delivered to the surface is p = .
U
When an electromagnetic wave falls on a surface, it exerts pressure on the surface. In 1903, the American
scientists Nichols and Hull succeeded in measuring radiation pressures of visible light where other had failed, by
making a detailed empirical analysis of the ubiquitous gas heating and ballistic effects.
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(a) The pressure exerted by an electromagnetic wave of intensity I(W m-2) on a non-reflecting surface is ( c is
the velocity of light)
a) I
c
b) I
2
c
c) Ic2 d) Ic
(b) Light with an energy flux of 18 W/cm2 falls on a non-reflecting surface at normal incidence. The pressure
exerted on the surface is:
(c) Radiation of intensity 0.5 W m-2 are striking a metal plate. The pressure on the plate is
OR
The radiation pressure of the visible light is of the order of
c) 10-8 N d) 10-2 N m2
(d) A point source of electromagnetic radiation has an average power output of 1500 W. The maximum value
a) 500 b)
500
c) d) 100
250
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and opposite forces,
which cancel each other and hence net force on electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero. However these
forces are not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on the dipole. Since net force on electric dipole in
uniform electric field is zero. so no work is done in moving the electric dipole in uniform electric field. However
some work is done in rotating the dipole against the torque acting on it.
(a) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field E⃗ is P ⃗. Then the torque τ ⃗ acting on the dipole
is
a) τ ⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
2( P + E ) b) ⃗
τ⃗ = P ⋅E
⃗
c) τ ⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
(P + E ) d) ⃗
τ⃗ = P × E
⃗
(b) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0 μ C separated by a distance of
2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 105 NC-1. The maximum torque on the dipole is
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a) 4 × 10-3 Nm b) 2 × 10-3 Nm
a) 0o b) 90o
(d) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net force F and torque τ on the
dipole are
a) F = 0, τ = 0 b) F ≠ 0, τ ≠ 0
c) F ≠ 0, τ = 0 d) F = 0, τ ≠ 0
OR
An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The dipole acquires a position
such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle θ with the direction of the field. Assuming that the
potential energy of the dipole to be zero when θ = 90o, the torque and the potential energy of the dipole
will respectively be
32. Two charged conducting spheres of radii a and b are connected to each other by a wire. What is the ratio of [5]
electric fields at the surfaces of the two spheres? Use the result obtained to explain why charge density on the
sharp and pointed ends of a conductor is higher than on its flatter portions.
OR
Two parallel metal plates P and Q are inserted at equal distances into a plane capacitor as shown in fig. Plates A and
B of the capacitor are connected to a battery of e.m.f. V.
Page 7 of 18
a. What are the potentials of the four plates?
b. How will the potentials of plates P and Q and the intensities of the fields in each of the three spaces change after
plates P and Q have been connected by a wire?
c. What will happen to the charges on plates A and B, when plates P and Q are connected with a wire?
d. Will there be charges on the plates P and Q after connecting them with a wire?
33. i. An alternating voltage V = Vm sin ωt applied to a series L-C-R circuit derives a current given by [5]
I = Im sin(ωt + ϕ). Deduce an expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.
ii. For circuit used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in transmission.
Explain.
OR
a. Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with the frequency of the
applied ac source.
b. Draw the phasor diagram for a series RC circuit connected to an ac source.
c. An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25 A flows, which lag behind the
applied voltage in phase by π
2
radian. If the same voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current
flows but now it is in phase with the applied voltage.
i. Name the devices X and Y.
ii. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series combination of
X and Y.
Page 8 of 18
Solution
Section A
1.
(c) 25 mA
Explanation: The given diode is ideal and forward-biased so there is short circuit. No current flow through the 20 Ω and
2V
whole current flow through the short circuit. The current flow through the circuit is, I = = 25 mA
80Ω
2.
(b) Mobility
Explanation: The charge carrier in most metals is the negatively charged electron. The mobility of the charge carrier is defined
as the drift velocity of the charge carrier per unit electric field. It is denoted by μ andμ = v d /E is given as. The Sl unit of μ is
m2V-1s-1.
3.
(d) red colour.
Explanation: For a glass prism, the angle of minimum deviation will be smallest for the light of red color.
1
As wavelength of red color is maximum among all, hence, μ∝
λ
, hence μis smaller. As μ decreases, angle of deviation
decreases.
4. (a) 20 cm
Explanation: τ = qm × 2l × B sin θ
∴ 2l =
τ
q ×B sin θ
m
−7
= 80×10
−5 ∘
= 0.20 m = 20 cm
2×4× 10 ×sin 30
5.
(c) 1 keV
Explanation: K.E. gained = qV = e × 1 kV = 1 keV
6.
(d) e (v x By
^
+ vy Bx ) k
Explanation: e (v B + v B x y y x)
^
k
9.
(b) 0
Explanation: Wavefront is the locus of all points those are in same phase.
10.
(c) +1.6 C
Explanation: q = ne = 1019 × 1.6 × 10-19 C = +1.6 C
11.
(c) p-type semiconductor
Explanation: One can see in the figure that number of holes are greater than number of electrons. Hence it is p−type semi
conductor.
Page 9 of 18
12. (a) 4f
Explanation: 4f
13.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: We know that
eV0=Kmax=hv−ϕ
where ϕ is the work function.
Hence, as v increases (note that the frequency of X-rays is greater than that of U.V. rays), both V0and Kmax increase.
So, A is true but R is false.
14.
(d) A is false and R is also false
Explanation: A is false and R is also false
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction are consequences of the conservation of energy. It involves only the
transformation of energy into electrical energy. In a purely resistive circuit, current and voltage are in the same phase.
Section B
17. i. Radiation re-radiated by earth has greater wavelength
ii. Tanning effect is significant for direct UV radiation due to high intensity ; but it is negligible for radiation coming through the
glass.
18. Dipole moment of each atomic dipole,
m = 1.5 × 10-23 JT-1
Total number of atomic dipoles, N = 2.0 × 1024
Initial total magnetic moment at temperature T1 = 4.2 K is
M1 = 15% of mN
= 15
100
× 1.5 × 10
−23
× 2.0 × 10
24
JT-1 = 4.5 JT-1
According to Curie's law,
M = Constant × B
T
M2 B2 T1
∴ = ×
M1 B1 T2
2.8
JT
−1
= 7.9 JT-1
19. Intrinsic semiconductors: are pure semiconductors while extrinsic semiconductors are doped with either trivalent or pentavalent
impurities.
Extrinsic semiconductor: maintains an overall charge neutrality as the charge of additional charge carriers is just equal and
opposite to that of the ionised cores in the lattice.
20. A source of hydrogen spectrum has billions of hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has many stationary states. All possible
transitions can occur from any higher level to any lower level. This gives rise to a large number of spectral lines.
21. a. If field lines were extremely confined between two ends of a straight solenoid, the flux through the cross section at each end
would be non zero. But the flux of field B through any closed surface must always be zero, For a toroid this difficulty is
absent.
b. No, there is no force on torque on an element due to the field produced by that element itself.
e 2πr
c. I = T
,T =
v
ev 2 evr
I = , μ = I πr =
2πr 2
Page 10 of 18
OR
a. It will not measure accurate value of current because its high resistance will affect the current in the circuit.
b. To reduce the galvanometer resistance a small resistance is connected in parallel.
c. It is less than the actual value of current because it has some resistance which consume some energy and hence the reading
shown by an ammeter in a circuit less than the actual value of current flowing in the circuit.
Section C
Vd
22. a. μ = E
b. Vd = eτE
m
=
eτV
ml
Vd1 l2 3
= =
Vd2 l1 2
Hence, the ratio of drift velocities of the electrons in the two wires is 3:2
23. i. The semiconductor diode whose V-I characteristic is shown in figure is Zener diode.
ii. Circuit diagram to obtain the given characteristic is shown in figure.
iii. The circuit of Zener diode used as voltage regulator is shown in figure.
The unregulated dc voltage (filtered output of a rectifier) is connected to the Zener diode through a series resistance Rs such
that the Zener diode is reverse biased.
If the input voltage increases, the current through Rs and Zener diode also increases. This increases the voltage drop across Rs
without any change in the voltage across the Zener diode. This is because in the breakdown region, Zener voltage remains
constant even though the current through the Zener diode changes. Similarly, if the input voltage decreases, the current
through Rs and Zener diode also decreases. The voltage drop across Rs decreases without any change in the voltage across the
Zener diode. Thus any increase/decrease in the input voltage results in, increase/decrease of the voltage drop across Rs without
any change in voltage across the Zener diode. Thus the Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
24. The basic features of the photon picture of e.m. radiation are as follows:
i. Light is composed of discrete packets of energy called quanta or photons.
ii. Each photon carries an energy E (= hν ) and momentum p (= h / λ ), which depend on the frequency ν of the incident
radiation and not on its intensity.
iii. During the collision of a photon with an electron, the total energy of the photon gets absorbed by the electron.
iv. Photoelectric emission from the metal surface occurs due to the absorption of a photon by an electron.
25. a. Mass of hydrogen, m = 1kg = 1000 g
Since 1 mole of hydrogen contains 6.023 × 1023 atoms which are equivalent to 1g of hydrogen then, 1kg of hydrogen
contains,
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N = 6.023 × 1023 × 1000 = 6.023 × 1026 atoms
In sun, 4 hydrogen atoms, H combine to form one helium atom,
1
1
4
2
He in fusion process which releases 26 MeV of energy.
Thus,
The energy released from the fusion of 1kg of hydrogen is,
23
E =
N
4
× 26 =
6.023×10
4
× 26 × 10 MeV
3
...(1)
39.1495 × 1026 MeV
26
156.598×10
= 4
MeV =
235
× 6.023 × 1023 = 25.63 × 1023
During fission reaction of 1 atom of 235
92
U releases 200 MeV of energy.
Thus,
The energy released from fission of 1kg of Uranium is,
E = N × 200 = 25.63 × 1023 × 200 MeV = 5.106 × 1026 MeV ...(2)
Divide (1) by (2) we get,
26
39.1495×10
x = = 7.67 ≈ 8
26
5.106×10
Hence, the energy released in fusion is 8 times the energy released in fission.
26. a. Transition result in Lyman series if electron will jump from a higher energy orbit to n = 1 orbit
Transition result in Balmer series if electron will jump from a higher energy orbit to n = 2 orbit
λ2 4 R 1
Ratio λS
=
3R
×
4
=
3
27. i. In single slit diffraction pattern, first minimum occurs at d sin θ = λ [θ and λ are diffraction angle and wavelength of the light
used]
∴ Slit width, d = ....(a) λ
sin θ
Given, λ = 650 × 10 −9
m and θ = 30
∘
−9
650×10 650
Now from equation (a) we get slit width, d = sin 30
∘ =
(1/2)
× 10
−9
= 1300 × 10
−9
m
−6
∴ d = 1.3 × 10 m = 1.3 μm
Page 12 of 18
ii. In single slit diffraction pattern, maximum and minima occurs as per the below diagram -
where, θ = 30 ∘
, λ = 650 × 10
−9
m
3λ
∴ d =
2 sin θ
−9
3×650×10
= ∘
2×sin 30
−9
= 1950 × 10 m
−6
∴ d = 1.95 × 10 m = 1.95 μm
4
0+BA 4BA
∴ ε= − = −
T /4 T
4
BA−0 4BA
∴ ε= − = −
T /4 T
As the sense of the induced emf in the second half rotation is opposite to that in the first half rotation, the induced current will
change its direction after first-half rotation.
OR
i. e = Bvl
P is a positive end
Q is a negative end
ii. Magnetic force is cancelled by the electric force set-up due to the excess charge of opposite nature at both ends of the rod.
There is no net force on the electrons in rod PQ when key K is open and the rod is moving uniformly. This is because the
magnetic force is cancelled by the electric force set-up due to the excess charge of opposite nature at both ends of the rods.
iii. Induced emf is zero as a motion of rod not cutting field lines.
In this case, no emf is induced in the coil because the motion of the rod does not cut across the field lines. Or when the
permanent magnet is rotated in vertical position the field becomes parallel to rails. The motion of the rod will not cut across
the lines of the field. so no emf is produced.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An electromagnetic wave transports linear momentum as it travels through space. If an electromagnetic wave transfers a total
energy U to a surface in time t, then total linear momentum delivered to the surface is p = . When an electromagnetic wave falls
U
on a surface, it exerts pressure on the surface. In 1903, the American scientists Nichols and Hull succeeded in measuring radiation
Page 13 of 18
pressures of visible light where other had failed, by making a detailed empirical analysis of the ubiquitous gas heating and ballistic
effects.
(i) (a) I
4 2
10-4 N/m2
18× 10 W/m
= 8
=6×
3× 10 m/s
c
=
0.5
8
= 0.166 × 10-8 N m-2
3×10
OR
2
Vav =
1
2
ε0 E
0
2
× c
4πR
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ E0 = √
P
2
=√ 2
1500
−12 8
2π R ε0 c 2×3.14(3) ×8.85× 10 ×3× 10
(i) (d) τ ⃗ = P ⃗ × E⃗
Explanation: As τ = either force × perpendicular distance between the two forces
= qaE sin θ or τ = PE sin θ
or P ⃗ × E⃗ (∵ qa = P)
(ii) (b) 2 × 10-3 Nm
Explanation: The maximum torque on the dipole in an external field is given by
τ = pE = q(2a) × E
Here, q = 1μC = 10 −6
C , 2a = 2 cm = 2 × 10-2 m, E = 105 NC-1, τ = ?
∴ τ = 10 Nm
−6 −2 5 −3
× 2 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 10
Page 14 of 18
Section E
31. i. The ray diagram, showing image formation by a compound microscope, is given below ;-
tan β
ii. Linear Magnification due to objective lens is given by = tan α
′
h h
tan β = =
L fo
′
h L
=
h f0
(where the distance between the second focal point of the objective and the first focal point of the eyepiece is called the tube
length of the compound microscope and is denoted by L) The eyepiece will act as a simple microscope, hence we may use the
formula of magnification by a simple microscope for normal adjustment.
D
me =
fe
Total magnification, m = mo × me
L D
= × dmin
fo fe
a. From the equation, it is clear that resolving power increases when the focal length of the objective is decreased. This is
because the minimum separation, dmin decreases when f is decreased.
b. Resolving power decreases when the wavelength of light is increased. This is because the minimum separation, dmin
increases when λ is increased.
OR
i. We can regard the total contributions of the wavefront LN at some point P on the screen, as the resultant effect of the
superposition of its wavelets like LM, MM2, M2N. These have to be superposed taking into account their proper phase
differences.
We, therefore, get maxima and minima, i.e., a diffraction pattern, on the screen. Maxima and minima are produced when the
path difference between waves is a whole number of wavelengths or an odd number of half wavelengths respectively.
ii.
∴ Angular width of the central fringe on the screen (from the figure)
2λ
= 2θ =
a
Page 15 of 18
λ
=
a
For the first diffraction, the angular width of the fringe is half that of the central fringe.
iii. Maxima becomes weaker and weaker with increasing n. This is because the effective part of the wavefront, contributing to the
maxima becomes smaller and smaller, with increasing n.
32. Suppose that two connected conducting spheres of radii a and b possess charges q1and q2 respectively. On the surface of the two
spheres, the potential will be
1 q1
V1 = ⋅
4πε0 a
1 q2
V2 = ⋅
4πε0 b
Till the potentials of two conductors become equal, the flow of charges continues.
Thus, V1 = V2
q q
1 1 1 2
⋅ = ⋅
4πε0 a 4πε0 b
q a
1
=
q b
2
1 q2
E2 = ⋅
4πε0 2
b
E1 q1 2 2
b a b b
or E2
=
q
⋅
2
=
b
⋅
2
=
a
2 a a
Therefore, b : a is the ratio of the electric field of the first sphere to that of the second sphere.
The surface charge densities of the two spheres are given as
q
σ = 1 (As the charges are distributed uniformly over the surfaces of conducting spheres)
1
2
4πa
q2
σ2 =
2
4πb
σ1 q 2 2
1 b a b b
∴ = ⋅ = ⋅ =
σ2 q2 2 2 a
a b a
Therefore, the surface charge densities are inversely related with the radii of the sphere. The surface charge density on the sharp
and pointed ends of a conductor is higher than on its flatter portion since a flat portion may be taken as a spherical surface of large
radius and a pointed portion as that of small radius.
OR
a. The plates P and Q divide the space between the plates A and B in three equal parts. Since V = Ed, the potentials of the plates
A, P, Q, and B will be respectively V, 2V/3, V/3 and 0.
b. When the plates P and Q are connected with a wire, the space between the plates A and B gets divided into two equal parts.
Hence, the potentials of plates A, P, Q, and B will be respectively V, V/2, V/2 and 0.
Since the potential difference between the plates A and P; and between the plates, Q and B have increased from V/3 to V/2,
the electric field between these plates will increase. As the potential difference the plates P and Q is zero, the electric field will
also be zero.
c. Since the potential difference between the plates A and P and between the plates Q and B have increased, the charge on the
plates A and B will increase.
d. Yes, the plate P will have a positive charge and the plate Q will have a negative charge.
33. i. Let at any instant, the current and voltage in an L-C-R series AC circuit is given by
V = V sin ωt and m
I = Im sin(ωt + ϕ)
where Vm and Im are the peak values of the ac voltage and ac current respectively.
The instantaneous power is given by
P = V I = Im sin(ωt + ϕ)Vm sin ωt
Vm Im
⇒ P = [2 sin ωt sin(ωt + ϕ)]
2
Vm Im
∴ P = VI = [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt + ϕ)] … (i)
2
⇒ dW = V I dt
∴ Total work done over a complete cycle i.e. from 0 to T is given by,
T
W = ∫ V I dt
0
Page 16 of 18
T
∫ V Idt
But P av =
W
T
=
0
1 T
⇒ Pav = ∫ V I dt
T 0
1 T Vm Im
= ∫ [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt + ϕ)]dt
T 0 2
Vm Im T T
= [∫ cosϕdt − ∫ cos(2ωt + ϕ)dt]
2T 0 0
Vm Im
T
= [cos ϕ(t)] − 0 (By trigonometry)
2T 0
Vm Im Vm Im
= cos ϕ × T = cos ϕ
2T 2
Vm Im
= × cos ϕ
√2 √2
OR
a. Drawing the two graphs the graph shows the variation of capacitive resistance with frequency and inductive resistance with
frequency.
The two graphs are as shown
2
) . The required phaser diagram is as shown.
Page 17 of 18
[Here, θ = tan −1
[
1
ωCR
]
c.
i. In device X:
π
Current lags behind the voltage by 2
∴ X is an inductor.
In device Y:
Current in phase with the applied voltage.
∴ Y is resistor.
XL
or XL = 220
0.25
Ω = 880 Ω
220
Also 0.25 = XR
220
∴ XR =
0.25
Ω = 880 Ω
For the series combination of X and Y,
−−−−−−−−
–
Equivalent impedance = √X 2
L
+ X
2
R
= (880√2)Ω
Page 18 of 18