SACRED HEART CONVENT SCHOOL

CLASS- XII ‘A’

SESSION 2024-25

PHYSICS PROJECT
TOPIC-TO STUDY SELF-
INDUCTANCE’S FACTORS
ROLL NO.- 7

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
AYUSH SINGH MR.SHIVAM SONI
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT, I AYUSH

COMPLETED THE PROJECT wORk

 I wANT TO EXPRESS MY
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SR. PHILOMINA GEORGE, MY

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 What is Self-Inductance?
•When an electric current is passed
through an insulated conducting coil, it
gives rise to a magnetic field in the coil so
that the coil itself behaves like a magnet.

•The magnetic flux produced by the

current in the coil is linked with the coil
itself.

•As the strength of the current in the coil

is changed, the flux linked with the coil
also changes. Under such circumstances
an emf is induced in the coil too. Such emf
is called a self-induced emf and this
phenomenon is known as self-induction.
To study the factors on which the self-
inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series
with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by
an A.C. source of adjustable frequency
 APPARATUS

▪ A coil of large turns,

▪ AC source of adjustable frequency,
▪ An electrical bulb,
▪ 6V AC ammeter of suitable range,
▪ Rheostat,
▪ A soft iron rod,
▪ One way key,
▪ Connecting wires
Self-inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current
through it.
The self-inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is:
L= µ0µrN2A/l
Where µr, = Relative magnetic
permeability of magnetic material
µr = µ/ µ0

N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l= length of solenoid.
 Hence, the self-inductance depends
upon:
1. No. of turns (N),
L α N²
2. Geometry of coil,
LαA
L α(1/l)
3. Nature of core material,
Lαµ
When an inductor is connected in
series with a resistor (bulb) with a
variable source of frequency, then
current flowing in the bulb is:
Irms = Erms/Z
where
Z = √ (R2 + ω2)
Z= Impedance of the AC circuit.
Here
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of AC
source
1. Make all connections as shown in
the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the AC supply & adjust
the current in the circuit by using
the variable resistor (Rh).
3. Record the current in AC ammeter
& see the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside
the conductor core & record the
current in AC ammeter & again
check the brightness of bulb.
The current & brightness both
decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply &
decrease the frequency of AC
source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again, switch on the supply &
adjust the current in circuit at
same constant voltage 6 V by using
the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The
current & brightness both will
increase.
7. Again, the iron rod in the core of
coil & note the current &
brightness. The current &
brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of AC source.
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A

S. No. Frequency Current in Current in

of applied ammeter ammeter
voltage without with iron
(Hz) iron rod rod in coil
in coil (A) (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
1. The current in the circuit
decreases on inserting the iron rod
in the core of coil at constant
frequency of applied voltage and
brightness of bulb decreases
2. The current in the circuit increases
on decreasing the frequency of
applied voltage & vice-versa.
Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.
1. The coil should have large
number of turns
2. Current should be passed for a
small time to avoid the heating
effects.
3. The connections should be made
tight.
4. The connecting wires must be
sanded before use.
5. The coil should be packed tightly.
1. The resistance of circuit may
increase lightly due to heating
effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in
soft iron coil.
3. The instruments may have zero
error.
4. The key is left open for a long
time.
1.Inductors in Circuits:
Self-inductance is the principle behind
inductors, which are used in electrical
circuits to store energy in a magnetic
field. They resist changes in current,
making them useful for:
• Filtering signals: Inductors are often
used in filter circuits to allow or
block certain frequency ranges,
especially in AC circuits.
• Tuning circuits: In radio receivers
and transmitters, inductors are part
of LC (inductor-capacitor) circuits,
which are used to select specific
frequencies (tuning).
2.Back EMF in Motors: When current
through an inductor (like a motor coil)
changes, it generates a back
electromotive force (EMF) that opposes
the change. This is crucial in the
operation of electric motors, where
self-inductance helps protect the motor
from rapid current fluctuations.

3.Energy Storage: Inductors store

energy in the form of a magnetic field
when current flows through them. This
property is important in devices like
transformers and inductive energy
storage systems, where the energy
stored can be released when needed.
4.Transformers: Self-inductance plays a
role in the operation of transformers,
which transfer electrical energy
between circuits. The primary coil
induces a magnetic field, which then
induces a current in the secondary coil,
based on the principle of mutual
inductance (related to self-inductance).

5.Choke Coils: Chokes are inductors

used to block high-frequency AC signals
while allowing DC or low-frequency
signals to pass. They are often used in
power supplies to smooth out ripple
voltage.
The experiment investigates the factors
influencing the self-inductance of a coil
by examining its effects when placed in
series with a resistor or bulb in an AC
circuit with variable frequency. The
self-inductance, L, is derived using the
formula:
L=μ0μrn2A/L
where n is the number of turns, A is the
area, and l is the length of the coil.
Applications include AC power systems
and transformers, where inductance
affects current flow and energy storage.
▪ Wikipedia

▪ Class XII NCERT Physics

▪ Concept Of Physics- H.C. Verma

▪ Geeks for Geeks