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ASSIGNMENT-I
NAME: V. Amrutha ROLL: 21691A0504

1.List out different Sensors and Actuators used in IOT applications

A. Sensors:
Definition: A device that detects any change or event in the environment and
converts into signals.
 They can measure various changes in the environment like pressure,
temperature, humidity, motion and many more.
 They produce digital data that is signals from the motion which can be used
for further processing and analysis.
 They play a major role in the automation as it is the fundamental component
to sense or observe the environment.
List of different sensors:
I. Light sensors:
 These are used to measure the light levels.
 These are used for automatic light control and outdoor lighting
applications.
 These include photodiodes, light sensors such as LEDs, etc…
II. Temperature sensors:
 These are used to measure the temperature levels.
 These are used for climate control, HVAC systems, weather monitor,
etc…
 They include thermocouples, thermistors, digital thermometers, etc…
III. Pressure sensors:
 These are used to measure the pressure levels.
 These are used for measuring fluid pressure, altitude pressure used in
weather stations and TPMS.
 These include piezoresistive pressure sensors, MEMS-based pressure
sensors.
IV. Gas sensors:
 These are used to measure the gas levels and their presence in the
environment.
 They are used in air quality monitoring, industrial safety, gas leakage
detection and many more.
 They include electrochemical gas sensors, optical gas sensors.
V. Moisture sensors:
 These are used to measure the moisture levels in the soil.
 INTERNET OF THINGS
ASSIGNMENT-I
NAME: V. Amrutha ROLL: 21691A0504
 They are used for smart irrigation, gardening, and environmental
monitoring.
 These types include resistive, capacitive as well as FDR sensors.
Actuators:
Definition: A device that receives the signals and convert them into action or
motion.
 They are used to control and manipulate various physical systems by
initiating mechanical, electrical, or thermal actions.
 They can perform various critical actions in automation systems, robotics
and other applications where precise control is preferred.
List of different actuators:
I. Motors:
 These are the devices that convert electrical data into mechanical motion.
 They are widely used in IOT applications to control movement of objects.
 They include DC motors, Servo motors, and many different applications
based on factors such as speed, torque, and precision.
II. Valves:
 They control the flow of fluids by opening or closing packages.
 They are essential for regulating the flow of water, gas, or other fluids in
various IOT applications.
 These include solenoid valves, pneumatic valves, and many fluid control
requirements.
III. Solenoids:
 They are the devices that generate linear motion or force when energized
using electric current.
 They are used for actuating mechanical components such as valves, latches,
locks in IOT applications.
 They include linear solenoids, rotary solenoids, designed for specific motion
control applications.
IV. Relays:
 They are electromechanical switches that control the flow of electrical
current in response to electrical signals.
 They are commonly used for switching high power devices remotely in IOT
applications.
 They include solid-state relays, reed relays, each suitable for different
voltage.
V. Pumps:
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ASSIGNMENT-I
NAME: V. Amrutha ROLL: 21691A0504
 These are devices that move fluids from one location to other by mechanical
force or pressure.
 They are used for fluid transfer, circulation, HVAC systems, medical
systems.
 They include centrifugal pumps, diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps.
2. Design a program with Arduino platform for four-way traffic light
signal.
A. CODE: -
const int RED_NORTH=2;
const int YELLOW_NORTH=3;
const int GREEN_NORTH=4;
const int RED_SOUTH=5;
const int YELLOW_SOUTH=6;
const int GREEN_SOUTH=7;
const int RED_EAST=8;
const int YELLOW_EAST=9;
const int GREEN_EAST=10;
const int RED_WEST=11;
const int YELLOW_WEST=12;
const int GREEN_WEST=13;
//DURATIONS
const int GREEN_DURATION=5000;
const int YELLOW_DURATION=2000;
const int ALL_RED_DURATION=1000;
void setup ( ) {
pinMode(RED_NORTH,OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW-NORTH,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_NORTH,OUTPUT);
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ASSIGNMENT-I
NAME: V. Amrutha ROLL: 21691A0504
pinMode(RED_SOUTH,OUTPUT);
pinMOde(YELLOW_SOUTH,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_SOUTH,OUTPUT);
pinMode(RED_EAST,OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW_EAST,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_EAST,OUTPUT);
pinMode(RED_WEST,OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW_WEST,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_WEST,OUTPUT);
}
Void loop ()
{
digitalWrite(GREEN_NORTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_SOUTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_EAST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_WEST,HIGH);
delay(GREEN_DURATION);
digitalWrite(GREEN_NORTH,LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN_SOUTH,LOW);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_NORTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_SOUTH,HIGH);
delay(YELLOW_DURATION);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_NORTH,LOW);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_SOUTH,LOW);
digitalWrite(RED_NORTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_SOUTH,HIGH);
delay(ALL_RED_DURATION);
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ASSIGNMENT-I
NAME: V. Amrutha ROLL: 21691A0504

digitalWrite(RED_NORTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_SOUTH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_EAST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_WEST,HIGH);
delay(GREEN_DURATION);
digitalWrite(GREEN_EAST,LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN_WEST,LOW);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_EAST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_WEST,HIGH);
delay(YELLOW_DURATION);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_EAST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_WEST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_EAST,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_WEST,HIGH);
delay(ALL_RED_DURATION);
}