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b) Describe how any four (4) of the ways listed in 2a) above can help
transform the teaching and learning process
(20Marks)
1. Active learning: ICT-enhanced learning provides a platform for student inquiry,
analysis and construction of new information. Learners therefore learn as they do
and, whenever appropriate, work on real-life problems in-depth, making learning
less abstract and more relevant to the learner’s life situation. In this way, and in
contrast to memorization-based or rote learning, ICT-enhanced learning promotes
increased learner engagement. ICT-enhanced learning is also “just-in-time”
learning in which learners can choose what to learn when they need to learn it.
2. Collaborative learning: ICT-supported learning encourages interaction and
cooperation among students, teachers, and experts regardless of where they are.
Apart from modeling real-world interactions, ICT-supported learning provides
i) Bus topology
ii) Ring topology
iii) Star topology
iv) Mesh topology
i) Bus Topology
In the bus network topology, every workstation is connected to a main cable called
the bus. Therefore, in effect, each workstation is directly connected to every other
workstation in the network through the Bus or Backbone/Main cable.
In the ring network topology, the nodes are connected in a closed loop con-
figuration. Adjacent pairs of nodes are directly connected.
In the star network topology, there is a central device or server to which all the
workstations are directly connected. Every node is connected to the central device.
The mesh network topology employs either of two schemes, called full mesh and
partial mesh. In the full mesh topology, each workstation is connected directly to each
of the others. In the partial mesh topology, some workstations are connected to all the
others, and some are connected only to those other nodes with which they exchange
the most data.