Cloud Computing(KCS-713)

Unit-1
Cloud Computing provides us means of
us to create, configure, and customize theaccessing
the applications as utilities over the Internet. It
applications online. allows
> What is Cloud?
The termn Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In
other words, we can say that Cloud is something,
which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
WAN, LAN or VPN. services over public and private networks, i.e.,

Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship

cloud. management (CRM) execute on
> What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the
resources remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application. hardware and software

Iufrastvure

Cloudcomputing offers platform independency, as the software is not required to be installed locally
on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our business applications mobile and collaborative.

> Basic Concepts

There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud computing feasible
and accessible to end users. Following are the working models for cloud computing:
Deployment Models
Service Models
Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

Deployment Models
Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located? Cloud can haye
any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid, and Community.

Public Cloud Private Cloud

Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud

Public Cloud

The public cloud allows systems and services to be casily accessible to the general public. Public cloud
may be less secure because of itsopenness.
Private Cloud
The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It is more
secured because of its private nature.

Community Cloud
organizations.
The community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of

Hybrid Cloud
The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in which the critical activities are performed
performed using public cloud.
using private cloud while the non-critical activities are
> Service Models
service models
models. These are categorized into three basic
Cloud computing is based on service
which are
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (laaS)
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
includes Network-as-a-Service,
service model, whichStrategy-as-a-Service.
Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) is yet another Database-as-a-Service or
Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service,
The
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
inherits
(laaS) is the most
the security and management mechanism frombasic level of service. Each of the
the underlying model, as shown inservice models
the following
diagram:

Cloud Clients
Web browser, mobile app, thin client

SaaS
Application CRM, Email, games, virtüal desktop

PaaS
Platform
Database, web seryer. deployment
tools

laas
Infrastructure Virtual machines, servers, storage
networks

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
laaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual
storage, etc.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and deployment tools, etc.
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
SaaS model allows using software applications as a service to end-users.
History of Cloud Computing
The concept of Cloud Computing came into existence in the year 1950 with implementation of
mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients. Since then, cloud computing has been evolved
from static clients to dynamic ones and from software to services. The following diagram explains the
evolution of cloud computing:
 Cloud
Computing
Mainfranmes Rise of the ClientServer Hosted
Architecture Environment
PC

"Start of "Rise in demand Virtual Private 4T infrastructure "Emergence of 'as a

Autormation of personal Network management service'.
phase desktops offered Outsourcing
"Delivery of
"Localized "Decentralized "Dermand for |ncrease use of
virtua lization laas,PaaS, Saa S,NaaS.
Infrastructur Computing high "Collaborative
bandwidth
Birth of IT computing
|Services "Dot Com
"Utility Cormputing
Industries revolution
LModel

1950s 1960s 1990s 2000 Beyond 2010

> Underlying Principles of Parallel and Distributed Computing

Parallel Computing Distributed Computing
1 Many operations are performed System components are located at different
simultaneously locations

2 Single computer is required Uses multiple computers

3 Multiple processors perform multiple Multiple computers perform multiple operations
operations
4 It may have shared or distributed It have only distributed memory
memory
communicate with each other through
5 Processors comnmunicate with each other Computers
message passing.
through bus
Improves system scalability, fault tolerance and
6 mproves the system performance resource sharing capabilities

Benefits
below
advantages. Somne of them are listed
Cloud Computing has numerous
Internet.
applications as utilities, over the
One can access time.
manipulate and configure the applications online at any
One can application.
does not require installing software to access or manipulating cloud
It
online development and deployment tools, programming runtime
Cloud Computing offers model.
environment through PaaS indenendent
over the networK m a manner that provides platform
Cloudresources are ayailable
clients.
access to any type of
Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used without interaction
with cloud service provider.
Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high efficiency with optimum
utilization.It just requiresan Internet connection
Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.

Applications as
utilities over
internet Manipulate &
High efficiency. configure apps
reliability & online
lexibility

No Software
Cost Benefits
effective
Required

On-demand Online development

& deploynent tools
self service
Resources available
on Network

Risks related toCloud Computing

benefits in the world of computing, it
Although cloud Computing is a promising innovation with various
below:
comes with risks. Some of them are discussed

Security and Privacy

Since data management and infrastructure
It is the biggest concern about cloud computing.
third-party, it is always a risk to handover the
management in cloud is provided byproviders.
sensitive information to cloud service
ensure highly secured password protected
o Although the cloud computing vendorsresult in loss of customers and businesses.
accounts, any sign of security breach may

" Lock In
(CSP) to
difficult for the customers to switch from one Cloud Service Provider
It is very
particular CSP for service.
another. It results in dependency on a
Isolation Failure
Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

This risk inyolves the failure of isolation mechanism that

separates storage, memory, and routing
between the different tenants.

Management Interface Compromise

In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces are accessible through the
Internet.

Insecure or Incomplete Data Deletion

Itis possible that the data requested for deletion may not get deleted. It happens because either of
the following reasons
Extra copies of data are stored but are not available at the time of deletion
Disk that stores data of multiple tenants is destroyed.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are four key characteristics of cloud computing. They are shown in the following diagram:

Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models
Private Cloud Commuity Public Cloud
cloud
Sevice Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Models Service (PaaS) Service (laaS)
Service (SaaS)

Essential On Demand Sef Serice

Characteristics
Broad Networks Access Rapid Elasticity

Measured Service
Resource Pooling

Massive Scale Resient Computing

Common Hormogeneity
Geographic Distributon
Characteristics Service Orientation
Virtualization
Low cost software Advanced Security

Service
On Demand Self
can logon
web serviCes and resources on demand. One
allows the users to use
Cloud Computing time and use them.
any
to a website at
Broad Network Access
Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can be accessed from anywhere and at any
time.

Resource Pooling

Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool of resources. One can share single
physical instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure.

Rapid Elasticity
It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any time. Scaling of resources
means the ability of resources to deal with increasing or decreasing demand. The resources being
used by customers at any given point of time are automatically monitored.

Measured Service

aspects of cloud service. Resource

In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the
optimization,billing, andcapacity planningetc. depend on it.

Elasticity in Cloud
or decrease computer processing, memory and
Elastic computing is the ability to quickly expand
meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and
storage resources to
engineering for peak usage.
monitoring tools, elastic computing matches the amount of
Typically controlled by system without disrupting operations.
of resources actually needed
resources allocated to the amount does
paying for unused capacity or idle resources and
elasticity, a company avoids additional resources and
" By using cloud purchase or maintenance of
investing inthe
nothave toworry about
equipment.
take into account when considering elastic
and limited control are concerns to
" While security
has many benefits.
cloud computing,it infrastructure, is typically automatedso it
efficient than your typicalT availability
Elasticcomputing is
more clock and offers continuous
human admin1strators around the
on
does not haveto
rely
slowdowns or service interruptions.
services by avoiding unnecessary
of
Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

On-demand Provisioning

Cloud provisioning refers to the processes for the deployment and integration of cloud computing services
within an enterprise IT infrastructure. This is a broad term that incorporates the policies, procedures and
an enterprise's objective in sourcing cloud services and solutions from a cloud service provider.
Cloud provisioning primarily defines how, what and when an organization will provision cloud services.
These services can be internal, public or hybridcloud products and solutions.There are three different
delivery models:

Dynamic/On-Demand Provisioning: The customer or requesting application is provided with

resources on run tÉme.
themselves.
User Provisioning: The user/customer adds a cloud device or device
Post-Sales/Advanced Provisioning: The customer is provided with the resource upon
contract/service signup.

provisioning can include the supply and assignment of required cloud

From aprovider's standpoint, cloud
the creation of virtual machines, the allocation of storage
resources to the customer. For example,
cloud software.
capacity and/or granting access to