Cell

structure
What are the similarities between houses and cells?
Savvas
Realize
• Material Required:
• Metric Ruler
• Meter stick
• calculator
This plant cell has been sliced
in half and you are looking into
one of the halves. How would
you describe the structure of
the cell?
 Parts of a cell

• Cells are the smallest functional

unit in any living organisms.
However, it has organelles within
that keeps it functional as an
entire organism.

• Different organelles have

different structures and
PG.15 different function.
Because they • You can see that the cell may have many

have different
of the same organelles different organelles
have different structures, why?

functions.
some organelles are found
only in plant cells, some
only in animal cells, and
some are found in both
plant and animal cells.
What is an Organelle?

Is a tiny cell structure

that carries out specific
functions within the cell.
Which cell contains more organelles
Bacterial or plant cells?

Bacteria are unicellular organisms that do not contain

as many
different types of organelles as plant or animals cells.
• Read the paragraph and answer the following questions:

1- What is a cell wall?

a rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, that does not surround animal cells

2- Name two things cell walls are made of and what kind of organism each belongs to.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose while fungi cell walls are made of chitin

3-How are the cell walls of plants and fungi similar and different?
They are both strong and help protect the organism. Difference: The material that makes fungi cell walls strong also helps fo rm the
outer skeletons of insects.

4-Why do cells need water and oxygen?

Cells need water because it helps breakdown nutrients.
Cells need oxygen to get energy from an organism’s food source.
The cell walls of fungi The cell walls of plant
are made of chitin cells are made mostly
of a strong material
called cellulose.
 Vs.

• All cells have a cell membrane:

- In plant cells, it’s is a fluid-like layer between the cell
and the cell wall
- In animal cell it is the outermost layer

Cell • In cells that doesn’t have cell walls (e.g animal cells)
cell membrane act as a barrier.

membrane • Can you relate between the cell membrane and the dust
mask?
All cells have cell membrane.
Organelles
in
cytoplasm
 Cytoplasm

• A clear, gel-like fluid, Made mostly of water and some salt.

• Function:
1- holds all the cell's organelles.
2- carries nutrients and proteins throughout the cell.
 Nucleous
• What organ in the human body is
the nucleus like?

• How are the brain and the nucleus

similar?

• The brain coordinates how the

other organs operate. The
nucleus directs the activities of
the other parts of the cell.
 Nucleus
Notes to be taken from the video:

Structural parts:

1- nucleus is a large oval organelle that

contains the cell's genetic material in the
form of DNA and controls many of the
cell's activities.
From Notes to Noticed | Write it With Grammarly
2- surrounded by a membrane called the (youtube.com)
nuclear envelope that directs the passage
of components through nucleus
Functional :
1- contain the genetic material that
instructs the cell of its function (where??)

2- has nucleoles that produces dot-like

ribosomes that produce proteins
 Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
• a structure like a maze of
passageways
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Functions|| SER||
RER|| Cell biology|| Biology (youtube.com)
• Function: Watch and take notes for
1- Processing of proteins and lipids.
2- Energy storage discussion!!
3- Attached ribosomes are used to synthesize proteins.
Golgi • Flattened sacs and tubes structures

• Receives proteins and other newly formed materials

apparatus from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to

other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell.

The Golgi Apparatus Structure and Function | The

Endomembrane System (youtube.com)
Mitochondria

• Rod shaped structures

Eating food • Powerhouse of the cell Running
• In both plant and animal cells
chloroplast

In pairs
Have a minute to discuss the image you
see.
 P.19

• Read the paragraph and answer the question below:

What is the function of chloroplast? How?
to make food, in the form of sugar, for the cell by capturing energy from sunlight
and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food
In which part of the plant are located?
on the leaves of plants
Are they present in animal cell? Explain
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts because animals eat food
instead of making their own food from sunlight.
Organelles under microscope

• Fill in the blank under each image with the name of the
organelle.

• For each organelle, fill in the small circle with A if it

is found only in animal cells, P if it is found only
in plant cells, or B if it is found in both kinds of cells

Savvas Realize
Lysosomes
Q& A
What’re the main functions of lysosomes?
1- contain substances that break down large food
particles into smaller ones

2-break down old cell parts and release the

materials so they can be used again.

- They present in animal cells only.

- Considered as cell's recycling centers

The Structure & Function of Lysosomes - A Level Biology

(youtube.com)
Jira Exit Interview | 1.2 (youtube.com)

• Where they are present?

What are their function?
Pg 20
Pg 19
List animal cell organelles and
their functions
Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion
Directs cell’s Converts
Gel-like fluid activities energy in food
carries to energy used
nutrients, by cell
proteins, and
organelles
around the
Lysosomes Vacuole Endoplasmic
Break down Stores water, Reticulum
food food, waste Helps make
particles and products, or proteins and
other materials other
worn-out cell substances
parts
Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus The cell
Packages and membrane is a
Produce distributes thin, flexible
proteins materials from barrier that
needed by endoplasmic surrounds a cell
reticulum (ER) and controls
cell which substances
pass into and out
of a cell.
List plant cell organelles and
their functions
 Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell wall
Directs cell’s The rigid
Gel-like fluid supporting
carries activities
layer that
nutrients, surrounds the
proteins, and cells of plants
organelles and some other
around the cell organisms
Chloroplast Vacuole Endoplasmic
(only in plant Stores water, Reticulum
food, waste Helps make
cell) Makes
products, or proteins and
food for cell other
using energy other materials
substances
from sunlight
Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus The cell
Packages and membrane is a
Produce distributes thin, flexible
proteins materials from barrier that
needed by endoplasmic surrounds a cell
reticulum (ER) and controls
cell which substances
pass into and out
of a cell.
Mitochondrion
Converts
energy in food
to energy used
by cell
Build a
cell?!
C E L L ( L A B A I D S . S 3 . U S - E A S T-
2.AMAZONAWS.COM)
Recall?
• What is the difference between the human and bacteria?
1- Bacteria is unicellular but human is -
multicellular organism

2- When the only cell that makes up the

bacterium dies, the entire organism
dies.
In a multicellular organism, there are
many different types of cells with
different functions, and they often look
quite different from one another.
 Pg 21

In your words:
1-Summarize the specialized cell meaning
2- Give examples
3 1

2 4
Cells Working Together
• Many students may believe that there is only one
type of cell or that the differences between cells What are other examples of systems in the
are only those that can be found between plants human body?
and animals. In fact, there are many types of
cells, each of which performs a different
function. When cells perform the same or very
similar functions, they often clump together. The
heart is a clump of cells working together to
perform a specific function. The same can be said
of the brain and all the other organism the body.
When clumps of cells work with other clumps of
cells, a system is formed . The respiratory system
is made up of various clumps of cells working
together to help organisms take in and use
oxygen. The nervous system is made up of
various clumps of cells that relay messages from
the brain to other parts of the body and vice
versa.
 V.s

What are the similarities between

specialized cells and business organization
Pg 22
1- what does a tissue means?

2- Underline the type of tissue or organ described

and what that tissue or organ does for the body.

3- give examples of functions that each tissue

cannot do and that another type of tissue described
in the paragraph can do
Draw a mind map of the
hierarchy of cells
building up a digestive
system starting from
atoms.