Chapter 1: Physical Education and its Objectives,

and Physical Fitness and its Components

INTRODUCTION
In this unit module, you will learn about Physical Education and its Objectives,
and Physical Fitness and its Components.

Physical Education (PE) is "education through the physical". It aims to develop

students’ physical competence and knowledge on movement and safety, and their
ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with the
development of an active and healthy lifestyle. It also develops students’ confidence
and generic skills, especially those of collaboration, communication, creativity, critical
thinking, and aesthetic appreciation. With the said skills, together with nurturing of
positive values and attitudes, PE provides a good foundation for students’ lifelong and
life-wide learning.

Physical Fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together
efficiently for you to be healthy and be able to perform activities of daily living. Being
efficient means doing daily activities with the least effort possible. A fit person is able
to perform schoolworks, meet home responsibilities, and still have enough energy to
enjoy sport, and other leisure activities. A fit person can respond effectively to normal
life situations such as raking leaves at home, stocking shelves at a part-time job, and
marching in the band at school. A fit person can also respond to emergency situations
like, by running to get help or aiding a friend in distress.

Physical Fitness is composed of eleven (11) parts, six (6) are health-related and
five (5) are skills-related. All parts are important for good performance in physical
activities, including sports. As the name implies, skills-related physical fitness
components help you perform well in sports and other activities that require motor
skills.

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CHAPTER 1
DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVES
 TOPIC: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to;

● Define Physical Education and identify its importance;
● Enumerate and analyze the four (4) main objectives of Physical Education; and
● Perform physical activities and practice the components of Physical
Fitness.
1. WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION?

Physical Education is the integral part of the educational system which

promotes the individual's physical, social, emotional, and mental development through
a well selected program of physical activities.

It refers to an important segment of general education which aims to contribute

to the total development of the learner through participation in selected various
activities. It provides opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are essential for an
individual's physical, mental, social, and emotional development.
2. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The goal of Physical Education is to assist learners to develop and maintain a

healthy lifestyle that can be achieved through acquisition of knowledge, desirable
habits and attitudes, game and dance skills, and wholesome interpersonal
relationships.

The Objectives of Physical Education are focused on the four (4) aspects of
development:

2.1 Physical Development Objectives. Physical Fitness, which is the capacity

of the body to engage in work, and play without undue fatigue, is the foremost
aim of Physical Education. This will be achieved through regular exercise and
participation in varied various activities. In the pursuit of the development and
maintenance of Physical Fitness, fundamental movement skills, games, sports,
and dance skill, this can

increase one’s capability to enjoy lifetime recreational pursuit. Providing a

well balanced program of activities will encourage the student to participate
actively and enthusiastically in Physical Education. The end result of which
will be good health and acquisition of physical skill that can be useful for
 wholesome recreational activity and related future endeavors. A well exercised
body is always healthy.

2.2. Mental Development Objectives. Focus is on the acquisition of

knowledge and understanding, ability to analyze body movement skills,
evaluate game situations, and make important decisions. Understanding the
rules, better performance or appreciation, and creativity can be enhanced if the
learner has a rich background and wide exposure to a variety of physical
activities.

Explanation and Example: In basketball, if the players applied the

knowledge obtained in PE lecture of proper catching, passing, rebounding, and
shooting the ball, there would be no reason for the students to be unable to
catch, pass, rebound, and shoot the ball. Therefore, their team will win,
because they applied the knowledge obtained in the basketball lecture. and
applied the rules and the regulations learned

2.3. Social Development Objectives. A learner seldom gets into various

physical activities by himself either he/she dances or exercises with other
people. In the process, he/she learns to respect others, and practice fair play,
sportsmanship, teamwork, and developed leadership. He/she learns the game
of life- the application of the golden rule.

Explanation and Example: He/she develops good sportsmanship because he

practices fair play. So, there will be no reason that he/she will not be selected
as the Most Valuable Player or the MVP Awardee. Being awarded as MVP
means he/she always practices teamwork and develops good leadership in
basketball or in any sports, and he/she can carry those skills in life as future
family men/women.

2.4. Emotional Development Objectives. Participating in the varied Physical

activities enable individuals to acquire pleasant attitudes, desirable habits,
appreciation, and values. Positive character traits such as courage, self-
confidence, discipline, appreciation for beautiful performance, as well as self-
expression are developed and will become part of an individual’s way of
living.

Explanation and Example: A Physical Education student who always

participates in different games and accepts with all his/her will and
appreciation, results in a wholesome attitude that will make him/her

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pleasant and happy. He/she who displays self-confidence, has courage, and is well
disciplined in all aspects of life., in the future he/she will have a well-rounded
personality and will build up a strong foundation for a stable family.
Additional Explanation: With Bloom’s Taxonomy of Behavioral Objectives.

Physical Education gives a total development to students or learners, as well as

to athletes or players that will develop their cognitive and psychomotor at its highest
level of growth and development.

THE LIFELONG VALUES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES → Physical Fitness Components

Endurance, Strength, Flexibility, Balance, and Ability.
2. COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES → Body Functions and Development
Process- Analysis, Reasoning, and Decision making.
3. AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES → Social and Emotional Stability
Cooperation, Sportsmanship, Respect for Others, Leadership, Courage, Self-
discipline, Aesthetic Appreciation, and Self-expression.
TOPIC: PHYSICAL FITNESS

1. WHAT IS PHYSICAL FITNESS?

Physical Fitness is the first course in Physical Education which deals with a
concept of Physical Education and Physical Fitness.. It also provides opportunities for
students for physical fitness testing and participation in the development and
maintenance of fitness such as aerobics, self-testing activities, light and heavy
apparatus work, and freehand and floor exercises.
2. THE COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS

1. Cardio-respiratory Endurance
The ability of the heart and lungs to
function efficiently and effectively
over a prolonged period of time.

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2. Muscular Strength
The ability of a muscle group to
contact against a resistance.
3. Muscular Endurance
The ability to continue selected
muscle group movements for a
prolonged period of time.

4. Flexibility
The functional capacity of a joint to
move through a normal range of
motion. The muscular system is
involved.

5. Body Composition
This is one of the newer attributes
to be included as a component of
physical fitness. This term refers to
the relative distribution of lean and
fat body tissues.

SKILL-RELATED FITNESS

1. Balance
A kind of coordination involving
vision, reflexes and the skeletal
muscular system which provides
the maintenance of equilibrium.

2. Coordination
The ability to integrate the senses
with muscles so as to produce
accurate, smooth, and harmonious
body movement.

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3. Agility
The capacity to change the
direction of the body quickly and
effectively.
4. Speed
The ability to move one’s body
from one point to another in the
shortest possible time.

5. Power
Power is sometimes confused with
strength; however, speed of
contraction is the basic ingredient
which, when combined with
strength, provides an explosive
type of movement.

6. Reaction Time
The time required to respond or
initiate a movement as a result of a
given stimulus.