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18 views2 pages

Ass 1

Uploaded by

Cyril Chukwunyem
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICS 241.

Assignment # 1

1. A fair coin is tossed three times. Describe the sample space.


Describe the following events:
A: the event that at least one head is obtained.
B: the event that a head is obtained in the second toss.
C: the event that a tail is obtained in the third toss.
D: the event that no heads are obtained.
E: the event that exactly two heads are obtained.
Describe the following events:

A ∪ B, B ∩ C, (B ∪ C)c , A ∩ (B ∪ C).

2. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 4, 5} and C = {1, 6}. Find the following
sets:
A ∪ C, A ∩ B, Ac , Ac ∩ B, B ∩ C c , A ∪ B ∪ C, (A ∪ B)c , Ac ∩ B c , (C c )c , [(A ∩ B)c ∪ C]c .

3. Let S be the sample space and let A be a subset of S. Find each of the following sets:
A ∩ S, A ∪ S, ∅ ∩ A, ∅ ∪ A, A ∩ Ac , A ∪ Ac .

4. Let A, B and C be three events for a random experiment. Use set notation to express
the following statements:
a. At least one of the three events occur.
b. All of the three events occur.
c. Exactly one of the three events occur.
d. None of the three events occur.
e. Events A and B occur but not C.

5. What numbers belong to the following unions and intersections of intervals of real
numbers?

∞
[ ∞
\ ∞
[ ∞
\
(1/n, 1), (0, 1/n), [1/n, 1], [0, 1 + (1/n)]
n=2 n=1 n=1 n=1

1
6. Draw one card at random from a standard deck of 52 cards. Assume that the proba-
bility set function assigns 1/52 to each of the 52 outcomes. Let

A = {x : x is a jack, queen, or king}


B = {x : x is a 9, 10 or jack and x is red}
C = {x : x is a club}
D = {x : x is a diamond, a heart, or a spade}

Find P (A), P (A ∩ B), P (A ∪ B), P (C ∪ D), P (C ∩ D).

7. A coin is tossed four times, and the sequence of heads and tails are observed.
i. List each of the sequences in the sample space.
ii. Let events A, B, C and D be given by A:= at least three heads, B:= at most two
heads, C:= heads on the third toss, D:= one head and three tails. Find P (A),
P (A ∩ B), P (B), P (A ∩ C), P (D), P (A ∪ C) and P (B ∩ D).

8. Let X equal the trial on which a 3 is observed in successive rolls of a four sided die.
Let A = {X = 1} be the event that 3 is observed on the first trial. Let B = {X ≥ 2}
be the vent that at least two trials are required to observe a 3. Assuming that the die
is fair and each side has the same probability find P (A), P (B) and P (A ∪ B).

9. If S = A ∪ B, P (A) = 0.7 and P (B) = 0.9, find P (A ∩ B).

10. Roll a fair four-sided die four times. Let Ai be the event that side i is observed on
the ith roll: this is revered to as a match on the ith roll. It is given that P (Ai ) = 1/4,
for i = 1, 2, 3, 4; P (Ai ∩ Aj ) = (1/4)2 , for i 6= j; P (Ai ∩ Aj ∩ Ak ) = (1/4)3 , for i, j, k
all different; and P (A1 ∩ A2 ∩ A3 ∩ A4 ) = (1/4)4
i. Find the probability of at least one match, namely, P (A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ∪ A4 ).
ii. Show that P (A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ∪ A4 ) = 1 − (1 − 1/4)4 .
iii. Extend this result to an n-sided die.
iv. As n increases without a bound, what is the limiting probability of at least one
match in the n trials?

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