Logical Thinking

1. There are some ducks and pigs in a

farm. The number of ducks is 5
times and 6 more than the number
of pigs. They have 180 legs in total.
How many pig(s) is/are there?
Answer: 12
Solution:
Let D=number of ducks
P=number of pigs
D=5 P+6 ( 1 )

Substitute (1) to (2)

2 D+4 P=180 ( 2 )

2 ( 5 P+ 6 ) +4 P=180
10 P+12+4 P=180
14 P+12=180
14 P=168
P=12

2. Every cell A will split into 2 cell B

after 1 minute and very cell B will
split into 2 cell A after 2 minutes.
 There are a few cell A now. After 12
minutes, Scientist observe 1800
cells. How many cells are there at
the beginning?
Answer: 125
Solution:
Let x=number of cells at the beginning
1 cycle=1minute+2 minutes=3 minutes

Every cycle x increases 4 times

12 minutes=4 cycles

4
x × 4 =32000
32000
x=
256
x=125

3. According to the pattern shown

below, what is the number in the
blank?
 Answer:6
Solution:
The observable pattern is the
number in the middle is the average
of the 5 numbers
4 +5+6+ 7+8=30
30
=6
5

4. 5 numbers A , B ,C , D∧E , represents 5

different numbers from 0 to 9. Given
the following conditions. What is the
sum of the 5 numbers?
1. A> B>C > D> E.
2. The sum of D , Eis equal to B.
3. A is greater than 7.
4. The sum of C , E is greater than A.
5. E is greater than 2.
6. A is divisible by D.
Answer: 18

Solution:
 By condition 3 could be 8 or 9
For 9 by condition 5
A

should be at least 6,5,4 but 9 is not

divisible by any of this numbers
D

negating condition 6

By condition 5 and 6
A=8

By condition 5
D=4

By condition 2
E=3

By condition 4
B=7

C=6
8+ 4+3+ 7+6=18

5. A store had a box of pens. One half

and 6 fewer were sold on the first
day. One half of the remaining part
and 3 more pens were sold on the
 second day. One half and 1 fewer
pen were sold on the third day.
Finally, 8 pens are left. How many
pen(s) did the box contain
originally?
Answer: 56
Solution:
8−1=7 ×2=14
14+ 3=17 × 2=34

Arithmetic
34−6=28 ×2=56

6. Find the value of

4 ×5+3 ×7+ 2 × 13.
2 3 5

Answer: 77 5
5 10 10

Solution:
3

10 21 65
20 +21 +26
5 10 10
20 21 65
20 +21 +26
10 10 10

7. Find the value of

106 3
67 =77
10 5

Answer: 456
9+13+ 14+18+19+ …+44 +48.

Solution:
 Separating it to 2 arithmetic
sequence
¿ 9+14 +…+ 44
¿
2 (
( 9+44 ) 44−9
×
5 )
+1

53× 8
¿ =212
2
¿ 13+18+ …+48
¿
2 (
( 13+48 ) 48−13
×
5
+1 )
61× 8
¿ =244

8. Covert 0.9 14 into the simplest fraction.

2
212+244=456

Answer: 198
181

Solution:
Let x=0.9 14
1000 x=914. 14
10 x=9. 14
1000 x−10 x=905
990 x=905

9. Find the value of

905 181
x= =
990 198

6927 ×1017−6928 ×1016 .

Answer:5911
Solution:
 Let x=6927 , y=1017
¿ ( x × y )−( ( x +1 ) × ( y−1 ) )
¿ xy−( xy −x+ y−1 )

10.Find the value of

¿ x− y +1
¿ 6927−1017+1=5911

1 1 1 1
+ + +…+
2× 4 4 × 6 6 ×8 28 ×30

Answer:7/30

Solution:
1 4−2 6−4 8−6 30−28
¿ ( + + +…+ )
2 2 ×4 4 ×6 6 ×8 28 ×30
¿ (
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
− + − + − +… −
2 2 4 4 6 6 8
1
28 30
1
)
¿
1 1 1
−
2 2 30 ( )
¿
1 15−1
2 30 ( )
¿
1 14
=( )
7

Number theory
2 30 30

11.Find the last digit of A if

Answer:0
2 2 2 2
A=2 + 4 + 6 +…+80

Solution:
A=22 ( 12 +22 +32 +…+ 402 )
A=4 × (
40 × 41 ×81
6 )
A=88560
12.The remainder of dividing a positive
integer K by 9 is 2. What is the
remainder of dividing ( 5 k +5 ) by 12?
Answer:0
Solution:
The lowest possible value of K is 2.

13.If a 9-digit number 9143576 A 2 is divisible

5 ( 2 ) +5=15
15 ÷ 15=1 r .0

by 12, Find the value A.

Answer:5
Solution:
To ensure that the number is
divisible by 12 it has to be divisible
by both 4 and 3.
By divisibility rule of 3
Possible values of A are 2,5,8
9+1+ 4+3+ 5+7+6+ 2=37

By divisibility rule of 4
Possible value of A are 1,3,5,7,9
The only common number is 5
14.The sum of 15 consecutive numbers
is 210. Find the largest number.
Answer:21
Solution:

Making 14 the middle number 8th

210
=14
15

number.
14+ 7=21

15.How many simplified fraction(s)

with denominator 2023 is/are there?
Answer:1632
Solution:
2023=7 ×17 ×17
7−1 17−1
¿ 2023( × )
7 17

(
¿ 2023 × )
6 16
7 17
¿ 1632
Geometry
16.Small cubes with side length 1 are
combined according to the pattern
shown below. Find the total volume
of the 13th generation. What is the
original volume of the cuboid?

Answer: 30
Solution:
1st generation V =6 sq .units
2nd generation V =8 sq . unit s
3rd generation V =10 sq . unit s
By each generation the volume
increases by 2 sq. units
17.The figure below is formed by 7
6+12 ( 2 )=30 sq . units

identical regular hexagons and 6

identical triangles. If the area of the
triangle is 2 , find the area of the
figure.
1

Answer: 24
Solution:
 1 1
7 ×6 × +6 × =24
2 2

18.The area of a rectangle is 552. The

value of its length and width are
integers. What is the minimum
possible value of its perimeter?
Answer: 94
Solution:
To get the minimum perimeter we
need to have the least difference
between length and width.
23 ×24=552
P=2 ( 23+24 )=94

19.There is a cuboid. When the length

increases by 9cm, the volume will
increase by 30cm3. When the width
increases by 3cm, the volume will
increase by 30cm3. When the height
increases by 6cm, the volume will
increase by 72cm3. What is the
original volume of the cuboid?
 Answer:20
Solution:
L ×W × H =V
( L+9 ) ×W × H=V +30 ; 9 WH =30
( W +3 ) × L× H =V +30 ; 3 LH =30
9 WH =3 LH ; L=3 W
( H +6 ) × L ×W =V +72 ; 6 LW =72
6 ×3 W × W =72
W =2
L=3 ( 2 ) =6
3 LH =30 ; 3 ×6 × H=30
5
H=
3
5
V =2× 6 × =20
3

20.P is a point in rectangle ABCD.

Given the area of BPC=96 and the
area of APD=10% of rectangle
ABCD. What is the area of rectangle
ABCD?
 Answer: 240 square units
Solution:

Area1+ Area2= Area3+ Area 4

Since makes 10% of the total area

Area3+ Area 4 makes 50 % of the total area

should be 40%
Area3

Area4

Let x=total area

40
x=96
100

Combinatorics
x=240

21.There are 8 boys and 5 girls in a

class. Choose 3 boys and 2 girls to
form a dance crew. How many
way(s) is/are there in total?
 Answer:560
Solution:
¿ 8 C 3 ×5 C 2

22.Counting from 1 to 7777, how many

8! 5!
¿ × =56 × 10=560
5! × 3 ! 3 ! ×2 !

numbers are there that have exactly

two digit “5” and only one digit “7”?
Answer:88

Solution:
0,1,2,3,4,6 as thousands digit the 3
remaining digits must be 5,5,7
3!
¿6× =18
2!

5 as thousands digit the remaining 3

digits must be 5,7, (0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9)
7 as thousands digit, hundreds as
¿ 8 ×3 !=48

(0,1,2,3,4,6) the remaining two

digits must be 5
¿6
 7 as thousands digit, hundreds as 5
the remaining two digits must be 5,
(0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9)

23.Choose 3 digits , without repetition,

¿ 8 ×2 !=16
18+ 48+6+16=88

from 0,1,3,5,8,9 to construct 3-digit

numbers. Of these 3-digit numbers,
how many of them are divisible by
3?
Answer: 36
Solution:
By divisibility rule of 3 the sum of
the 3 numbers must be divisible by
3. Possible sum are.
9+3+ 0
9+5+ 1
9+ 8+1
8+3+ 1
8+1+ 0
5+1+0
5+3+1
¿ 7 ×3 !−6=36

24.How many positive integer(s) with

distinct digits and less than 300
is/are there?
 Answer:234
Solution:
3-digit:2 ×9 × 8=144
2-digit:9 × 9=81
1digit:9
25.Numbers are drawn from 1061
144+ 81+9=234

integers 9 to 1069. At least how

many number(s) is/are drawn at
random to ensure that there are two
numbers whose sum is 669.
Answer:736
Solution
9 pairs up with 660
10 pairs up with 659
9 to 660 are 652 numbers making
326 pairs
Numbers 661 to 1069 have no pair
making 409 numbers with no pair
Worst case scenario
409+ 326+1=736