URBANE JUNIOR COLLEGE

Plot No.261, Phase -1, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur, Hyderabad-500081

IIT JEE (Main) / Advanced/ EAMCET/CPT

Date : 28/05/2018 TEST ID: 515
Time : 19:28:00 Hrs. CHEMISTRY
Marks : 2336
12.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

Single Correct Answer Type 4) CH3 − C(CH3 ) = CHCH2 − Br

1. The IUPAC name of the compound 8. Which of the following is phenyl ethanoate?
HOOC − CH2 − CH − CH2 − CH2 − COOH 1)
|
COOH
1) 2(carboxymethyl)-pentane-l,5-dioic acid 2)
2) 3-carboxyhexane-l, 6-dioic acid
3) Butane-l, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid
4) 4-carboxyhexane-l, 6-dioic acid 3)
2. The correct IUPAC name

is 4)
1) 1- cyclopropyl cyclobutane
2) 1, 1-dicyclobutane
3) 1- cyclobutane-1- cyclopropane 9. Correct the structural formula of compound-5-
4) None of the above nitro-3-methoxy-3-methylhexanoyl chloride is
3. The IUPAC name of the compound (CH3 )2 CH − NO2 OCH3 O
CH = CH − CHOH − CH3 is | | ∥
1) 5-methyl-hex-3-en-2-ol 1) CH3 − CH − CH2 − C − CH2 − C − Cl
2) 2-methyl-hex-3-en-5-ol |
3) 2-hydroxy-5-nethyl-3-hexene CH3
4) 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-hexene NO2 Cl CH3
4. The IUPAC name of CH3 − CH = CH − C ≡ | | |
CH is 2) CH3 − CH − CH − C − CH2 − CHO
1) Pent-3-en-1-yne 2) Pent-3-en-4-yne |
3) Pent-2-en-4-yne 4) Pent-2-en-3-yne OCH3
5. The general formula Cn H2n O2 could be for CH3
open chain |
1) Diketones 2) Carboxylic acids 3) CH3 − CH2 − CH − CH2 − CH
3) Diols 4) Dialdehydes | |
6. The IUPAC name of C6 H5 COCl is Cl OCH3
1) Benzoyl chloride CH3 − CH2 − CH − C − CH − CH3
2) Benzene chloro ketone 4) | ∥ |
3) Benzene carbonyl chloride Cl O OCH3
4) Chloro phenyl ketone 10. The IUPAC name of an unsymmetrical ether
7. The correct structure of 4-bromo-3-methyl- with the molecular formula C4 H10 O
but-1-ene. 1) Ethoxy propane 2) Methoxy ethane
1) Br − CH = C(CH3 )2 3) Ethoxy ethane 4) Methoxy propane
2) CH2 = CH − CH(CH3 ) − CH2 Br 11. The IUPAC name of acryldehyde is
3) CH2 = C(CH3 )CH2 CH2 Br 1) Prop-2-en-1-al 2) Propenylaldehyde

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 3) But-2-en-1-al 4) Propenal 3) 3-methyl-3-methoxy propane
12. Which of the following represents 𝑛𝑒𝑜 −pentyl 4) Butoxy methane
alcohol? 19. 2, 3-dimethyl hexane contains ….. tertiary …..
1) CH3 CH(CH3 )CH2 CH2 OH
2) (CH3 )3 C − CH2 OH secondary and ……primary carbon atmos,
3) CH3 (CH2 )3 OH 4) CH3 CH2 CH(OH)C2 H5 respectively
13. The IUPAC name of 1) 2, 2, 1 2) 2, 4, 3
3) 4, 3, 2 4) 3, 2, 4
20. The correct IUPAC name of the following
compound is
CH3 CH2 CH − C = C − CHCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
| | |
1) 1,1-diethyl1-2, 2-dimethylpentane CH3 C2 H5 C2 H5
2) 4,4-dimethyl-5,5-diethylpentane 1) 5, 6-dimethyl-8-methyl dec-6-ene
3) 5, 5-diethyl-4,4-dimethylpentane 2) 6-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyl oct-4-ene
4) 3-ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane 3) 5, 6-diethyl-3-methyl dec-4-ene
14. IUPAC name of the compound 4) 2, 4, 5-triethyl non-3-ene
21. IUPAC name of
CH3 − CH − CH3 is
|
NH2
1) Dimethyl amine 2) 2-amino propane
3) Isopropylamine 4) 2-propanamine
22. The IUPAC name of CH3 − CH − CH = C − CHO
is
| |
A)5- methyl-4-isopropyl-6, 6’diethyloctane OH CH3
B)3, 3-dimethyl, 3-ethyl-5- isopropyl octane 1) 4-hydroxy-1-methylpentanal
C) 3, 3-diethyl-4-methyl-5-(1,1-dimethyl) 2) 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-en-1-al
octane 3) 2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-en-5-al
D 3, 3- diethyl-4-methyl-5-(1’-methylethyl) 4) 2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-en-5-al
) octane 23. The IUPAC name for tertiary butyl iodide is
15. Which one of the following is a secondary 1) 4-iodo butane
alcohol? 2) 2-iodo butane
1) 2-methyl-1-propanol 2) 2-methyl-2- 3) 1-iodo-3-methyl propane
propanol 4) 2-iodo-2-methyl propane
3) 2-butanol 4) l-butanol 24. Give the IUPAC name of the compound
16. Glyoxal is
1) CH2 OH − CH2 OH 2) CHO − CH2 OH
3) COOH − CO − COOH 4) CHO − CHO
17. IUPAC name of acraldehyde is
1) But-3-en-1-al 1) 1,1,3-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene
2) Propenyl aldehyde 2) 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene
3) But-2-ene-1-al 3) 1,1,5-trimethylcyclohex-5-ene
4) Prop-2-en-1-al 4) 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene
18. Write the IUPAC name of 25. H3 C − C = CH − CH − CH3
CH2 − O − CH − CH2 − CH3 | |
| Cl CH3
CH3 1) 2-chloro-4-methyl-2-pentene
1) 3-methoxy butane 2) 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-pentene
2) 2-methoxy butane 3) 4-methyl-2-chloro-2-pentene

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 4) 2-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-butene
26. IUPAC name of the following compound is

1) 3, 5-dimethylcyclohexene
2) 3, 5-dimethly-1-cyclohexene 1) 4-bromo-3-cynophenoal
3) 1, 5-dimethly-5-cyclohexene 2) 2-bromo-5-hydroxybenzonitrile
4) 1, 3-dimethyl-5-cyclohexene 3) 2-cyano-4-hydroxybromobenzene
27. IUPAC name of (CH3 )3 CClis 4) 6-bromo-3-hydroxybenzonitrile
1) 𝑛-butyl chloride 33. The IUPAC name of C2 H5 − o − CH
2) 3-chloro butane
3) 2-chloro 2-methyl propane
4) 𝑡 −butyl chloride
is
28. The epoxide ring consists of which of the
following?
1) Ethoxy propane 2) 1, 1-dimethyl ether
1) Three membered ring with two carbon and
2-ethoxy 𝑖𝑠𝑜- 4) 2-ethoxy propane
one oxygen 3)
propane
2) Four membered ring with three carbon and
34. The IUPAC name of CH3 − C − CH − CH3 is
one oxygen
∥ |
3) Five membered ring with four carbon and
O CH3
one oxygen.
1) 2-methyl-3- 2) 3-methyl-butan-2-
4) Six membered ring with five carbon and one
butanone one
oxygen.
3) 3-methyl butanone 4) None of these
29. What will be the compound if two valencies of
35. CH3 − CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH3
carbonyl group are satisfied by two alkyl
|
groups?
OC2 H5
1) Aldehyde 2) Ketone
the IUPAC name is
3) Acid 4) Acidic anhydride
1) 2-ethoxy pentane 2) 4-ethoxy pentane
30. The IUPAC name of the following compound is
3) Pentyl-ethyl ether 4) 2-pentoxy ethane
36. IUPAC name of
CH3 CH2 C(Br) = CH − Cl is
1) 2-bromo-1-chloro butene-1
2) 1-chloro-2-bromo butene-1
1) Propionic anhydride
3) 3-chloro-2-bromo butene-2
2) Dipropanoic anhydride
4) None of the above
3) Ethoxy propanoic acid
37. Which one of the following is s-butyl
4) Propanoic anhydride
phynylvinyl methane?
31. What is the formula of tertiary butyl alcohol?
1)
1) CH3 − CH(CH3 ) − CH2 − OH
2) CH3 − (CH2 )2 OH
3) CH3 − CH(OH) − CH2 − CH3
4) (CH3 )3 . C − OH
32. The IUPAC name of the following compound, is 2)

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 3) 44.

4) The IUPAC name of is

1) 2-methyl-3-bromohexanal
2) 3-bromo-2-methylbutanal
38. The IUPAC name of neopentane is 3) 2-bromo-3-bromobutanal
1) 2-methylbutane 2) 2,2- 4) 3-bromo-2-methylpentanal
dimethylpropane 45. 𝑡-butyl alcohol is
3) 2-methylpropane 4) 2,2-dimethyl butane 1) 2-methyl propane-2-ol
39. 2) 2-methyl propane-1-ol
3) 3-methyl butan-1-ol
4) 3-methyl butan-2-ol
The IUPAC name of is 46. Acetonitrile is
1) But-3-enoic acid 2) But-1-enoic acid 1) CH3 CN 2) CH3 COCN
3) Pent-4-enoic acid 4) Prop-2-enoic acid 3) C2 H5 CN 4) C6 H5 CN
40. IUPAC name of CH3 − CH − CH2 − CHO is 47. The IUPAC name of the compound CH3 CONHBr
| is
Cl 1) 1-bromoacetamide 2) ethanoylbromide
1) 3-chlorobutanol 3) N-bromoethanamide 4) None of these
2) 3-chlorobutanaldehyde 48. The IUPAC name of (CH3 )3 C − CH = CH2 is
3) 3-chlorobutanal 1) 1, 1, 1-trimethyl-2-propene
4) 2-chlorobutanol 2) 3, 3, 3-trimethyl-2-propene
41. What is the correct IUPAC name of 3) 2, 2-dimethyl-3-butene
4) 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butene
49. Glycerine contains
1) 1° carbon
2) 2° carbon
3) 3° carbon
4) Both 1° and 2° carbon
50. Give the IUPAC name for,
O O
1) 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde
∥ ∥
2) 4-formyl-3-nitro anisole
H3 C − CH2 − C − H2 C − CH2 − C − OCH3
3) 4-methoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde
1) Ethyl-4- oxoheptanoate
4) 2-formyl-5-methoxy nitrobenzene
2) Methyl-4- oxoheptanoate
42. Give the correct IUPAC name for
3) ethyl-4- oxohexanoate
CH3
4) Methyl 4- oxohexanoate
|
51. Which of the following is a primary halide?
CH3 . CH2 OCH. CH2 . CH2 . CH2 Cl
1) Isopropyl iodide
1) 2-ethoxy-5-chloropentane
2) Secondary butyl iodide
2) l-chloro-4-ethoxy-4-methylbutane
3) Tertiary butyl bromide
3) 1-chloro-4-ethoxypentane
4) Neo hexyl chloride
4) Ethyl-1-chloropentylether
52. The systematic (IUPAC) name of the
43. The chemical name of anisole is
compound with the following structural
1) Ethanoic acid 2) Methoxy benzene
formula shall be
3) Propanone 4) Acetone

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 𝐶𝐻3
2-methyl-3-pentanone
CH3 CHCHCH3
| |
4)
H3 C OH
2-methyl-3-butanol
1) 1-ethyl-2-methyl cyclohexene
57. Bicyclo (1,1,0) butane is
2) 2-methyl-1-ethyl cyclohexene
1) 2)
3) 3-ethyl-2-methyl cyclohexene
4) 4-ethyl-3-methyl cyclohexene
53. IUPAC name of 3) 4)
CH2 = CH − CH(CH2 CH3 )C = CH2
|
Br
58. The compound which contains all the four 1°,
1) 4-bromo-3-ethyl-1,4-pentadiene
2°, 3° and 4° carbon atoms is
2) 2-bromo-3-ethyl-1,4pentadiene
1) 2, 3-dimethylpentane
3) 2-bromo-3-ethyl-1-5-pentadiene
2) 3-chloro-2, 3-dimethylpentane
4) None of the above
3) 2, 3, 4-trimethylpentane
54. The IUPAC name of
4) 3, 3-dimethylpentane
Cl
59. Crown ethers are named as X-crown-Y. In the
|
following crown ether, X and Y are respectively
CH3 − C − CH2 − CH = CH − CH3
|
H
1) 5-chloro-hex-2-ene
2) 2-chloro-hex-5-ene
3) l-chloro-1-methyl-pent-3-ene
4) 5-chloro-5-methyl-pent-2-ene
55. The correct IUPAC name of the acid

1) 6 and 12 2) 18 and 6
3) 24 and 6 4) 6 and 24
60. Write the IUPAC name of
1) Z-3-ethyl-4-methyl hex-3-en-1-oic acid
OH
2) Z-3-ethyl-4-methyl hexanoic acid
|
3) Z-3, 4-diethylpent-3-en-1-oic acid
CH3 − CH2 − C − CH2 − CH3
4) E-3-ethyl-4-methylhex-4-en-1-oic acid
|
56. Which of the following compounds has
CH3
incorrect IUPAC nomenclature?
1) 3-methylpentane-3-ol
O
2) 3-hydroxyhexane
∥
1) 3) 3-hydroxy-3-methyl pentane
CH3 CH2 CH2 COC2 H5
4) All of the above
ethylbutanoate
61. The IUPAC name of compound shown below is
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝐶𝐻2 𝐶𝐻𝑂
|
2)
𝐶𝐻3
3-methyl butanal
𝑂
∥
3)
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝐶𝐶𝐻2 𝐶𝐻3
1) 2-bromo-6- chlorocyclohex-1-ene
|
2) 6-bromo-2-chlorocyclohexene

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 3) 3-bromo-1-chlorocyclohexene
4) 1-bromo-3-chlorocyclohexene
62. The correct decreasing order of priority for the
functional groups of organic compounds in the
IUPAC system of nomenclature is
1) −COOH, −SO3 H, −CONH2 , −CHO is
2) −SO3 H, −COOH, −CONH2 , −CHO 1) 1- cyclohexa-2,4-dienylethanone
3) −CHO, −COOH, SO3 H, −CONH2 2) 3- cyclohexa-2,4-dienylethanone
4) −CONH2 , −CHO, −SO3 H, −COOH 3) 1- cyclohexa-3,5-dienylethanone
63. The IUPAC name of the compound, 4) 3- cyclohexa-3,5-dienylethanone
CH2 − CH − COOH 70. In cyclopropane, cyclobutane and cyclohexane,
| | the common group is
OH NH2 | |
1) 2-amino-3-hydroxy propanoic acid 1) −𝐶 − 2) 𝐶𝐻2
2) 1-hydroxy-2-amino propan-3-oic acid | |
3) 1-amino-2-hydroxypropanoic acid |
4) 3-hydroxy-2-amino propanoic acid 3) −CH3 4) −𝐶𝐻
64. The IUPAC name of the compound |
71. The IUPAC name of
CH3
|
CH3 − CH − CH2 − C − CH3
| |
1) 3, 3-dimethyl-1-hydroxy cyclohexane
OH OH
2) 1, 1-dimethyl-3- hydroxy cyclohexane
1) 1, 1-dimethyl-1, 3-butanediol
3) 3, 3- dimethy-1- cyclohexanol
2) 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol
4) 1,1-dimethyl-3-cyclohexanol
3) 4-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol
65. The number of secondary hydrogens in 2, 2-
4) l, 3, 3-trimethyl-1, 3-propane diol
dimethyl butane is
72. The IUPAC name of the following compound is
1) 8 2) 6 3) 4 4) 2
66. The IUPAC name of CH3 − CH2 − CHO
1) Propanal-1 2) 2-methylbutanal
3) Butanal-1 4) Pentanal-1
67. The correct name for the following
hydrocarbon is

1) Bicyclo [2,2,0] 2) Bicyclo [0,2,2]

1) Tricycle [4.1.0]heptane octane hexane
2) Bicyclo [5.2.1] heptane 3) Bicyclo [2,1,1] 4) Bicyclo [2,2,0]
3) Bicyclo [4.1.0] heptane hexane hexane
4) Bicyclo [4.1.0] hexane 73. The IUPAC name of
68. The IUPAC name of compound, CH3 − C ≡ CH(CH3 )2 is
C2 H5 − C − CH2 OH is 1) 4-methyl-2-pentyne
∥ 2) 4, 4-dimethyl-2-butyne
CH2 3) methyl isopropyl acetylene
1) 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-ol 4) 2-methyl-4-pentyne
2) 2-hydroxymethylbutan -1-0l 74. Glycerol is an alcohol which can be classified as
3) 2-methylenebutan-1-0l 1) Trihydric 2) Monohydric
4) 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-ene 3) Dihydric 4) Hexahydric
69. The IUPAC name of 75. The IUPAC name of CH3 COCH(CH3 )2 is
1) Isopropylmethyl ketone
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 2) 2-methyl-3-butanone 3) 4)
3) 4-methylisopropyl ketone
4) 3-methyl-2-butanone
76. The IUPAC name of H3 C − CH − C3 H7 is
|
OC3 H7
1) 4-propoxy pentane 2) Pentyl-propyl ether 82. Electromeric effect is
3) 2-propoxy pentane 4) 2-pentoxy propane 1) Permanent effect 2) Temporary effect
77. IUPAC name of the compound 3) Resonance effect 4) Inductive effect
83. The electrophile, 𝐸 attacks the benzene ring
⨁

to generate the intermediate 𝜎 −complex. Of

the following, which 𝜎 −complex is of lowest
energy?
1) 2)
1) 4-isoprophyl, 6-methyl octane
2) 3-methyl, 5-(1-methylethyl) octane
3) 3-methyl, 5-isopropyl octane
4) 6-methyl, 4-(1-methylethyl) octane
78. Pick out the correct statement from the
following and choose the correct answer from
the codes given below 3) 4)
1. Hexa-1, 5-diene is a conjugated diene
2. Prop-1, 2-diene is conjugated diene
3. Hexa-1, 3-diene is a conjugated diene
4. Buta-1, 3-diene is an isolated diene
5. Prop-1, 2-diene is a cumulative diene
1) I,II 2) II, III 3) IV, V 4) II, V
79. Di-chloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than
84. Chloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic
acetic acid.
acid. This can be explained using
This due to occurrence of
1) −𝑀 effect 2) −𝐼 effect
1) Mesomeric effect 2) Hyperconjugation
3) +𝑀effect 4) +𝐼 effect
3) Inductive effect 4) Steric effect
85. Which of the following has most acidic
80.
hydrogen?
product. 1) 3-hexanone 2) 2, 4-hexanedione
Predominant product is 3) 2, 4-hexanedione 4) 2, 3-hexanedione
1) 86. The reaction intermediate produced, by
homolytic cleavage of a bond is called
1) Carbene 2) Carbocation
2) R 3 N − CH2 − CH2 − Br 3) Carbanion 4) Free redical
3) 87. Which one of the following compounds, is most
acidic?
4) No reaction 2)
81. Which of the following is most basic? Cl − CH2 − CH2
1)
1) 2) − OH

3) 4)

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88. Which of the following is the weakest base? CH4 (A), C2 H6 (B) and CH3 Br(C), under
1) Ethyl amine 2) Ammonia identical experimental conditions
3) Dimethyl amine 4) Methyl amine 1) C>B>A 2) B>C>A
89. Chlorobenzene is 0, p-directing in electrophilic 3) C>A>B 4) A>B>C
substituting reaction. The directing influence is 98. Amongst the following, the total number of
explained by compounds soluble in aqueous NaOH is
1) +𝑀 of Ph 2) +𝐼 of Cl
3) +𝑀 of Cl 4) −𝐼 of Ph
90. Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
This can be explained using
1) +𝑀effect 2) −𝐼 effect
3) +𝐼 effect 4) −𝑀 effect
91. C – H bond energy is about101 kcal/mol for
methane, ethane and other alkanes but is
only77 kcal/mol for C – H bond of CH3 in
toluene. This is because
1) Of inductive effect due to –𝐶𝐻3 in toluene
2) Of the presence of benzene ring in toluene
3) Of resonance among the structures of benzyl
radical in toluene
4) Aromaticity of toluene
92. Amongst the following the compound that can
most readily get sulphonated is
1) Benzene 2) Toluene
3) Nitrobenzene 4) Chlorobenzene
93. Mesomeric effect involves delocalisation of
1) Pi-electrons 2) Sigma electrons
3) Protons 4) None of these
94. The correct stability order for the following
species as

1) II>IV>I>III 2) I>II>III>IV
3) II>I>IV>III 4) I>III>II>IV 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
95. The basicity of aniline is less than that of 99. Which of the chloride is less reactive towards
cyclohexylamine. This is due to hydrolysis?
1) +R effect of – 𝑁𝐻2 group 1) Vinyl chloride 2) Allyl chloride
2) -I effect of – 𝑁𝐻2 group 3) Ethyl chloride 4) 𝑡 −butyl chloride
3) -R effect of –𝑁𝐻2 group
100. The rate of the reaction,
4) Hyperconjugation effect
96. Arrange in order of increasing acidic strength.

1) X>Z>Y 2) Z<X>Y is influenced by the hyper conjugation effect of

3) X>Y>Z 4) Z>X>Y group R. If R sequentially is
97. The correct order for homolytic bond I. 𝐶𝐻3 −
dissociation energies. (∆𝐻in kcal/mol) for
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 𝐼𝐼. 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 −
III.𝐻3 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻 −
|
𝐶𝐻3
𝐶𝐻3
|
IV. 𝐻3 𝐶 − 𝐶 −
| 1) (III)>(IV)>(II)>(I) 2) (IV)>(III)>(I)>(II)
𝐶𝐻3 3) (III)>(II)>(I)>(IV) 4) (II)>(III)>(IV)>(I)
the increasing order of speed of the above 104. CH3 CH2 Cl undergoes homolytic fission,
reaction is produces
1) IV, III, II, I 2) I, II, III, IV 1) 2)
3) I, IV, III, II 4) III, II, I, IV
101. Among the following the least stable resonance
3) 4)
structure is
1)
105. Inductive effect involves
1) Delocalisation of 𝜎-electrons
2) Displacement of 𝜎-electrons
3) Delocalisation of 𝜋 −electrons
4) Displacement of 𝜋-electrons
2) 106. The highest electrical conductivity of the
following aqueous solutions is of
1) 0.1 M difluoroacetic acid
2) 0.1 M fluoroacetic acid
3) 0.1 M chloroacetic acid
4) 0.1 M acetic acid
3)
107. On exciting Cl2 molecules by UV light, we get
1) Cl• 2) Cl+
3) Cl− 4) All of these
108. Which of the following resonating structures of
1-methoxy-1, 3-butadiene is least stable?
4) 1)

2)

3)
102. Given,

4)

109. Which of the following species does not exert a

resonance effect?
+
1) C6 H5 NH2 2) C H NH
6 5 3
3) C6 H5 OH 4) C6 H5 Cl
The decreasing order of the acidic character is
110. Which of the following aromatic acid is most
1) A>B<C 2) B>A>C
acidic?
3) B>C>A 4) C>B>A
103. The correct acidity order of the following is

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 1) 2) 118. Among the following compounds, the most
acidic is
1) 𝑝-nitrophenol
2) 𝑝-hydroxybenzoic acid
3) 𝑜-hydroxybenzoic acid
4) 𝑝-toluic acid
3) 4) 119. Which of the aldehyde is most reactive?
1) C6 H5 − CHO
2) CH3 CHO
3) HCHO
4) All the equally reactive
120. Orbital interaction between the 𝜎-bonds of a
substituent group and a neighbouring 𝜋-orbital
is known as
111. Which kind of fission is favoured by sunlight? 1) Hyperconjugation
1) Heterolytic fission 2) Homolytic fission 2) Inductive effect
3) Both (a) and (b) 4) None of these 3) Steric effect
112. Phenol is more acidic than 4) Electric quadrapole interactions
1) 2) 121. The total number of contributing structures
showing hyperconjugation
(involving – C – H bonds) for the following
carbocation is

3) C2 H2 4) Both (a) and (c)

113. Hyperconjugation involves overlap of the
following orbitals 1) Three 2) Five
1) 𝜎- 𝜎 2) 𝜎 − 𝜌 3) Eight 4) Six
3) 𝑝 − 𝑝 4) 𝜋 − 𝜋 122. Which is the most stable carbocation?
114. The kind of delocalisation involving sigma 1) 𝑖𝑠𝑜- propyl cation
bond is called 2) Triphenylmethyl cation
1) Inductive effect 3) Ethyl cation
2) Hyperconjugation effect 4) 𝑛-propyl cation
3) Electromeric effect 123. Consider the following carbocations,
4) Mesomeric effect
115. Which of the following is the most stable
cation?
1) 2)
1) II<I<III<IV 2) II<III<I<IV
3) 4) 3) III<I<II<IV 4) IV<III<I<II
116. The correct order of increasing basicity of the 124. Geometry of methyl free radical is
given conjugate bases (R=𝐶𝐻3 ) is 1) Pyramidal 2) Planar
1) RCOO̅ < 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C̅ < R ̅<𝑁 ̅H2 3) Tetrahedral 4) Linear
̅ < 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C̅ < 𝑅𝐶𝑂O
2) R ̅<N ̅ H2 125. Which one of the following carbanions is the
̅
3) RCOO < 𝑁H2 < 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C < R̅ ̅ least stable?
̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ 1) CH3 CH2− 2) HC ≡ C−
4) RCOO < 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C < NH2 < R
3) (C6 H5 )3 C− 4) CH3−
117. +I effect is shown by
126. Hydride shift from C-2 will give the most stable
1) −CH3 2) −Br 3) −Cl 4) −NO2
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 resonance stabilized carbocation as 1) Dichloro carbene 2) Trichloro carbene
1) CH3 at C − 4 2) H at C – 4 3) Chlorine atoms 4) Chlorine molecules
3) CH3 at C − 2 4) H at C-2 136. The increasing order of stability of the
127. Which of the following is not true for following free radicals are
carbanions? 1)
1) The carbon carrying the charge has eight
valence electrons
2) They are formed by heterolytic fission 2)
3) They are paramagnetic
The carbon carrying the charge is 𝑠𝑝 3 3)
4)
hydridised
128. Which chlorine atom is more electronegative
in the following? 4)
1) CH3 − Cl 2) CH3 − CH2 − Cl
CH3 CH3 137. Relative stabilities of the following
| | carbocations will be in the order
3) H − C − Cl 4) CH3 − CH2 − C − Cl
| |
CH3 CH3
129. Due to the presence of an unpaired electron 1) C>B>A 2) C<B<A
free radicals are 3) B>C>A 4) C>A>B
1) Cations 2) Anions 138. Arrange the carbanions,
3) Chemically inactive 4) Chemically reactive (CH3 )3 C̅, C̅Cl3 , (CH3 )2 C̅H, C6 H5 C̅H2 , in order of
130. Which of the following intermediate have the their decreasing stability
complete octet around the carbon atom? 1) C6 H5 C̅H2 > C̅Cl3 > (CH3 )2 C̅ > (CH3 )2 C̅H
1) Carbonium ion 2) Carbanion 2) (CH3 )2 C̅H > C̅Cl3 > C6 H5 CH2 > (CH3 )3 C̅
3) Free radical 4) Carbene 3) C̅Cl3 > C6 H5 C̅H2 > (CH3 )2 C̅H > (CH3 )3 C̅
131. Most stable carbonium ion is 4) (CH3 )3 C̅ > (CH3 )2 C̅H > C̅H2 > C̅Cl3
1) 2) 139. Consider thiol anion (𝑅𝑆 ⊖ )and alkoxy
anion(𝑅𝑆 ⊖ ). Which of the following statement
3) 4)
is correct?
132. The compound which gives the most stable 𝑅𝑆 ⊖ is less basic and less nucleophilic than
1) ⊖
carbonium ion on dehydration is 𝑅𝑂
1) CH3 CH(CH3 )CH2 OH 2) (CH3 )3 COH 𝑅𝑆 ⊖ is less basic but more nucleophilic than
2) ⊖
CH3 CHOHCH2 𝑅𝑂
3) CH2 = CHCH2 CH2 OH 4)
− CH3 𝑅𝑆 ⊖ is less basic and more nucleophilic than
3) ⊖
133. Which one of the nitrogen atoms in 𝑅𝑂
O 𝑅𝑆 ⊖ is more basic but less nucleophilic than
4) ⊖
∥ 𝑅𝑂
𝐻2 𝑁 − 𝑁𝐻 − 𝐶 − 𝑁𝐻2 is the most 140. With a change in hybridisation of the carbon
nucleophilic? bearing the charge, the stability of a carbanion
I II III increase in the order
1) III 2) I 1) sp < 𝑠p2 < 𝑠p3 2) sp < 𝑠p3 < 𝑠p2
3) II 4) All three N atoms 3) sp3 < 𝑠p2 < 𝑠𝑝 4) sp2 < 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠p3
134. Bromination of alkanes involves 141. Which of the following orders regarding
1) Carbanions 2) Carbocations relative stability of free radicals is correct?
3) Carbenes 4) Free radicals 1) 3°<2°<1° 2) 3°>2°>1°
135. Reaction of phenol with chloroforms/sodium 3) 1°<2°>3° 4) 3°>2°<1°
hydroxide to give 𝑜-hydroxy benzaldehyde 142. Which of the following requires radical
involves the formation of
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 intermediate?
CH3 − CH = CH2 + HBr
⟶ CH3 − CH − CH3
1)
|
Br
2)

CH3 − CH = CH2 + HBr

3)
→ CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − Br
H+
4) CH3 CHO + NH2 OH → CH3 − CH
= N − OH
143. Most stable carbonium ion is
1) 2)
it is true that
3) 4) 1) All four are chiral compounds
2) Only I and II are chiral compounds
144. Due to presence of an unpaired electron, free 3) Only III is a chiral compound
radicals are 4) Only II and IV are chiral compounds
1) Cations 2) Anions 152. Geometrical isomerism is possible in
3) Chemically inactive 4) Chemically reactive 1) Acetone-oxime 2) Isobutene
145. The number of stereoisomers possible for a 3) Acetophenone-oxime4) Benzophenone-
compound of the molecular formula CH3 − oxime
CH = CH − CH(OH) − Me is 153. The total number of acylic iosmers including
1) 3 2) 2 3) 4 4) 6 the stereoisomers (geometrical and optical),
146. Which of the following compounds is not with the molecular formula C4 H7 Cl is
chiral? 1) 12 2) 11 3) 10 4) 9
1) 1-chloro-2-methyl pentane 154. The maximum number of possible optical
2) 2-chloropentane isomers in 1-bromo-2-methyl cyclobutane is
3) 1-chloropentane 1) 4 2) 2 3) 8 4) 16
4) 3-chloro-2-methyl pentane 155. The number of isomers of the compound with
147. The number of isomers in C4 H10 O are molecular formula C2 H2 Br2is
1) 7 2) 8 3) 6 4) 5 1) 4 2) 3 3) 5 4) 2
148. Least stable conformer of cyclohexane is 156. Geometrical isomerism is shown by
1) Chair 2) Boat 1) − 𝐶 – 𝐶 – 2)
3) Twist boat 4) Planar hexagon 3) −𝐶 ≡ 𝐶 − 4) None of these
149. Which of the following compounds exhibit 157. Out of the following, the alkene that exhibits
stereoisomerism? optical isomerism is
1) 3-methyl butyne –1 1) 3-methyl-2-pentene 2) 4-methyl-1-pentene
2) 2-methyl butene –1 3) 3-methyl-1-pentene 4) 2-methyl-2-pentene
3) 2-methyl butanoic acid 158. According to Gahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence
4) 3-methyl butanoic acid rules, the correct order of priority for the given
150. Which of the following compounds is optically group is
active? 1) −COOH > −𝐶H2 OH > −𝑂𝐻 > −𝐶𝐻𝑂
1) (CH3 )2 CHCH2 OH 2) CH3 CH2 OH 2) −COOH > −𝐶𝐻𝑂 > −𝐶H2 OH > −𝑂𝐻
3) CCl2 F2 4) CH3 CHOHC2 H5 3) −OH > −𝐶H2 OH > −𝐶𝐻𝑂 > −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
151. Among the following four structures I to IV 4) −OH > −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 > −𝐶𝐻𝑂 > −𝐶H2 OH
159. Which types of isomerism is shown by 2, 3-
dichlorobutane?

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 1) Structural 2) Geometric 168. An enantiomerically pure acid is treated with
3) Optical 4) Diastereo racemic mixture of an alcohol having one chiral
160. The structures (𝐶𝐻3 )3 CBr and 𝐶𝐻3 [𝐶𝐻2 ]3 Br carbon. The ester formed will be
represent 1) Optically active mixture
1) Chain isomerism 2) Pure enantiomer
2) Position isomerism 3) Meso compound
3) Chain as well as position isomerism 4) Racemic mixture
4) Functional isomerism 169. Select R-isomers from the following
161. Number of isomers possible for 𝐶4 𝐻8 𝑂 is
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
162. Ethyl acetoacetate shows, which type of
isomerism?
1) Chain 2) Optical
3) Metamerism 4) Tautomerism
163. How many chiral carbon atoms are present in
2, 3, 4- trichloropentane?
1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
164. One of the following compounds exhibit
geometrical iosmerism
1) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 1) I and III 2) II, IV and V
2) CH3 − HC(CH3 ) − H(C)CH3 − CH3 3) I, II and III 4) II and III
3) CH3 − HC(CH3 ) − CH3 170. How many optically active stereoisomers are
4) CH3 CH = CH − CH3 possible for butane-2, 3-diol?
165. Tautomerism is exhibited by 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
1) 171. 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶 ≡ 𝑁 and 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁 ≡ 𝐶 exhibit which type
of isomerism?
1) Position 2) Functional
3) Metamerism 4) Dextroisomerism
2)
172. The following compound differ in

3)

1) Configuration 2) Conformation
3) Structure 4) Chirality
4) 173. Which of the following compounds (s) has ‘Z’
configuration?

166. The number of isomeric alkenes with

molecular formula C6 H12 are
1) 8 2) 10 3) 11 4) 13
167. With a change in hybridisation of the carbon
1) (i) only 2) (ii) only
bearing the charge, the stability of a carbanion
3) (iii) only 4) (i) and (iii)
increase in the order
174. Which of the following will have a 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜-
1) sp < 𝑠p2 < 𝑠p3 2) sp < 𝑠p3 < 𝑠p2 isomer also?
3) sp3 < 𝑠p2 < 𝑠𝑝 4) sp2 < 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠p3 1) 2-chlorobutane

P a g e | 13
 2) 2, 3-dichlorobutane 1) 2)
3) 2, 3-dichloropentane
4) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
175. Identify the compound that exhibits
tautomerism
1) 2-butene 2) Lactic acid 3) 4)
3) 2-pentanone 4) Phenol
176. Which one of the following compound will
show optical iosmerism?
1) (CH3 )2 − CH − CH2 − CH3
2) CH3 − CHOH − CH3 183. The number of optically active isomers of
3) CH3 − CHCl − CH2 − CH3 tartaric acid are
4) CH3 − CCl2 − CH2 − CH3 1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 2
177. The alkene that exhibits geometrical 184. Which among the following statements is
isomerism is correct with respect to the optical isomers?
1) Propene 2) 2-methyl propene 1) Enantimoers are non-superimposable
3) 2-butene 4) 2-methyl-2-butene mirror images.
178. The total number of cyclic structural as well as 2) Diastereomers are superimposable mirror
stero isomers possible for a compound with images.
the molecular formula 𝐶5 𝐻10 is 3) Enantimoers are superimposable mirror
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 7 image.
179. Which of the following does not contain chiral 4) 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜 forms have no plane of symmetry.
carbon atom? 185. Increasing order of stability among the three
1) Lactic acid 2) 2-chlorobutanoic main conformations (i.e.,
acid 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒, 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖, 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒) of 2-fluoroethanol is
3) Tartaric acid 4) Succinic acid 1) 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒, 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒, 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖2) 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒, 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒, 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖
180. The absolute configuration of the following 3) 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒, 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖, 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒4) 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖, 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒, 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒
186. The total number of cyclic isomers possible for
a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula
C4 H6 is
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
187. Which of the following is an optically active
compound?
are 1) Lactic acid 2) Chloro acetic acid
1) 2S, 3R 2) 2S, 3S 3) 2R, 3S 4) 2R, 3R 3) 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜-tartaric acid 4) Acetic acid
181. Amongst the following compounds, the 188. Which type of isomerism is shown by propanal
optically active alkane having lowest molecular and propanone?
mass is 1) Functional group 2) Metamerism
1) CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 3) Tautomerism 4) Chain isomerism
CH3 189.
2) |
CH3 − CH2 − CH − CH3
3)

Compound can exhibit

1) Geometrical isomerism
2) Tautomerism
4) CH3 − CH2 − C ≡ CH 3) Optical isomerism
182. Maximum enol content is in 4) Geometrical and optical isomerism
190. How many structural isomers are possible for
C4 H9 Cl?

P a g e | 14
 1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 10 202. The number of isomeric hexanes is
191. Maleic acid and fumaric acid are 1) 5 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) Position isomers 2) Geometric isomers 203. The number of isomers for the compound with
3) Enantimoers 4) Functional isomers the molecular formula C2 BrClFI is
192. How many chiral isomers can be drawn from 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
2-bromo, 3-chloro butane? 204. Metamers of ethyl propionate are
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5 1) C4 H9 COOH and HCOOC4 H9
193. Racemic mixture is formed by mixing two 2) C4 H9 COOH and CH3 COOC3 H7
1) Isomeric compounds 3) CH3 COOCH3 and CH3 COOC3 H7
2) Chiral compounds 4) CH3 COOC3 H7 and C3 H7 COOCH3
3) 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 compounds 205. CH3 CH2 OH and CH3 OCH3 are the example of
4) Enantiomers with chiral carbon 1) Chain isomerism 2) Functional
194. What is the number of possible optical isomers isomerism
in glucose? 3) Position isomerism 4) Metamerism
1) 3 2) 4 3) 12 4) 16 206. 𝐶𝑖𝑠 − 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠, isomers generally
195. The number of 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 forms in the following 1) Contain an asymmetric carbon atom
compound is 2) Rotate the plane of polarized light
HOOC. CH(CH3 ). CH(OH). 3) Are enantiomorphs
CH(Cl). CH(OH)CH(CH3 ). 4) Contain a double bonded carbon atoms
COOH 207. Geometrical isomerism is not shown by
1) 3 1) 1, 1-dichloro-1-pentene
2) 4 2) 1,2-dichloro-1-pentene
3) 8 3) 1, 3-dichloro-2-pentene
4) 16 4) 1, 4-dichloro-2-pentene
196. Which of the following compounds will show 208. Tautomerism is not exhibited by
metamerism? 1)
1) CH3 − CO − C2 H5 2) C2 H5 − S − C2 H5
3) CH3 − O − CH3 4) CH3 − O − C2 H5
197. Which of the following compounds exhibits 2)
rotamers?
1) 2-butene 2) Maleic acid
3) Butane 4) Fumeric acid
198. 2-pentanone and 3-methyl-2-butanone are a
pair of ….. isomers.
1) Functional 2) Chain
3) Positional 4) Stereo 3)
199. In the compound,

4)

209. Angle strain in cyclopropane is

Configuration at 𝐶2 and 𝐶3 atoms are 1) 24°44’ 2) 9°44’ 3) 44’ 4) -5°16’
1) 𝑆, 𝑆 2) 𝑅, 𝑆 3) 𝑆, 𝑅 4) 𝑅, 𝑅 210. Which of the following molecules is achiral?
200. Enol content is highest in
1) Acetone 2) Acetophenone
3) Acetic acid 4) Acetyl acetone
201. In fructose, the possible optical isomers are
1) 12 2) 8 3) 16 4) 4
P a g e | 15
 1) 2) 4)

3) 4)
215. Geometrical isomerism is possible in case of
1) Pentene-2 2) Propane
3) Pentane 4) Ethene
211. The absolute configuration of 216. Which one of the following shows functional
isomerism?
1) C2 H4 2) C3 H6
3) C2 H5 OH 4) CH2 Cl2
217. 𝑛-pentane, iso-pentane, and 𝑛𝑒𝑜 – pentane are
1) S, S 2) R, R 3) R, S 4) S, R examples for isomers of the type
212. Different structures generated due to rotation 1) Geometrical 2) Optical
about, C – C axis, of an organic molecule, are 3) Chain 4) Positional
examples of 218. Which one of the following is the most
1) Geometrical isomerism energetic conformation of cyclohexane?
2) Conformational isomerism 1) Boat 2) Twisted boat
3) Optical isomerism 3) Chair 4) Half chair
4) Structural isomerism 219. The number of optical isomers of
213. Which of the following will exhibit 𝑐𝑖𝑠 − 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 CH3 CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO is
isomerism? 1) Zero 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) CH2 Br − CH2 Br 2) CBr3 − CH3 220. How many isomers are possible for the alkane
3) CHBr = CHBr 4) CBr2 = CH2 C4 H10?
214. Which of the following Fischer’s projection 1) 3 2) 5 3) 2 4) 4
formula is identical to D-glyceraldehyde? 221. Which of the following shows geometrical
1) isomerism?
1) C2 H5 Br 2) (CH2 )(COOH)2
3) (CH)2 (COOH)2 4) C2 H6
222. The optical isomers, which are not
enantiomers, are called
1) Conformer 2) Diastereomer
3) Mirror images 4) None of these
2) 223. Which of the following is the correct order of
priority of groups in D-glyceraldehyde?
1) OH(1), CHO(2), CH2 OH(3)and H(4)
2) OH (1), CH2 OH(2), CHO(3)and H(4)
3) CH2 OH(1), CHO(2), OH(3)and H(4)
4) CHO(1), OH(2), CH2 OH(3) and H(4)
3) 224. The isomers which are interconverted through
rotation around a single bond are
1) Conformers 2) Diastereomers
3) Enantiomers 4) Position isomers
225. In this reaction,
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝑂 + 𝐻𝐶𝑁 ⟶ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻(𝑂𝐻)𝐶𝑁
𝐻.𝑂𝐻
→ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻(𝑂𝐻)𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
an asymmetric centre is generated. The acid
obtained would be

P a g e | 16
 1) 50%D+50%L- 2) 20%D+80%L- 3) Their melting point
isomer isomer 4) Their solubility in achiral reagents
3) D-isomer 4) L-isomer 235. The two optical isomers given below, namely
226. The number of stereoisomers obtained by
bromination of 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 − 2 −butene is?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
227. Nitroethane can exhibit one of the following
kind of isomerism
1) Metamerism 2) Optical activity
3) Tautomerism 4) Position isomerism
228. The compound, whose stereo-chemical 1) Enantiomers
formula is written below, exhibits 𝑥 2) Geometrical isomers
geometrical isomers and y optical isomers 3) Diastereomers
4) Structural isomers
236. The total number of acyclic isomers including
the stereoisomers with the molecular formula
C4 H7 Cl
1) 11 2) 12 3) 9 4) 10
The values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are 237. Example of geometrical isomerism is
1) 4 and 4 2) 2 and 2 1) 2-butanol 2) 2-butene
3) 2 and 4 4) 4 and 2 3) Butanal 4) 2-butyne
229. Which type of isomerism is most common 238. Which one of the following will show optical
among ethers? isomerism?
1) Metamerism 2) Functional H H
3) Chain 4) Position | |
230. Which among the following statements is 1) HO − C − CO2 H 2) H3 C − C − CO2 H
correct with respect to the optical isomers? | |
1) Enantiomers are non-superimposable H OH
mirror images CH3 CH3
2) Diastereomers are superimposable mirror | |
images 3) H3 C − C − CO2 H 4) H3 C − C − CO2 H
3) Enantiomers are superimposable mirror | |
images H Cl
4) 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜 forms have no plane of symmetry 239. The correct statement about the compounds
231. Which of the following compounds is expected (A), (B) and (C) is
to be optically active?
1) (CH3 )2 CHCHO 2) CH3 CH2 CH2 CHO
3) CH3 CH2 CHBrCHO 4) CH3 CH2 CBr2 CHO
232. The number of isomeric ethers with molecular
formula C4 H10 O is/ are.
1) One 2) Two 3) Three 4) Four
233. Pick out the alkane which differs from the 1) (A) and (B) are identical
other members of the group 2) (A) and (B) are diastereomers
1) 2,2-dimethyl 2) Pentane 3) (A) and (C) are enantiomers
propane 4) (A) and(B) are enantiomers
3) 2-methyl butane 4) 2, 2-dimethyl 240. Which of the following is a dynamic
butane isomerism?
234. The (R) and (S) enantiomers of an optically 1) Metamerism
active compound differ in 2) Geometrical isomerism
1) Their reactivity 3) Tautomerism
2) Their optical rotation of plane polarised light 4) Coordinate isomerism
P a g e | 17
241. Which one of the following compounds is 3) 4)
capable of existing in a 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 form?
1) 3, 3-dibromopentane
2) 4-bromo-2-pentanol
3) 3-bromo-2-pentanol
4) 2, 3-dibromopentane 251. Ethers are isomeric with
242. How many optically active stereomers are 1) Aldehydes
possible for butan-2, 3-diol? 2) Ketones
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 3) Both aldehydes and ketones
243. Lactic acid molecule has 4) Alcohols
1) One chiral carbon atom 252.
2) Two chiral carbon atoms
3) No chiral carbon atom
4) asymmetric molecule
244. The number of isomeric pentyl alcohols
possible is
1) Two 2) Four 3) Six 4) Eight
245. Isomers of propionic acid are
1) HCOOC2 H5 and CH3 COOCH3 C2 is rotated anticlockwise 102°C about C2 −
2) HCOOC2 H5 and C3 H7 COOH C3 bond. The resulting conformer is
3) CH3 COOCH3 and C3 H7 OH 1) Partially eclipsed 2) Eclipsed
4) C3 H7 OH and CH3 COCH3 3) gauche 4) Staggered
246. A molecule of urea can show 253. How many chiral compound are possible on
1) Chain isomerism mono chlorination of 2-methyl butane?
2) Position isomerism 1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
3) Geometrical isomerism 254. The reason for the loss of optical activity of
4) Tautomerism lactic acid when – OH group is changed by H is
247. A cyclic stereoisomer having the molecular that
formula C4 H7 Cl are classified and tabulated. 1) Chiral centre of the molecule is destroyed
Find out the correct set of numbers. 2) Molecules acquires asymmetry
Geometrical Optical 3) Due to change in configuration
1) 6 2 4) Structural changes occurs
2) 4 2 255. What kind of isomerism is possible for 1-
3) 6 0 chloro-2-nitroethene?
4) 4 0 1) Functional group isomerism
248. How many asymmetric carbon atoms are 2) Position isomerism
present in 3) E/Z isomerism
(i) 1, 2-dimethylcyclohexane 4) Optical isomerism
(ii) 3-methylcyclopentane and 256. The number of possible alkynes with
(iii) 3-methylcyclohexene? molecular formula C5 H8 is
1) Two, one , one 2) One, one, one 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
3) Two, none, two 4) Two, none One 257. Methoxy methane and ethanol are
249. Optical isomerism is shown by 1) Position isomers 2) Chain isomers
1) Propanol-2 2) Butanol-2 3) Functional isomers 4) Optical isomers
3) Ethanol 4) Methanol 258. Which of the following conformations of
250. Which of the following does not exhibit cyclohexane is chiral?
tautomerism? 1) Twist boat 2) Rigid
1) 2) 3) Chair 4) Boat
259. The number of isomeric alkanes having the
molecular formula C5 H12 is
1) Three 2) Five
P a g e | 18
 3) Nine 4) Thirty two tetrachloride
260. Which of the following molecules is expected 3) Methane 4) 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜-tartaric acid
to rotate the plane of plane-polarised light? 267. Which of the following will be chiral?
1) 2) 1) CH3 CHCl2 2) CH3 CHBrCl
3) CD2 Cl2 4) CH2 ClBr
268. A molecule having three different chiral carbon
atoms, how many stereoisomers it will have?
1) 8
2) 3
3) 4) 3) 9
4) 6
269. Which of the following compounds is optically
active?
1) 1 – butanol 2) Isopropyl alcohol
3) Acetaldehyde 4) 2-butanol
261. Which of the following is most likely to show 270. Racemic compound has
optical isomerism? 1) Equimolar mixture of enantiomers
H 2) 1:1 mixture of enantiomer and diastereomer
| 3) 1:1 mixture of diastereomers
1) HC ≡ C − C − C ≡ CH 4) 1:2 mixture of enantiomers
| 271. 𝑛- pentane and 2-methyl butane are a pair of
Cl 1) Enantiomers
H 2) Stereoisomers
| 3) Diastereomers
2) HC ≡ C − C − CH3 4) Constitutional isomers
| 272. The name of the compound
Cl
H
|
3) HC ≡ C − C − H
is
|
1) (2Z,4Z)-2, 4-hexadiene
Cl
2) (2Z-, 4E)-2, 4-hexadiene
Cl
3) (2E, 4Z)-2, 4-hexadiene
4) |
4) (4E, 4Z)-2, 4-hexadiene
HC ≡ C − C = CH2
273. Propanol and propanone are
262. 2-hexyne gives 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-2-hexene on treatment
1) Functional isomers 2) Enantiomers
with
3) Chain isomers 4) Structural isomers
1) Li/NH3 2) Pd/BaSO4
274. Ethylene dichloride and ethylidine chloride are
3) LiAlH4 4) Pt/H2
isomeric compounds. The false statement
263. How many primary amines are possible with
about these isomers is that they
the formula C4 H11 N?
1) React with alcoholic potash and give the
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
same product
264. Which one of the following monoenes does not
2) Are position isomers
exhibit geometric isomerism?
3) Contain the same percentage of chlorine
1) C4 H8 2) C3 H6 3) C5 H10 4) C8 H16
4) Are both hydrolysed to the same product
265. The number of chiral centres in (+) –glucose
275. For which of the following parameters the
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1
structural isomers 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 and 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐶𝐻3
266. Identify, which of the below does not possess
would be expected to have the same values?
any element of symmetry?
(Assume ideal behaviour)
1) (+)(-) tartaric acid 2) Carbon
1) Heat of vaporisation

P a g e | 19
 2) Vapour pressure at the same temperature 4) Steam distillation
3) Boiling points 284. Which method is used to separate sugars?
4) Gaseous densities at the same temperature 1) Fractional crystallisation
and pressure 2) Sublimation
276. Which of the following is a pair of functional 3) Chromatography
isomers? 4) Benedict’s reagent
1) CH3 COCH3 , CH3 CHO 285. Which of the following reagents will be fruitful
2) C2 H5 CO2 H, CH3 CO2 CH3 for separating a mixture of nitrobenzene and
3) C2 H5 CO2 H, CHCO2 C2 H5 aniline?
4) CH3 CO2 H, CH3 CHO 1) Aq. NaHCO3 2) H2 O
277. How many structures can compound with 3) Aq. HCl 4) Aq. NaOH
molecular formula C7 H9 N have? 286. A liquid decomposes at its normal boiling
1) 5 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2 point. It can be purified by
278. What is the structural formula of fumaric acid? 1) Sublimation
H3 C − C − COOH 2) Steam distillation
1) ∥ 3) Vacuum distillation
HOOC − C − CH3 4) Fractional distillation
H3 C − C − COOH 287. Which of the substance is purified by
2) ∥ sublimation?
H3 C − C − COOH 1) Benzoic acid 2) Camphor
H − C − COOH 3) Naphthalene 4) All of these
3) ∥ 288. Which of the following process is suitable for
H − C − COOH the purification of aniline?
H − C − COOH 1) Simple distillation
4) ∥ 2) Fractional distillation
HOOC − C − H 3) Fractional crystallisation
279. A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be 4) Steam distillation
separated by 289. Fractional distillation is a process by which the
1) Sublimation separation of different fractions from mixture
2) Extraction with a solvent of solution is carried by making use of the
3) Chemical method following property of the fractions
4) Fractional crystallisation 1) Freezing point 2) Boiling point
280. Which of the following process is not used for 3) Melting point 4) Solubility
the purification of solid impurities? 290. The best method to separate the mixture of
1) Distillation 2) Sublimation 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 −and−𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 nitrophenol (1:1) is
3) Crystallisation 4) Vaporisation 1) Vaporisation 2) Colour spectrum
281. Naphthalene can be easily purified by 3) Distillation 4) Crystallisation
1) Sublimation 2) Crystallisation 291. Lassaigne’s test for the detection of nitrogen
3) Distillation 4) Vaporisation fails in
282. For the purification, isolation and separation of 1) H2 N − CO − NHNH2 . HCl
organic compounds, the latest technique 2) NH2 − NH2 . HCl
followed is 3) NH2 − CO − NH2
1) Chromatography 4) C6 H5 − NH − NH2 . HCl
2) Steam distillation 292. In Lassaigne’s test, a blue colour is obtained if
3) Fractional crystallisation the organic compound contains nitrogen. The
4) Sublimation blue colour is due to
283. A mixture of 𝑜-nitrophenol and 𝑝-nitrophenol 1) K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] 2) Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3
can be separated by 3) Na3 [Fe(CN)6 ] 4) Cu2 [Fe(CN)6 ]
1) Fractional crystallisation 293. The Beilstein test for organic compound is
2) Sublimation used to detect
3) Chemical separation 1) Nitrogen 2) Sulphur
P a g e | 20
 3) Carbon 4) Halogens 3) CH3 CONH2
294. During the fusion of an organic compound 4) CH3 NCO
with sodium metal, nitrogen of the compound 303. Which one of the following gives white
is converted into precipitate with Ag𝑁𝑂3 ?
1) NaNO2 2) NaNH2 3) NaCN 4) NaNC 1) 2)
295. 1.2g of organic compound of Kjeldahlization
liberates ammonia which consumes
30 𝑐𝑚3 of 1N HCl. The percentage of nitrogen
in the organic compound is
1) 30 2) 35 3) 46.67 4) 20.8
296. In Kjeldahl’s method, then nitrogen present in
the organic compound is quantitatively
converted into 3) 4) None of these
1) Gaseous ammonia
2) Ammonium sulphate
3) Ammonium phosphate
4) Ammonia
297. Presence of halogen in organic compounds can
be detected using 304. An organic compound which produces a bluish
1) Leibig’s test 2) Duma’s test green coloured flame on heating in presence of
3) Kjeldahl test 4) Beilstein’s test copper is
298. Liebig’s test is used to estimate 1) Chlorobenzene 2) Benzaldehyde
1) H 2) C 3) Aniline 4) Benzoic acid
3) C and H Both 4) N 305. The compound formed in the positive test for
299. Qualitative test of halogens in an organic nitrogen with the Lassaigne solution of an
compound is made by organic compound is
1) Fleming’s test 2) Beilstein test 1) Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 2) Na3 [Fe(CN)6 ]
3) Bayer’s test 4) Fehling’s test 3) Fe(CN)3 4) Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
300. Which of the following statement is wrong? 306. Na2 S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5 NO] → Purple colour. It is
1) Using Lassaigne’s test nitrogen and sulphur due to
present in organic compound can be tested 1) Na4 [Fe(CN)3 NOS] 2) Na3 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
2) Using Beilstein’s test the presence of halogen 3) Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NO] 4) Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
in a compound can be tested 307. In sulphur detection of an organic compound,
3) In Lassaigne’s filtrate the nitrogen present in sodium nitroprusside solution is added to
a organic compound is converted into NaCN sodium extract. Formation of violet colour is
4) In the estimation of carbon, an organic due to
compound is heated with CaO in a 1) Na3 Fe(CN)6 2) Na3 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
combustion tube 3) Fe(CNS)3 4) None of these
301. 0.765g of an acid gives 0.535g of CO2 and 308. In Kjeldahl’s method of estimation of nitrogen,
0.138 g of H2 O. Then, the ratio of the CuSO4 acts as
percentage of carbon and hydrogen is 1) Oxidising agent 2) Reducing agent
1) 19:2 2) 18:11 3) 20:17 4) 1:7 3) Catalytic agent 4) Hydrolysis agent
302. An organic compound having molecular mass 309. Which of the following complex formation
60 is found to contain C=20%, H=6.67% and indicates presence of sulphur in the organic
N=46.67% while rest is oxygen. On heating it compound when sodium nitroprusside is
gives NH3 along with a solid residue. The solid added to sodium extract of the compound?
residue gives violet colour with alkaline copper 1) Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 2) Na2 [Fe(NO)(CN)5 ]
sulphate solution. The compound is 3) 𝐹𝑒4 (𝐶𝑁𝑆)3 4) Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
1) CH3 CH2 CONH2 310. When SCN is added to an aqueous solution
−

2) (NH2 )2 CO containing 𝐹𝑒(𝑁𝑂3 )3 ,the complex ion

P a g e | 21
 produced is 3) N 4) S
1) [Fe(OH2 )2 (SCN)]2+ 2) [Fe(OH2 )5 (SCN)]2+ 320. How much of sulphur is present in an organic
3) [Fe(OH2 )8 (SCN)]2+ 4) [Fe(OH2 )(SCN)]6+ compound, if 0.53g of the compound gave
311. Quantitative measurement of nitrogen in an 1.158g of BaSO4 on analysis?
organic compound is done by the method 1) 10% 2) 15% 3) 20% 4) 30%
1) Berthelot method 2) Belstein method 321. Which of the following is least reactive in a
3) Lassaigne test 4) Kjheldahl method nucleophilic substitution reaction?
312. 29.5 mg of organic compound containing 1) (CH3 )3 C − Cl 2) CH2 = CHCl
nitrogen was digested according to Kjeldahl’s 3) CH3 CH2 Cl 4) CH2 = CHCH2 Cl
method and the evolved ammonia was 322. Which of the following compounds is resistant
absorbed in 20mL of 0.1 M HCl solution. The to nucleophilic attack by hydroxy ion?
excess of the acid required 15mL of 0.1M 1) Methylacetate 2) Acetonitrile
NaOH solution for complete neutralisation. 3) Acetamide 4) Diethyl ether
The percentage of nitrogen in the compound is 323. Which of the following is most reactive
1) 59.0 2) 47.4 3) 23.7 4) 29.5 towards electrophilic nitration?
313. In Kjeldahl’s method, ammonia from 5g of food 1) Toluene 2) Benzene
neutralizes 30 𝑐𝑚3 of 0.1 N acid. The 3) Benzoic acid 4) Nitrobenzene
percentage of nitrogen in the food is 324. Which alkyl halide is preferentially hydrolysed
1) 0.84 2) 8.4 3) 16.8 4) 1.68 by SN 1 mechanism?
314. The ammonia evolved from the treatment of 1) (CH3 )3 C. Cl 2) CH3 CH2 CH2 Cl
0.30g of an organic compound for the 3) CH3 CH2 Cl 4) CH3 Cl
estimation of nitrogen was passed in 100mL of 325. Dehydrohalogenation in presence of OH − is
0.1M sulphuric acid. The excess of acid correctly represented by
required 20mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide 1)
solution for complete neutralisation. The
organic compound is
1) Acetamide 2) Benzamide
3) Urea 4) Thiourea
315. An organic compound on heating with CuO
produces CO2 but no water. The organic
compound may be
1) Carbon tetrachloride 2) Chloroform
3) Methane 4) Ethyl iodide 2)
316. 0.25 g of an organic compound on Kjeldahl’s
analysis gave enough ammonia to just
neutralise 10𝑐𝑚3 of 0.5M H2 SO4. The
percentage of nitrogen in the compound is
1) 28 2) 56 3) 14 4) 112
317. 5.6 g of an organic compound on burning with
excess of oxygen gave 17.6g of 𝐶𝑂2 and 7.2 g of
𝐻2 𝑂. The organic compound is
1) C6 H6 2) C4 H8
3) C3 H8 4) CH3 COOH 3)
318. Lassaigne’s test is not used for the detection of
1) Carbon 2) Halogens
3) Nitrogen 4) Sulphur
319. Acidified sodium fusion extract on addition of
ferric chloride solution gives blood red
colouration which confirm the presence of
1) S and Cl 2) N and S

P a g e | 22
 4) (SN 2or SN 1), the reactivity of alkyl halides
follows the sequence
1) R-I>R-Br>R-Cl>R-F
2) R-Cl>R-F>R-Br>R-I
3) R-F>R-Cl>R-Br>R-I
4) R-I>R-F>R-Cl>R-Br
331. The following reactions is an example of ….
Reaction.
326. In the compound Alc.KOH
C2 H4 Br2 → C2 H2
1) Addition
2) Dehydrobromination
3) Substitution
4) Debromination
332. SN 1 reaction is fastest in
electrophilic substitution occurs at 2)
1) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜/𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 position at ring I
1) CH3 CH2 Cl
2) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 position at ring I
3) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜/𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 position at ring II
4) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 position at ring II CH3
327. Which of the following is arranged according to |
CH3 − CH − Cl
the nature indicated? CH3 − C − Cl
|
1) Electrophile |
3) 4) CH2
2) Electrophile CH3
|
Electrophile – CH3 OH, N3− . Nucleophile CH3
3)
– NO+2 , Br
+

Electrophile – 𝐵𝑟 + , 𝑁3− , Nucleophile

4) 333.
– 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻,
328. Consider the following bromides

In a compound electrophilic
substitution has occurred. The substitute-𝐸 are
methyl – CH2 Cl, −CCl3 and– CHCl2 . The correct
increasing order towards electrophilic
substitution is
1) −CH3 < −𝐶H2 Cl < −𝐶𝐻𝐶l2 < −𝐶𝐶l3
The correct order is SN 1 reactivity is 2) −CH3 < −𝐶𝐻𝐶l2 < −𝐶H2 Cl < −𝐶𝐶l3
1) (B)>(C)>(A) 2) (B)>(A)>(C) 3) −CCl3 < −𝐶H2 Cl < −𝐶𝐻𝐶l2 < −𝐶H3
3) (C)>(B)>(A) 4) (A)>(B)>(C) 4) −CCl3 < −𝐶𝐻𝐶l2 < −𝐶H2 Cl < −𝐶H3
329. Which one of the following has the most 334. Protin solvent is
nucleophilic nitrogen? 1) Diethyl ether 2) 𝑛-hexane
1) 2) 3) Acetone 4) Ethanol
335. Among the following compounds (I-III) the
correct order of reaction with the electrophile
is

3) 4)

330. In the nucleophilic substitution reactions 1) II>III>I 2) III<I<II

P a g e | 23
 3) I>II>III 4) I≈II>III 3) A>C>B 4) A>B>C
336. Which of the following shows SN 1 reaction 343. The alkyl halide that undergoes SN 1 reaction
most readily? more radily is
1) 1) Ethyl bromide 2) Isopropyl bromide
3) Vinyl bromide 4) 𝑛-propyl bromide
344. The total number of alkenes possible by
dehydromination of 3-bromo-3-
2) cyclopentylhexane using alcoholic KOH is
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
345. Following reaction is,

3)

4)
1) SN 2) SE 3) El 4) EI-CB
346. Which of the following would react most
readily with nucleophiles?
337. Which of the following is the correct order of 1) 2)
decreasing SN 2 reactivity? (X=𝛼 halogen)
1) RCH2 X > R 3 CX > R 2 CHX
2) RCH2 X > R 2 CHX > R 3 CX
3) R 3 CX > R 2 CHX > 𝑅𝐶H2 X
4) R 2 CHX > R 3 CX > R 2 CH2 X
338. In the reaction of phenol with chloroform and
aqueous solution of NaOH at 70°C, the
electrophile attacking the ring is 3) 4)
1) CHCl3 2) CHCl2 3) ∶ CCl2 4) COCl2
339. The following compound will undergo
electrophilic substitution more readily than
benzene
1) Nitrobenzene 2) Benzoic acid
3) Benzaldehyde 4) Phenol
340. Which of the following is an electrophile?
1) H2 O 2) SO3 3) NH3 4) ROR
347. Grignard reagent adds to
341. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction,
1)
the nitro group is 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 directing because it 2) −𝐶 ≡ 𝑁
Decreases electron density at 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and 3) 4) All of these
1)
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 positions
2) Decreases electron density at 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 position 348. The electrophile involved in the sulphonation
3) Increases electron density at 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 postion of benzene is
Increases electron density at 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 1) SO+ 2) SO2− 3) H3 O+ 4) SO3
4) 3 3
positions 349. The Kolbe’s electrolysis proceeds 𝑣𝑖𝑎
342. Arrange the following compounds in order of 1) Nucleophilic substitution mechanism
their decreasing reactivity with an electrophile, 2) Electrophilic addition mechanism
𝐸⊕ . 3) Free radical mechanism
(A) Chlorobenzene, 4) Electrophilic substitution reaction
(B) 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, 350. Dehydration of alcohol usually goes by
(C) 𝑝-nitrochlorobenzene 1) E1 mechanism 2) E2 mechanism
1) C>B>A 2) B>C>A 3) E1 cb mechanism 4) SN 2 mechanism

P a g e | 24
351. The least active electrophile is Br2

1) 4) C6 H6 → UV ligh CH3 − CH2 Br

357. In which reaction addition takes place

according to Markownikoff’s rule?
1) CH3 CH = CHCH3 + Br →
2)
2) CH2 = CH2 + HBr →
3) CH3 CH = CH2 + HBr →
4) CH3 CH = CH2 + Br2 →
358. During a nitration of benzene, the attacking
3)
electrophile is
1) NO− 3 2) NO−2 3) NO+2 4) HNO3
359. Following reaction,
(CH3 )3 CBr + H2 O → (CH3 )3 COH + HBr
is an example of
4) 1) Elimination reaction
2) Free radical substitution
3) Nucleophilic substitution
4) Electrophilic substitution
352. Dehydration of alcohol is an example of which 360. Which one of the following is an intermediate
type of reaction? in the reaction of benzene with CH3 Cl in the
1) Substitution 2) Elimination presence of anhydrous AlCl3 ?
3) Addition 4) Rearrangement 1) Cl+ 2) CH3−
353. Which represents nucleophilic aromatic 4)
substitution reaction? 3) CH3+
1) Reaction of benzene with Cl2 in sunlight
2) Benzyl bromide hydrolysis
3) Reaction of NaOH with dinitrofluorobenzene 361. The ion formed by the reaction of HNO2 and
4) Sulphonation of benzene H2 SO4 is
354. Dehydrohalogenation of an alkyl halide is a/an 1) Nitronium ion 2) Nitrosonium ion
1) Nucleophilic substitution reaction 3) Nitrite ion 4) Nitrate ion
2) Elimination reaction 362. Reaction of methyl bromide with aqueous
3) Both nucleophilic substitution and sodium hydroxide involves
elimination reaction 1) Racemisation
4) Rearrangement 2) SN 1 mechanism
355. Hydride ion transfer takes place in 3) Retention of configuration
1) Frankland method 4) 𝑆𝑁 2 mechanism
2) Wurts reaction 363. The ease of nitration of the following three
3) Cannizzaro’s reaction hydrocarbons follows the order
4) Wolff-Kishner reduction
356. Which of the following reactions proceeds 𝑣𝑖𝑎
secondary free radical?
HBr
CH3 − CH = CH2 → CH3 − CH − CH3
1) |
Br
CH3 − CH = CH2 →
HBr
CH3 − CH2 1) II=III≈I 2) II>III>I
2)
UV light 3) III>II>I 4) I=III>II
− CH2 Br 364. The correct sequence of steps involved in the
Br /FeBr3 mechanism of Cannizzaro’s reaction is
3) C6 H6 → 2 C6 H5 Br Nucleophilic attack, transfer of H− and
1)
transfer of H +
P a g e | 25
 Transfer of H − , transfer of H + and CH3
2)
nucleophilic attack 371. Which one of the following compounds is most
Transfer if H + , nucleophilic attack and reactive towards nucleopilic addition?
3)
transfer of H − 1) CH3 CHO 2) PhCOCH3
Electrophilic attack by OH− , transfer of H+ 3) PhCOPh 4) CH3 COCH3
4)
and transfer of H − 372. For the reaction,
365. Which of the following compounds are not
arranged on order of decreasing reactivity
towards electrophilic substitution?
1) Fluorobenzene > chlorobenzene > bromo
benzene
2) Phenol> 𝑛-propyl benzene> benzoic acid> 1) Chloro benzene and carbon tetrachloride
Chlorotoluene >𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎-nitrotoluene>2- 2) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 chloro benzotrichloride
3)
chloro-4-nitro toluene 3) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 chloro benzotrichloride
4) Benzoic acid> phenol>𝑛-propyl benzene 4) None of the above
366. Conversion of chlorobenzene to phenol 373. The most common type of reaction in aromatic
involves compounds is
1) Electrophilic substitution 1) Elimination reaction
2) Nucleophilic substitution 2) Addition reaction
3) Free radical substitution 3) Electrophilic substitution reaction
4) Electrophilic addition 4) Rearragement reaction
367. 374. The SN 1 reactivity of following halides will be
in the order
(i) (CH3 )3 CBr (ii)(C6 H5 )2 CHBr
The electrophile involved in the above reaction (iii)(C6 H5 )2 C(CH3 )Br (iv) (CH3 )2 CHBr
is (v) C2 H5 Br
1) 1) (v)>(iv)>(i)>(ii)>(iii)
Dichloromethyl cation 2) (ii)>(i)>(iii)>(v)>(iv)
2) Dichlorocarbene (:CCl2 ) 3) (i)>(iii)>(v)>(ii)>(iv)
3) Trichloromethyl anion (C̅Cl3 ) 4) (iii)>(ii)>(i)>(iv)>(v)
4) 375. C3 H5 Cl + aq. NaOH → C2 H5 OH + NaCl;
Formyl cation this reaction is
368. RX + I − → R − I + X − is an example of … 1) Electrophilic substitution of I order
reaction. 2) Electrophilic substitution of II order
1) Nucleophilic addition 3) Nucleophilic substitution of I order
2) Nucleophilic substitution 4) Nucleophilic substitution of II order
3) Electrophilic addition 376. Alkyl halide can be converted into alkene by
4) Elimination 1) Nucleophilic substitution reaction
369. The ease of dehydrohalogenation of alkyl 2) Elimination reaction
halide with alcoholic KOH is 3) Both nucleophilic substitution and
1) 3°<2°<1° 2) 3°>2°>1° elimination reaction
3) 3°<2°>1° 4) 3°>2°<1° 4) Rearrangement
370. Which of the following compounds will be 377. Which of the following is not a nucleophile?
most reactive towards nucleophilic addition 1) BF3 2) NH3 3) CN− 4) OH−
reaction? 378. 𝐼𝑠𝑜-propyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by
1) CH3 COCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 1) SN 1 mechanism
2) CH3 CH2 COCH2 CH2 CH3 2) 𝑆𝑁 2 mechanisms
3) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CHO 3) SN 1and SN 2 mechanisms
CH − CH2 − CO − CH − CH3 4) Neither SN 1 nor SN 2 mechanism
4) 3 379. Which of the following is most reactive
|

P a g e | 26
 towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?
1) CH2 = CH − Cl 2) C6 H5 Cl
3) C6 H5 CH2 Cl 4) ClCH2 − CH = CH2
380. Vinyl chloride undergoes
1) Only addition reactions
2) Only elimination reactions
is an example of
3) Both (a) and (b)
1) Electrophilic addition
4) Substitution reactions
2) Electrophilic substitution
381. Which of the following is nucleophilic addition
3) Nucleophilic substitution
reaction?
4) Nucleophilic addition
1) Hydrolysis of ethyl chloride by NaOH
387. The function of AlCl3 in Friedel-Craft’s reaction
2) Purification of acetaldehyde by NaHSO3
is
3) Alkylation of anisol
1) To absorb HCl 2) To absorb water
4) Decarboxylation of acetic acid
3) To produce 4) To produce
382. The decreasing order of nucleophilicity among
nucleophile electrophile
the nucleophiles
388. The halogen compound which most readily
(A) CH3 C − O− (B)𝐶𝐻3 𝑂−
undergoes nucleophilic substitutions is
∥
1) CH2 = CHCl
O
− 2) CH3 CH = CHCl
(C)𝐶𝑁
3) CH2 = CHC(Cl) = CH2
(D)
4) CH2 = CHCH2 Cl
389. The reaction,
O O
∥ ∥
R − C − X + Nu ⟶ R − C − Nu + X −
−

1) (C),(B),(A),(D) 2) (B),(C),(A),(D) is fastest when X is

3) (D),(C),(B),(A) 4) (A),(B),(C),(D) 1) OCOR 2) OC2 H5 3) NH2 4) Cl
383. Formation of cyanohydrin from a ketone is an 390. Which of the following solvents are aprotic?
example of (A)NH3 (B)SO2
1) Electrophilic addition (C)CH3 CN (D)CH3 CO2 H
2) Nucleophilic addition 1) A,B,C 2) A,C,D 3) B,C 4) A,C
3) Electrophilic substitution 391. Which of the following will be easily nitrated?
4) Nucleophilic substitution 1)
384. In which of the following ways does the
hydride ion tend to function? 2)
1) An electrophile 2) A nucleophile
3) A free radical 4) An acid
385. In cannizzaro reaction given below
4)

The slowest step is 3) CH3 NO2

1) The attack of ::𝑂𝐻⊝ at the carboxyl group
2) The transfer of hydride to the carbonyl
group 392. Formation of acetylene from ethylene is an
3) The abstraction of proton from the example of
carboxylic group 1) Addition reaction
4) The deprotonation of PhCH2 OH 2) Substitution reaction
386. The reaction 3) Elimination reaction
4) Condensation reaction
393. Which shows the easier electrophilic

P a g e | 27
 substitution in ring? Will be in order
1) N-acetyl aniline 2) C6 H5 NH3 Cl I II III
3) Aniline 4) Nitrobenzene 1) I <II<III 2) II<III<I
394. (𝐼)𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝐻 𝐵𝑟 → 𝐿𝐴𝐻
𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝐼𝐼) 3) III<II<I 4) III<I<II
3 2
𝐿𝐴𝐻 404. The C − H bond distance is longest in
(𝐶𝐻3 )3 𝐶𝐵𝑟 → alkene, The reason for this 1) C2 H2 2) C2 H4 3) C2 H6 4) C2 H2 Br2
is 405. In the given structure, which carbon atom is
1) (I)SN 2(II) E1 mechanism most electronegative?
2) (I) SN 1, (II) E2 mechanism
3) (I)SN 1, (II) E1 mechanism
4) (I) SN 2,(II) E2 mechanism
395. Williamson’s synthesis involves
1) (I) 2) (II) 3) (III) 4) (IV)
1) SN 1 mechanism
406. The shape of the 𝜋 electron cloud in acetylene
2) Nucleophilic addition
is
3) SN 2 mechanism
1) Linear 2) Planar
4) SE mechanism
3) Cylinder 4) Doughtnut
396. Which of the following cannot undergo
407. Which of the following represents the given
nucleophilic substitution under ordinary
mode of hybridization 𝑠𝑝 2 − 𝑠𝑝 2 − 𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝
conditions?
from left to right?
1) Chlorobenzene 2) 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑡 −butylchloride
1) CH2 = CH − C ≡ CH 2) HC ≡ C − C ≡ N
3) Isopropyl chloride 4) None of these
4)
397. The reaction of sodium ethoxide with 3) CH2 = C − C = CH2
iodoethane to from diethyl is termed as 408. How many sigma and pi bonds are there in the
1) Electrophilic substitution molecule of di cyano ethane (CN − CH = CH −
2) Nuclephilic substitution CN)?
3) Electrophilic addition 1) 3 sigma and 3 pi 2) 5 sigma and 2 pi
4) Radical substitution 3) 7 sigma and 5 pi 4) 2 sigma and 3 pi
398. Nitration of benzene is 409. The enolic from of acetone contains
1) Electrophilic substitution 1) 8𝜎 bonds, 2𝜋-bonds and 1 lone pair
2) Electrophilic addition 2) 9𝜎 bonds, 1𝜋-bonds and 2 lone pairs
3) Nucleophilic substitution 3) 9𝜎 bonds, 2𝜋-bonds and 1 lone pair
4) Nucleophilic addition 4) 10𝜎 bonds, 1𝜋-bonds and 1 lone pair
399. Reactivity towards nucleophilic addition 410. In the dehydration reaction CH3 CONH2
reaction of P2 O5
→ CH3 C ≡ N, the hybridization state of
I. HCHO II.CH3 CHO
carbon change from
III. CH3 COCH3 is
1) l𝑠𝑝 3 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝 2 2) l𝑠𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝
1) II>III>I 2) III>II>I
3) l𝑠𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝
2 4) l𝑠𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝 3
3) I>II>III 4) I>III>II
411. Which of the following compounds has the
400. The maximum bond energy is present
1) C − H 2) C − C 3) C − N 4) C − O maximum number of 𝜋-bonds?
1) HC ≡ C − CH = CH2
401. The maximum number of carbon atoms
2) CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
arranged linearly in the molecule, CH3 − C ≡
3) CH3 CH2 COCH3
C − CH = CH2 is
4) C6 H5 − COOH
1) 5 2) 4 3) 2 4) 3
412. The hybridization of central carbon atom in
402. The hybridization of carbon atoms in C −
1,2- propadiene (allene) is
C single bond of HC ≡ C − CH = CH2 is
1) 𝑠𝑝 3 2) 𝑠𝑝 2
1) 𝑠𝑝 3 − 𝑠𝑝 2) 𝑠𝑝 3 − 𝑠𝑝 3
3) 𝑠𝑝 4) None of these
3) 𝑠𝑝 2 − 𝑠𝑝 3 4) 𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝 2
413. How many 𝜋-electrons are there in the
403. The basic strength of
̅ CH2 = C̅H, CH3 C̅H2 following structure?
CH ≡ C,
I II III

P a g e | 28
 421. Which of the following orders is not correct
regarding the – 𝐼 effect of the substitutents?
1) −I < −Cl < −Br < −F
2)
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
414. The compound in which carbon uses only its 3)
𝑠𝑝 3 hybrid orbitals for bond formation is
1) (CH3 )3 COH 2) HCOOH 4)
3) CH3 CHO 4) (H2 N)2 CO
422. Arrange the following carbocations in order of
415. Which of the following is the most stable
stability
carbocation?
benzyl allyl methyl vinyl
1) 2)
I II III IV
1) IV>III>II>I 2) I>II>III>IV
3) 4)
3) II>IV>III>I 4) III>II>I>IV
423. Polarization of electron in acrolein may be
416. Hyperconjugation is
written as
1) 𝜎 − 𝜋 delocalisation 2) No bond resonance
1)
3) 𝜎 − 𝜋 odd electron 4) All of these
417. Which of the following is an electrophile?
2)
1) 2) CO2 3) H2 O 4) NH3
418. The stability of
3)
CH3 − CH = CH − CH3 , CH3 − C = C − CH3
| |
CH3 CH3 4)
(I) (II)
CH3 − C = CH2 CH3 − C = CH − CH3 424. Which of the following is not a nucleophile?
| | 1) BF3 2) CN− 3) OH− 4) NH3
CH3 CH3 425. The inductive effect
(III) (IV) 1) Implies the atom’s ability to cause bond
In the increasing order is polarization
1) III<I<IV<II 2) I<II<III<IV 2) Increases with increase of distance
3) IV<III<II<I 4) II<III<IV<I 3) Implies the transfer of lone pair of electrons
419. One of the stable resonating forms of methyl from more electronegative atom to the
vinyl ketone is lesser electronegative atom in a molecule
1) 4) Implies the transfer of lone of electrons from
lesser electronegative atom to the more
2) electronegative atom in a molecule
426. The stability of a carbonium ion depends upon
1) The bond angle of the attached group
3) 2) The substrate with which it reacts
3) The inductive effect and hyper-conjugative
4) effect of the attached group
4) None of the above
427. In which of the following molecules, the
420. The oxygen atom in phenol resonance effect is not present?
1) Exhibits only inductive effect 1) 2)
2) Exhibits only resonance effect
3) Has more dominating resonance effect than 3) 4)
inductive effect
4) Has more dominating inductive effect than
428. Consider the following carbanions
the resonance effect
P a g e | 29
 438. Heterolysis of CH3 CH2 CH3 result in formation
of
1) 2)

3)
Correct order of stability is 4) CH3 and C2 H5
1) 1>2>3 2) 3>2>1
439. Which of the following order is correct
3) 2>3>1 4) 1>3>2
regarding the acidity of carboxylic acids?
429. Resonance energy is more for
1) Cl3 CCOOH > Cl2 CHCOOH > ClCH2 COOH
1) C6 H6
2) Cl3 CCOOH > Cl2 CHCOOH < ClCH2 COOH
2) Cylohexene
3) Cl3 CCOOH < Cl2 CHCOOH > ClCH2 COOH
3) Cycloheptene
4) Cl3 CCOOH < Cl2 CHCOOH < ClCH2 COOH
4) Cyclohexa -1,2,3-triene
440. An electrophilic reagent must have
430. Among the following the dissociation constant
1) A vacant orbital
is highest for
2) An orbital containing one electron
1) C6 H5 OH 2) C6 H5 CH2 OH
3) An orbital containing two electrons
3) CH3 − C ≡ CH 4) CH3 NH3+ Cl−
4) All completely filled atomic orbitals
431. Which of the following statements is correct?
441. Delocalised electrons are present in
1) +𝐼 group stabilises a carbocation
1) 1, 3- butadiene 2) C6 H6
2) +𝐼 group stabilises a carbanion
3) 1, 3, 5-hexatriene 4) All of these
3) −𝐼 group stabilises a carbocation
442. With a change in hybridization of the carbon
4) −𝐼 group stabilises a free radical
bearing the charge, the stability of a carbanion
432. Which of the following is the most stable
increase in the order
radical?
1) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝 3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 2) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝 3
1) 2)
3) 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝 3 4) 𝑠𝑝 3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝
3) 4) 443. Which of the following orders is correct
regarding the – 𝐼 effect of the substituents?
433. Stability order of... is in order
1) −N𝑅2 > −O𝑅 > −F 2) −N𝑅2 < −O𝑅 < −F
3) −N𝑅2 > −O𝑅 < −F 4) −NH2 < −O𝑅 > −F
444. Arrange 𝑝-toluidine (I) N,N-dimethyl-𝑝-
1) IV<III<II<I 2) IV<II<I<III toluidine (II) 𝑝- nitroaniline (III) and aniline
3) I<II<III<IV 4) IV<I<III<II (IV) in order of decreasing basicity
434. Which of the following is an electroplile? 1) I>IV>III>II 2) I>II>III>IV
1) Na+ 2) Li+ 3) H + 4) Ca2+ 3) II>I>IV>III 4) III>I>II>IV
435. The stability of the free radicals allyl, benzyl, 445. Correct gradation of basic charactor
3°, 2°, 1° and CH3 is in the order 1) NH3 CH3 NH2 > 𝑁F3
1) Benzyl > allyl >3° > 2° > 1° > CH3 2) CH3 NH2 > 𝑁H3 > 𝑁F3
2) Allyl > 3° > benzyl > 2° > 1° > CH3 3) NF3 > 𝐶H3 NH2 > 𝑁H3
3) 3° > 2° > 1° > CH3 >allyl > benzyl 4) CH3 NH2 > 𝑁F3 > 𝑁H3
4) 3° > 2° > 1° > CH3 > allyl = benzyl 446. Which of the following belongs to – 𝐼 group?
436. Which of the following does not show 1) −C6 H5 2) −CH3
electrometric effect? 3) −CH2 CH3 4) −C(CH3 )3
1) Alkenes 2) Ethers 447. How many delocalized 𝜋-electrons are there
3) Aldehyde 4) Ketones in the compounds
437. The most stable carbonium ion among the
following is
1) 2)

3) 4)
1) 8 2) 2 3) 4 4) 6

P a g e | 30
448. Which of the following orders is true regarding 457. The order of stability of the following
the acidic nature of COOH? carbanion is
1) Formic acid > acetic acid> propanoic acid
2) Formic acid > acetic acid< propanoic acid
3) Formic acid < acetic acid> propanoic acid
4) Formic acid > acetic acid< propanoic acid
449. The most stable carbocation is 1) I>II>III>IV 2) I>III>II>IV
1) 2) 3) IV>III>II>I 4) III>IV>I>II
458. The order of stability of the alkenes
𝑅2 C = C𝑅2 , 𝑅2 C = CH𝑅, 𝑅2 C = CH2 ,
3) 4) I II III
𝑅CH = CH𝑅, 𝑅CH = CH2
IV V
1) I>II>IV>III>V 2) I=II>III>IV>V
450. Which of the following orders is correct
3) II>I>IV>III>V 4) V>IV>III>I>II
regarding the acidity of carboxylic group?
459. Which of the following statements is correct?
CH CH CH(Cl)COOH > CH3 CH(Cl)CH2 COOH
1) 3 2
> ClCH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
1) Allyl carbonium ion is
CH CH CH(Cl)COOH < CH3 CH(Cl)CH2 COOH
2) 3 2 more stable then propyl carbonium ion
< ClCH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
CH3 CH2 CH(Cl)COOH > CH3 CH(Cl)CH2 COOH 2) Propyl carbonium ion is more stable than
3) the allyl carbonium ion
< ClCH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
3) Both are equally stable
CH CH CH(Cl)COOH < CH3 CH(Cl)CH2 COOH
4) 3 2 4) None of the above
> ClCH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
451. The stability of the carbocation decreases in 460. Which of the following is an example of
substitution reaction?
the order
1) 𝑅2 CH+ > 𝑅3 C+ > 𝑅CH2+ > CH3+ 1)
2) 𝑅3 C + > 𝑅2 CH+ > 𝑅CH2+ > CH3+
3) CH3+ > 𝑅2 CH+ > 𝑅CH2+ > 𝑅3 C+
4) CH3+ > 𝑅CH2+ > 𝑅2 CH+ > 𝑅3 C+
452. Which of the following belongs to +𝐼 group? 2)
1) −OH 2) −OCH3
3) −COOH 4) −CH3
453. Stability of which intermediate is not governed
by hyperconjugation? 3)
1) Carbon cation 2) Carbon anion
3) Carbon free radical 4) None of these
454. Correct order of nucleophilicity is
1) I − > Br − > Cl− > F −
2) F − > Cl− > Br − > I − 4) None of the above
3) Cl− > F − > Br − > I − 461. The chlorination of methane to give CCl4 is an
4) I − > Cl− > Br − > F − example of
455. Correct order of stability is 1) Addition 2) Elimination
1) HC ≡ C̅ > 𝐶H2 = C̅H > 𝐶H3 − C̅H2 3) Substitution 4) Chain reaction
2) CH3 − C̅H2 > 𝐶H2 = C̅H > 𝐶H ≡ C̅ 462. Which one is least reactive in a nucleophile
3) CH3 − C̅H2 > 𝐶H ≡ CH ≅ CH2 = C̅H substitution reaction?
4) All are equally stable 1) CH3 CH2 Cl 2) CH2 = CHCH2 Cl
456. State the hybridization of carbon present in 3) CH2 = CHCl 4) (CH3 )3 CCl
triplet carbene 463. The reaction (CH ) C − Br H 2O
→ (CH ) COH is
3 3 3 3
1) 𝑠𝑝 3 2) 𝑠𝑝 2
1) Elimination 2) Substitution
3) 𝑠𝑝 4) None of these
3) Free radical 4) Addition
P a g e | 31
464. Which of the following types of reaction occurs 1)
when a substituent has got a double bond with
evently distributed 𝜋 electron cloud?
1) Electrophilic addition 2) CH3 CH2 CH2 Cl + aq. KOH ⟶ CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
+ N(CH )
2) Nucleophilic addition 3 3

3) Any of the (a) and (b) |

Alc.KOH
4) None of the above 3) CH3 − C − CH2 CH3 → CH3 CH = CHCH3
465. The substitution reaction among the following |
is H
1) CH3 − CH − CH2 Br + Alc. KOH
∆
4) → CH3 CH − CH2 OH
| |
Br OH
2) 471. Which of the following cannot show
SN 1 reaction?
1) 2)
3)

4)
3) 4)

472. Which of the following is most reactive

466. The reaction which is not the example of towards elimination reaction?
nucleophilic substitution among the following 1) 𝑅COO− 2) CN− 3) NO− 3 4) 𝑅O−
is 473. Examine the following statements regarding
CH C − Br + CH3 OH SN 2 reaction
1) 3
⟶ CH3 C − OCH3 + HBr (1) The rate of reaction is independents of
2) CH3 C − Cl + 𝑎𝑞. KOH ⟶ CH3 C − OH + KCl concentration of nucleophile
3) (2) The nucleophile attacks the carbon atom
on the side of molecule opposite to the group
4)
being displaced
467. During addition of bromine on ethene, the first (3) The reaction proceeds with simultaneous
species formed is bond formation and rupture
1) Which of the above written statements is
2) C2 H4 OH+ correct?
1) 1, 2 2) 1, 3 3) 1, 2, 3 4) 2, 3
3) 474. 𝑡-butyl chloride reacts with OH − by SN 1
4) C2 H5+
mechanism and rate ∝ [𝑡-buty1 chloride]. One
468. Consider the following reaction
of the reasons for this is that
1) Stereochemical inversion takes place
Is an example of 𝑡- buty1 carbocation is first formed which is
2)
1) Substitution 2) Elimination more stable
3) Addition 4) Addition elimination 3) The product 𝑡-butyl alcohol is more stable
469. The reaction C2 H5 l + KOH ⟶ C2 H5 OH + KI is The intermediate 𝑡-butyl carbocation is
4)
called stabilized by solvation
1) Hydroxylation substitution 475. The reaction
NaNH2
2) Electrophilic substitution CH3 CH2 CHCH3 → Butene-1 and butane -2
3) Nucleophilic substitution (major)
4) dehydroiodination |
470. Which of the following is elimination reaction Br

P a g e | 32
 The correct statement (s) are 2) A plane parallel to the molecular plane
1) 2-butene is Saytzeff product 3) A plane perpendicular to the molecular
2) 1-butene is Hofmann (s) product plane which bisects the carbon-carbon
3) The elimination reaction follows Saytzeff sigma bond at right angle
rule 4) A plane perpendicular to the molecular
4) All of the above plane which contains the carbon-carbon
476. The addition reaction among the following is sigma bond
1) 482. Which of the following compounds yields most

2) stable carbanion after rupture of bond?

1) 2)

3)
3) 4) None of these

4) All of the above

477. The reaction,
483. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1) The rate of reaction increases with increase
in water concentration in the hydrolysis of
tertiary butyl bromide in methanol and
Is an example of
water
1) Nucleophilic substitution
The relative nucleophilicity in protic solvent
2) Electrophilic addition
2) is
3) Elimination reaction
CN− > I− > O ̅ H > Br − > CI − > F − > H2 O
4) Nucleophilic addition
In SN 2 reactions, the order of reactivity of
478. Which one of the following explain, why
3) alkyl halides is in the order
propene undergo electrophilic addition
methyl>primary>secondary> tertiary
with HBr, but not with HCN?
4) SN 2 reaction involves carbonium ions
1) Br − is better nucleophile than CN−
484. Which of the following statements (s) is (are)
HBr being better source of proton as it is
2) not true?
stronger acid than HCN
1) Carbanions and carbonium ions, usually
HCN attacks preferentially 𝑣𝑖𝑎 lone pair of
3) exist in ion pairs or else solvated
nitrogen
Acidity increases and basicity decreases in
The C − Br bond being stronger is formed
4) going from left to right across a row of
easily as compared to C − CN bond
2) Periodic Table
479. List the following alkoxide nucleophile in
decreasing order of their SN 2 reactivity CH4 < 𝑁H3 < H2 O < 𝐻𝐹(𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦)
CH3− > 𝑁H2− > 𝑂H − > F − (basicity)
1. Me3 CO− 2.MaO− 3.MeCH2 O− 4.
𝑅COOH like 𝑅COR reacts with H2 NOH to give
3)
an oxime
Me2 CHO− 5. Decreasing order of ionizing power of
1) 2>3>5>4>1 2) 5>3>2>1>4 solvents is
3) 1>5>2>3>4 4) 3>5>1>2>3 4) CF3 COOH > HCOOH > H2 O > CH3 COOH
480. Most stable carbocation is formed during the > CH3 OH > C2 H5 OH
heating of which one of the following > (CH3 )2 SO > CH3 CN
compound with conc.H2 SO4 ? 485. Which of the following statements is not
1) (CH3 )3 COH 2) C6 H5 CH2 OH characteristic of free radical chain reaction?
3) (CH3 )2 CHOH 4) CH3 CH(OH)CH2 CH3 1) It gives major product derived from most
481. The nodal plane in the 𝜋-bond of ethene is stable free radical
located in 2) It is usually sensitive to change in solvent
1) The molecular plane polarity

P a g e | 33
 3) It proceeds in three main steps like (II)CH2 = CHCH2 CH3 (Minoe product)
initiation, propagation and termination 1) Hofmann’s rule 2) Saytzeff’s rule
4) It may be initiated by UV light 3) Kharasch effect 4) Markownikoff’s rule
486. Among the following compounds (I-III) the 493. Formation of ethylene from acetylene is an
correct order of reaction with electrophilic example of
reagand is 1) Elimination reaction
2) Substitutions reaction
3) Condensation reaction
4) Addition reaction
494. Conversion of CH4 to CH3 Cl is an example of
which of the following reaction?
1) II>III>I 2) III<I<II
1) Electrophilic substitution
3) I>II>III 4) I=II>III
2) Free radical addition
487.
3) Nucleophilic substitution
4) Free radical substitution
495. A solution of D(+)-2-chloro-2-phenylethane in
toluene racemises slowly in the presence of
Correct order of stability is small amount of SbCl5 due to the formation of
1) 1>4>2>3 2) 1>2>3>4 1) Carbanion 2) Carbene
3) 1>2>4>3 4) 1>3>4>2 3) Free radical 4) Carbocation
488. Which behaves both as a nucleophile as well as 496. Which one of the following compound is most
an electrophile? acidic?
1) CH3 OH 2) CH3 NH2 2)
Cl − CH2 − CH2
3) CH3 CN 4) CH3 Cl 1)
− OH
489. Reactivity towards nucleophilic addition
reaction of 3) 4)
(I)HCHO (II)CH3 CHO (III)CH3 COCH3is
1) II>III>I 2) III>II>I
3) I>II>III 4) I>II<III
497.
490. Among the following the strongest nucleophile
is
1) C2 H5 SH 2) CH3 COO−
The above reaction proceeds through
3) CH3 NH2 4) NCCH2−
1) Free radicals substitution
491. Among the following compounds which can be
2) Nucleophilic substitution
dehydrated very easily is
CH3 3) Electrophilic substitution
4) None of the above
|
1) CH3 − CH2 − C − CH2 − CH3 498.
|
In
OH
Electrophilic substitution occurs at
CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH − CH3
1) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 ⁄𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 at first ring
2) |
2) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 at first ring
OH
3) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 ⁄𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 at second ring
3) CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 OH
4) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 at second ring
CH3 − CH2 − CH − CH2 − CH2 OH
499. An SN 2 reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a
4) |
compound always gives
CH3
1) A mixture of diastereomers
492. Which of the following applies in the reaction
Alco.KOH
2) A single stereoisomer
CH3 CHBrCH2 CH3 → ? 3) An enantiomer of the substrate
(I)CH3 CH = CHCH3 (Major product) 4) A product with opposite optical rotation

P a g e | 34
500. The following reaction is described as 3) Fractional crystallisation
4) Chemical method
509. Which of the following is useful for making
pure water from a solution of salt in water?
1) SE 2 2) SN 2 3) SN 1 4) SN 0
1) Filtration 2) Distillation
501. The bond that undergoes heterolytic cleavage
3) Chromotography 4) Steam distillation
most easily is
510. A mixture of acetone and methanol can be
1) C − O 2) C − C
separated by
3) C − H 4) O − H
1) Steam distillation
502. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
2) Vaccum distillation
1) SN 2 reaction proceeds with inversion
3) Fractional distillation
2) SN 1 reaction proceeds with racemisation
4) None of these
3) SN 2 reaction involves transition state
511. Sublimation can't be used for purification of
In transition state, one end carries δ+ and
4) 1) Benzoic acid 2) Camphor
another end carries δ− charge
3) Urea 4) Naphthalene
503. In which of the compounds given below there
512. Chromatography technique is used for the
is more than one kind of hybridization
(𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝 3 )for carbon? separation of
(II)CH3 CH = 1) Small sample of mixture
(I)CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
2) Plant pigments
CH − CH3
(III)CH2 = CH − CH = CH2 (IV)H − C 3) Dyestuff
4) All of the above
≡ C−H
513. In paper chromatography
1) (II) and (IV) 2) (I) and (IV)
1) Mobile phase is liquid and stability phase is
3) (II) and (III) 4) (II)
solid
504. Which of the following species is paramagnetic
2) Mobile phase is solid and stationary phase is
in nature?
liquid
1) Carbonium ion 2) Free radical
3) Both phases are liquids
3) Carbene 4) Nitrene
4) Both phases are solids
505. Consider the following carbanions
514. A mixture of iodine and sodium chloride can be
easily separated by
1) Fractional distillation
2) Steam distillation
3) Chromatography
4) Sublimation
515. Which of the substance is purified by
Correct order of stability is sublimation?
1) I>II>III 2) III>II>I 1) Naphthalene 2) Benzoic acid
3) II>III>I 4) I>III>II 3) Camphor 4) All of these
506. The most stable carbanion is 516. Impure glycerine can be purified by
1) 2) 1) Steam distillation
2) Simple distillation
3) 4) 3) Vaccum distillation
507. Which of the following is singlet carbine? 4) Extraction with a solvent
1) 2) 517. Adsorbent is made of ... in TLC
1) Silica gel 2) Alumina
3) 3) Both (a) and (b) 4) None of these
4) (CH3 )3 C+
518. In a solution, solvent can be separated from
508. A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be
solute by one of the following process
easily separated by
1) Decantation 2) Filtration
1) Sublimation
3) Distillation 4) Sedimentation
2) Extraction with solvent
519. Anthracene is purified by
P a g e | 35
 1) Filtration 2) Distillation separated by
3) Crystallisation 4) Sublimation 1) Heating
520. Fractional crystallisations is carried out to 2) Magnet
separate a mixture of 3) Shaking with CS2
1) Organic solids mixed with inorganic solids 4) Washing in a current of water
2) Organic solids slightly soluble in water 530. The function of boiling the sodium extract with
3) Organic solids having small difference in conc. HNO3 before testing for halogen is
their solubilities in suitable solvent 1) To make the solution acidic
4) Organic solids having great difference in 2) To make the solution clear
their solubilities in suitable solvent 3) To convert Fe2+ to Fe3+
521. Sublimation is a process in which a solid 4) To destroy CN− and S2− ions
1) Changes into vapour form 531. In Lassaigen's test, the organic compound is
2) Changes into another allotropic form fused with a piece of sodium metal in order to
3) Changes into liquid form 1) Increase the ionization of the compound
4) None of the above 2) Decrease the melting point of the compound
522. Essential oils can be isolated by 3) Increase the reactivity of the compound
1) Crystallization 2) Steam distillation 4) Convert the covalent compound into a
3) Sublimation 4) Distillation mixture of ionic compounds
523. Steam distillation is based on the fact that 532. Lassaigne's test is used for the detection of
vaporisation of organic liquid takes place at 1) Carbon only
1) Lower temperature than its boiling point 2) Hydrogen only
2) Higher temperature than its boiling point 3) Oxygen only
3) Its boiling point 4) Nitrogen, sulphur and halogens
4) Water and organic liquid both undergo 533. The empirical formula of an acid is CH2 O2, the
distillation probable molecular formula of the acid may be
524. A mixture of oil and water is separated by 1) C2 H4 O2 2) C3 H6 O4 3) C2 H2 O4 4) CH2 O2
1) Filtration 534. Which of the following sodium
2) Fractional distillation compound/compounds are formed when an
3) Sublimation organic compound containing both nitrogen
4) Using separating funnel and sulphur is fused with sodium?
525. Absolute alcohol cannot be obtained by simple 1) Cyanide and sulphide
fractional distillation because 2) Thiocyanate
1) Pure C2 H5 OH is unstable 3) Sulphite and cyanide
2) C2 H5 OH forms hydrogen bonds with water 4) Nitrate and sulphide
Boiling point of C2 H5 OH is very close to that 535. Mark the incorrect statement in nitrogen
3)
of water Kjeldahl's method of estimation
4) Constant boiling azeotropic mixture is 1) Nitrogen gas is collected over caustic potash
formed with water solution
526. Fractional distillation is useful in distillation of Potassium sulphate is used as boiling point
2)
1) Petroleum 2) Coal-tar elevator of H2 SO4
3) Crude alcohol 4) All of these 3) Copper sulphate or mercury acts as a
527. Chromatography was discovered by catalyst
1) Kekule 2) Pauling 4) Nitrogen is quantitatively decomposed to
3) Rutherford 4) Tswett give ammonium sulphate
528. Vaccum distillation is used to purify liquids 536. In estimation of nitrogen by Duma's method
which 1.18 g of an orgainc compound gave 224 mL of
1) Are highly volatile 𝑁2 at NTP. The percentage of nitrogen in the
2) Are explosive in nature compound is
3) Decompose below their boiling points 1) 20.0 2) 11.8 3) 47.7 4) 23.7
4) Have high boiling point 537. Detection of phosphorus in the compound can
529. A mixture of iron fillings and sulphur cannot be
P a g e | 36
 be done by its conversion into phosphate. carbon, 5.69 % hydrogen and 65.04%
Reagent to identify phosphate ion is bromine. Its empirical formula is
1) Sodium nitroprusside 1) C3 H5 Br 2) C3 H3 Br 3) C2 H4 Br2 4) C3 H7 Br
2) Ammonium molybdate 547. Nitrogen containing organic compound when
3) Potassium ferrocyanide fused with sodium forms
4) Potassium ferricyanide 1) Sodium azide 2) Sodium cyanide
538. An organic compound has carbon and 3) Sodamide 4) Sodium cyanate
hydrogen percentage in the ratio 6:1 and 548. In the estimation of sulphur in an organic
carbon and oxygen percentages in the ratio compound, fuming nitric acid is used to
3:4. The compound has the empirical formula convert sulphur into
1) C2 H6 O 2) CHO2 3) CH4 O 4) CH2 O 1) SO2 2) H2 S 3) H2 SO3 4) H2 SO4
539. The sodium extract of an organic compound on 549. Carbon and hydrogen are estimated in organic
treatment with FeSO4 solution, FeCl3 and HCl compounds by
gives a red solution. The organic compound 1) Kjeldalhl's method 2) Duma's method
contains 3) Leibig's method 4) Carius method
1) Both nitrogen and sulphur 550. Phosphorus is estimated as
2) Nitrogen only 1) Na3 PO4 2) P2 O5 3) P2 O3 4) Mg 2 P2 O7
3) Sulphur only 551. In Lassaigne's solution, pink/violet colouration
4) Halogen is produced when sodium nitroprusside
540. 0.4 g of a silver salt of a monobasic orgainc solution is added. It indicates the presence of
acid gave 0.26 g pure silver on ignition. the 1) Sulphur 2) Nitrogen
molecular weight of the acid is (atomic weight 3) Chlorine 4) None of these
of silver=108) 552. Percentage of hydrogen is maximum in .
1) 58 2) 37 3) 89 4) 105 1) C2 H4 2) CH4 3) C2 H2 4) C6 H6
541. The sodium extract of an organic compound on 553. The presence of carbon in an organic
boiling with 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 and addition of ammonium compound is detected by heating it with
molybdate of solution gives a yellow 1) Sodium metal to convert it into NaCN
precipitate. The compound contains CaO to convert it into CO which burns with a
2)
1) Nitrogen 2) Phosphorus blue flame
3) Sulphur 4) Chlorine CuO to convert it into CO2 which turns lime
3)
542. The simplest formula of a compound water milky
containing 50% of element 𝑋 (at. wt 10) and 4) Cu wire to give a bluish green flame
50% of element 𝑌 (at. wt. 20) is 554. The sodium extract of an organic compound on
1) 𝑋𝑌 2) 𝑋𝑌2 3) 𝑋2 𝑌 4) 𝑋2 𝑌2 acidification with acetic acid and addition of
543. An organic compound contains 49.3% carbon, lead acetate solution gives a black precipitate.
6.84% hydrogen and its vapour density is 73. The organic compound contains
Molecular formula of compound is 1) Nitrogen 2) Halogen
1) C6 H9 O3 2) C4 H10 O2 3) C3 H5 O2 4) C3 H10 O2 3) Sulphur 4) Phosphorus
544. Duma's method involves the determination of 555. Copper wire test of halogens is known as
nitrogen content in the organic compound in 1) Liebig's test 2) Lassaigne's test
the form of 3) Fusion test 4) Beilstein's test
1) NH3 556. Sodium nitroprusside when added to an
2) N2 alkaline solution of sulphide ions produces a
3) NaCN colouration
4) (NH4 )2 SO4 1) Red 2) brown 3) Blue 4) Purple
545. The Prussian blue colour obtained during the 557. In Kjeldahl's method for the estimation of
test of nitrogen by Lassaigne;s test is due to the nitrogen, the formula used to
formation of 1.4 𝑉𝑤 1.4 𝑉𝑁
1) % of N = 2) % of N =
1) Fe[Fe(CN)6 ]3 2) Na4 [Fe(CN)6 ] 𝑁 𝑤
3) Fe3 [Fe(CN)6 ]4 4) Fe2 [Fe(CN)6 ] 𝑉𝑁𝑤 1.4 𝑤𝑁
3) % of N = 4) % of N =
546. An organic compound contains 29.27% 1.8 𝑉

P a g e | 37
558. 4 g of hydrocarbon on complete combustion and O = 24.81% then its empirical formula is
gave 12.571 g of CO2 and 5.143 g of water. 1) CH2 OCl 2) CH2 ClO2 3) ClCH2 O 4) CHClO
What is the empirical formula of the 567. Red colour complex ion formed on adding
hydrocarbon? FeCl3 to sodium extract when N and S both are
1) CH 2) C2 H3 3) CH2 4) CH3 present in organic compound is
559. Which of the following statement is not 1) [Fe(CN)6 ]4− 2) [Fe(CNS)]2+
applicable to Beilstein test? 3) [Fe(CNS)2 ]+ 4) [Fe(CN)6 ]3−
1) Green or bluish green flame is due to the 568. Which of the following elements can't be
formation of volatile cupric halides detected by direct tests?
2) It does not tell us to which halogen is 1) N 2) O 3) S 4) Br
present in the organic compound 569. Detection of sulphur in sodium extract is done
3) It is very sensitive test can be easily by
performed 1) Lead acetate
4) It is a sure test for the presence of halogen 2) Sodium nitroprusside
560. A compound containing 80% C and 20% H is 3) Both (a) and (b)
likely to be 4) None of these
1) C6 H6 2) C2 H6 3) C2 H4 4) C2 H2 570. An organic compound having carbon,
561. Select the correct statement about the hydrogen and sulphur contains 4% of sulphur.
detection of sulphur in organic compounds The minimum molecular weight of the
Sulphur present in organic compound on compound is
1)
fusion with sodium is converts to Na2 S2 O3 1) 500 2) 800 3) 400 4) 100
FeCl3 gives purple colour when added to the 571. When thiourea is heated with metallic sodium,
2)
sodium fusion extract the compound which can't be formed is
3) Sodium nitroprusside is used to detect the 1) NaCNS 2) NaCN 3) Na2 SO4 4) Na2 S
presence of sulphur 572. During AgNO3 test for detection of halogens,
4) All of the above sodium extract is boiled with few drops of
562. The silver salt of a monobasic acid on ignition conc. HNO3 to decompose
gave 60% of Ag. The molecular weight of the 1) NaCN 2) Na2 S
acid is 3) Both (a) and (b) 4) None of these
1) 37 2) 57 3) 73 4) 88 573. 0.5 g of hydrocarbon gave 0.9 g water on
563. Molecular mass of a volatile substances may be combustion. The percentage of carbon
obtained by hydrocarbon is
1) Beilstein method 1) 60.6 2) 28.8 3) 80.0 4) 68.6
2) Lassaigne method 574. A hydrocarbon contains 10.5 g carbon and 1 g
3) Victor Mayer's method hydrogen. Its 2.4 g has 1 L volume at 1 atm
4) Leibig's method and127℃. Hydrocarbon is
564. The most satisfactory method to separate 1) C6 H7 2) C6 H8 3) C5 H6 4) C6 H6
sugars is to use 575. Mixture of sugar and common salt is separated
1) Fractional crystallisation by crystallisation by dissolving in
2) Chromatography 1) H2 O 2) C2 H5 OH
3) Benedict's reagent 3) C5 O6 4) None of these
4) Carius method 576. The relative adsorption of each component of
565. Incorrect statement is the mixture is expressed in terms of
1) Aniline can be purified by steam distillation 1) adsorption factor
2) Beilstein test is not given by fluorine 2) retention factor
3) Kjeldahl's method is used for estimation of 3) co-factor
sulphur 4) sorption factor
4) Lassaigen's test is used in the qualitative 577. Percentage composition of an organic
detection of elements in organic compounds compound is as follows
566. If a compound on analysis was found to C=10.06, H=0.84, Cl=89.10
contain C = 18.5%, H = 1.55%, Cl = 55.04%
P a g e | 38
 Which of the following corresponds to its the possible conformations (if any), is (are)
molecular formula if the vapour density is 1)
60.0?
1) CH3 Cl 2) CHCl3
3) CH2 Cl2 4) None of these
578. What is the empirical formula of a compound
having 40% carbon, 6.66% hydrogen and 2)
53.34% oxygen?
1) C2 H2 O 2) C2 H4 O 3) CH2 O 4) CHO
579. The best method for the separation of
3) H2 C = C = O
naphthalene and benzoic acid from their
4) H2 C = C = CH2
mixture is
586. Br has a low reactivity in CH2 =CH − Br
1) Chromatography 2) Crystallisation
because
3) Distillation 4) Sublimation
1) Br is electronegative
580. The ammonia evolved from the treatment of
2) Of the +𝑀 effect of bromine
0.30 g of an organic compound for the
The C − Br bond has a partial double bond
estimation of nitrogen was passed in 100 mL of 3)
character
0.1 M sulphuric acid. The excess of acid
4) None of the above
required 20 mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide
587. Which of the following statements are correct?
solution for complete neutralization. the
1) −𝐼 groups stabilize a carbocation
organic compound is
2) −𝐼 groups stabilize a carbanion
1) acetamide 2) benzamide
3) +𝐼 groups stabilize a carbanion
3) urea 4) thiourea
4) +𝐼 groups stabilize a carbocation
581. Which of the organic compounds will give red
588. Which of the following structure have
colour in Lassaigne test?
resonance stability?
S
1) 2)
1) NaCNS 2) ||
NH2 − C − NH2
O 4) None of these
3) || 3) 4)
NH2 − C − NH2
582. Glycerol can be separated from spent-lye in
soap industry by 589. Which of the following species are planar?
1) Steam distillation 1) Isopropyl carbanion
2) Fractional distillation 2) Nitromethyl carbanion
3) Distillation under reduced pressure 3) Singlet carbene
4) Ordinary distillation 4) Triphenylmethyl carbocation
583. In Carius method of 0.099 g orgainc compound 590. An unsaturated hydrocarbon on complete
gave 0.287 g AgCl. The percentage of chlorine hydrogenation gives 1- isopropy-3-
in the compound will be methylcyclohexane, after ozonolysis it gives
1) 28.6 2) 71.7 3) 35.4 4) 64.2 one mole of formaldehyde, one mole of acetone
584. The Lassaigne's extract is boiled with dil HNO3 and one mole of 2,4-dioxohexanedial. The
before testing for halogens because possible structure/s of the hydrocarbon may
1) AGCN is soluble in HNO3 be
2) Silver halides are soluble in HNO3 1) 2)
3) Na2 S and NaCN are decomposed by HNO3
4) Ag 2 S is soluble in HNO3

Multiple Correct Answers Type

585. Amongst the given options, the compound (s)
in which all the atoms are in one plane on all
P a g e | 39
 3) 4) Statement 2 is not correct explanation for
Statement 1
3) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False
4) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True
591. Which of the following common reactions 596
occur during Duma's method and Leibig's
method? Statement 1: Equivalent of K2 Cr2O7 has 1
∆
1) C + 2CuO → 2Cu + CO2 equivalent of K and Cr and O
∆ each.
2) 2H + CuO → Cu + H2 O Statement 2: A species contains same
3) N + CuO → N2 +Oxides of nitrogen number of equivalents of its
∆
4) NaPO4 + 3HNO3 → H3 PO4 + 3NaNO3 components.
592. Which of the following compounds can be 597
purified by steam distillation?
Statement 1: The molality of the solution
1) Nitrobenzene
does not change with change
2) Bromobenzene
in temperature.
3) Salicyladehyde
Statement 2: The molality of the solution is
4) 𝑝-hydroxybenzaldehyde
expressed in units of moles
593. Kjeldahl's method can't be used for estimation
per 1000 g of solvent.
of nitrogen in
598
1) Pyridine
2) C6 H5 NO2 Statement 1: Equivalent weight of ozone in
3) C6 H5 NHCOCH3 the change O3→O2 is 8.
4) C6 H5 − N = N − C6 H5 Statement 2: 1 mole O3 of on
594. Which of the following statement is correct? 3
decomposition gives2 moles
1) Impure glycerine can be purified by ordinary
of O2.
distillation
599
2) Ethanol and water can't be separated from
each other completely by simple distillation Statement 1: Normally and molarity can be
method as they form azeotropic mixture calculated from each other.
3) Two solid organic substances are said to be Statement 2: Normally is equal to the
different if their mixed melting point is product of molarity and n.
depressed below the melting points of both 600
of these
4) All of the above Statement 1: Dehydration of alcohol is an
595. An organic compound contains about 52% example of elimination
carbon. It could be reaction
1) Phenol 2) Dimethyl ether Statement 2: When
3) Ethanol 4) Acetic acid H2 SO4 or H3 PO4(concentrate
d ) are used as dehydrating
Assertion - Reasoning Type agent, the mechanism is 𝐸1
601
This section contain(s) 13 question(s) numbered
596 to 608. Each question contains STATEMENT Statement 1: Carbanion like ammonia have
1(Assertion) and STATEMENT 2(Reason). Each pyramidal shape
question has the 4 choices (1), (2), (3) and (4) out Statement 2: The carbon atom carrying
of which ONLY ONE is correct. negative charge has an octet
1) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; of electrons
Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement 602
1
2) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True;

P a g e | 40
 Statement 1: 607

is more stable Statement 1: Benzoic acid is purified by

sublimation process
Statement 2: Sublimation process is very
useful in separating a volatile
than solid from a non-volatile solid
Statement 2: Compound in which the 608
positive and negative charges
reside on the most Statement 1: In Messenger's method, the
electropositive and most colourless solution, the liquid
electronegative atoms of the is transferred to beaker and
species respectively is more barium chloride added to
stable estimate sulphuric acid as
603 BaSO4 in the usual way
Statement 2: If an experiment 0.36 g of an
Statement 1: Electrophile are electron rich organic compound gave 0.35
in nature of BaSO4. the percentage of
Statement 2: H3 O+ , BF3 and AlCl3 are sulphur in the compound is
electrophile and can accept 13.35%
electron pair
604 Matrix-Match Type
Statement 1: Lessaigne's test is the for This section contain(s) 1 questions. Each question
nitrogen only contains Statements given in 2 columns which have
Statement 2: If halogens are present in to be matched. Statements in columns I have to be
organic compound, it react matched with Statements in columns II.
with sodium to form sodium
halides which dissolves in 609 Compare List I and List II and choose the
water . correct matching codes from the choices given.
605
Column-I Column- II
Statement 1: ‘A Victor Mayer tube’ of hard
glass, having a side-tube, (A) Glycerol (1) Sublimation
leading to the arrangement (B) 𝑜-nitrophenol (2) Beilstein’s test
for collection of displaced air
over water. (C) Anthracene (3) Victor-Meyer’s
Statement 2: An outer jacket of copper, method
containing a liquid boiling at (D) Halogens (4) Steam distillation
nearly 30℃ higher than the
substance whose molecular (E) Molecular weight (5) Vacuum distillation
mass is to be determined (6) Eudiometry
606
Codes :
Statement 1: The empirical formula of
glucose is CH2 O which A B C D E
represents the relative
number of atoms of each (1) 5 4 1 2 3
atom present in this molecule
(2) 4 5 1 6 2
Statement 2: In glucose, the elements C, H,
O have combined in the ratio (3) 6 4 1 3 2
1:2:1

P a g e | 41
 (4) 5 4 6 2 3 However, allylic rearrangement can also take place
under SN 2 conditions through the following
(5) 4 6 2 3 5 mechanism in which nucleophilic attacks at the 𝛾-
carbon instead of at the usual position. This
Linked Comprehension Type mechanism is called SN 2 mechanism and is an
allylics rearrangement. SN 2 mechanism takes place
This section contain(s)4 paragraphs. Based upon under SN 2 conditions where 𝛼-substitution
each paragraph, multiple choice questions have to sterically retards the normal SN 2 mechanism
be answered. Each question has at least 4 choices
(a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is
correct.

Paragraph for Question Nos. 610 - 612

613. Which one of the halide is most reactive for
We have already said that resonance effects are SN 2 reaction?
encountered mainly in molecule with multiple, 𝑖𝑒, 𝜋 1) C6 H5 CH2 Cl
bonds. Except in a few special molecules, the 𝜎- 2) CH3 − O − CH2 − Cl
bond framework is not involved in significant 3) CH2 = CH − CH2 − Cl
resonance interaction. This fact can be rationalized 4) CH3 − CO − CH2 − Cl
by nothing that electron in 𝜋 bonds are higher in 614. For the reaction
energy than those in 𝜎-bonds, making the 𝜋-
bonding electrons more reactive and also more .The rate
polarizable than 𝜎-bonding electrons. For example, will be maximum when is
here four structures we might write for ethylene 1) 2) 3) 4)
615. Which of the following is excellent substrate
for SN 2 reaction?
1) CH3 − Br 2) CH3 − O − CH2 − Br
O
3) || 4) CH3 − CH2 − I
CH3 − C − CH2 − Br
610. Which of the following compounds shows Paragraph for Question Nos. 616 - 618
resonance? In Carius method a known mass of the organic
1) Ethyne 2) Ethane compound is heated with excess of fuming HNO3
3) Touene 4) Cyclohexene and a few crystals of AgNO3 in a sealed tube called
611. Naphthalene is an example of Carius tube. C an H are oxidised to CO2 and H2 O
1) Alicyclic compound respectively and the halogens are converted into
2) Heterocylic compound silver halides. The ppt. of silver halide is filtered,
3) Aliphatic compound washed, dried and weighted. The percentage of
4) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon halogen can be calculated from the mass of silver
612. In benzene, all the C − C bonds have the same halide formed
length because of 35.5 mass of AgCl formed
Percentage of Cl = 143.5 = × 100
1) Isomerism 2) Tautomerism mass of sub taken
80 mass of AgCl formed
3) Resonance 4) Inductive effect Percentage of Br = 188 = mass of sub taken × 100
Paragraph for Question Nos. 613 - 615 127 mass of AgCl formed
Percentage of I = 235 = mass of sub taken × 100
Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic carbon may
also takes place by SN 2 mechanism without allylic
rearrangement. This mechanism operates with 616. When 0.35 g of an organic compound is heated
primary allyl halides in the presence of polar with HNO3 and AgNO3 in a Carius tube, it gives
aprotic solvents 0.70 g of silver chloride. The percentage of
Nal chloride in the compound is
CH2 = CH − CH2 − Br → CH2 = CH − CH2 − I 1) 54.8% 2) 49.47%
Acetone

P a g e | 42
 3) 34.6% 4) 25.85% united or linked together
617. Which of the following methods is used to H H H H
estimate iodine in the laboratory? | | | |
1) Duma's method 2) Liebig's method H−C−C−O−H H−C−O−C−H
3) Kjeldahl's method 4) Carius method | | | |
618. 0.197 g of an organic substance when heated H H H H
with excess of strong nitric acid and nitrate ethyl alcohol dimethyl ether
gave 0.3525g of silver iodine. The percentage
of iodine in the compound is 619. What is the molecular formula of a compound,
1) 84.6% 2) 38.6% 3) 96.68% 4) 53.86% its empirical formula is CH2 O and its molecular
Paragraph for Question Nos. 619 - 621 weight is 90°?
The molecular formula of a compound gives the 1) C3 H6 O3 2) C6 H6 O3 3) C4 H8 O4 4) C2 H6 O2
actual number of atoms of each element present in 620. An organic compound contain C = 40%, H =
a molecule of the compound. It is either the same as 13.33% and N = 46.67%. Its empirical formula
the empirical formula or a simple multiple of it. would be
Molecular formula= (Empirical formula)𝑛 1) CHN 2) C2 H2 N 3) C3 H7 N 4) CH4 N
Where, 𝑛 is a whole number and its value is 621. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2 .
obtained by dividing the molecular mass of the One mole of this compound has a mass of 42 g.
compound by its empirical formula mass. Its molecular formula is
Structural formula is that formula which shows in 1) C2 H2 2) C3 H6 3) C3 H8 4) CH4
what way different kinds of atoms in a molecule are

P a g e | 43
 URBANE JUNIOR COLLEGE
Plot No.261, Phase -1, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur, Hyderabad-500081

IIT JEE (Main) / Advanced/ EAMCET/CPT

Date : 28/05/2018 TEST ID: 515
Time : 19:28:00 Hrs. CHEMISTRY
Marks : 2336
12.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

: ANSWER KEY :
1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 157) 3 158) 4 159) 3 160) 3
5) 2 6) 1 7) 2 8) 3 161) 4 162) 4 163) 3 164) 4
9) 1 10) 4 11) 1 12) 2 165) 1 166) 4 167) 3 168) 1
13) 4 14) 4 15) 3 16) 4 169) 3 170) 4 171) 2 172) 3
17) 4 18) 2 19) 1 20) 3 173) 4 174) 2 175) 3 176) 3
21) 4 22) 2 23) 4 24) 2 177) 3 178) 3 179) 4 180) 2
25) 1 26) 1 27) 3 28) 1 181) 3 182) 2 183) 4 184) 1
29) 2 30) 4 31) 4 32) 2 185) 3 186) 3 187) 1 188) 1
33) 4 34) 2 35) 1 36) 1 189) 3 190) 2 191) 2 192) 3
37) 3 38) 2 39) 1 40) 3 193) 2 194) 4 195) 2 196) 2
41) 1 42) 1 43) 2 44) 4 197) 1 198) 2 199) 4 200) 4
45) 1 46) 1 47) 3 48) 4 201) 2 202) 1 203) 4 204) 4
49) 4 50) 4 51) 4 52) 4 205) 2 206) 4 207) 1 208) 1
53) 2 54) 1 55) 3 56) 4 209) 1 210) 4 211) 2 212) 2
57) 3 58) 2 59) 2 60) 1 213) 3 214) 2 215) 1 216) 3
61) 3 62) 1 63) 1 64) 3 217) 3 218) 4 219) 4 220) 3
65) 4 66) 1 67) 3 68) 1 221) 3 222) 2 223) 1 224) 1
69) 1 70) 2 71) 2 72) 4 225) 1 226) 1 227) 3 228) 2
73) 1 74) 1 75) 4 76) 3 229) 1 230) 1 231) 3 232) 3
77) 2 78) 3 79) 3 80) 2 233) 4 234) 2 235) 3 236) 2
81) 4 82) 2 83) 2 84) 2 237) 2 238) 2 239) 4 240) 3
85) 2 86) 4 87) 2 88) 2 241) 3 242) 2 243) 1 244) 4
89) 3 90) 2 91) 3 92) 2 245) 1 246) 4 247) 1 248) 1
93) 1 94) 4 95) 1 96) 1 249) 2 250) 1 251) 4 252) 3
97) 2 98) 4 99) 1 100) 1 253) 1 254) 1 255) 3 256) 1
101) 1 102) 3 103) 1 104) 1 257) 3 258) 3 259) 1 260) 1
105) 2 106) 1 107) 1 108) 3 261) 2 262) 1 263) 4 264) 2
109) 2 110) 2 111) 2 112) 4 265) 1 266) 1 267) 2 268) 1
113) 2 114) 1 115) 2 116) 4 269) 4 270) 1 271) 4 272) 1
117) 1 118) 3 119) 3 120) 1 273) 1 274) 4 275) 4 276) 2
121) 4 122) 2 123) 1 124) 2 277) 1 278) 4 279) 3 280) 1
125) 4 126) 4 127) 3 128) 4 281) 1 282) 1 283) 4 284) 3
129) 4 130) 2 131) 3 132) 2 285) 3 286) 3 287) 4 288) 4
133) 2 134) 4 135) 1 136) 1 289) 2 290) 3 291) 2 292) 2
137) 1 138) 3 139) 2 140) 3 293) 4 294) 3 295) 2 296) 4
141) 2 142) 3 143) 3 144) 4 297) 4 298) 3 299) 2 300) 4
145) 3 146) 3 147) 1 148) 4 301) 1 302) 2 303) 2 304) 4
149) 3 150) 4 151) 2 152) 3 305) 1 306) 4 307) 2 308) 3
153) 1 154) 1 155) 2 156) 2 309) 4 310) 2 311) 4 312) 3

P a g e | 44
313) 1 314) 3 315) 1 316) 2 517) 3 518) 3 519) 4 520) 3
317) 2 318) 1 319) 3 320) 4 521) 1 522) 2 523) 1 524) 4
321) 2 322) 4 323) 1 324) 1 525) 4 526) 4 527) 4 528) 3
325) 2 326) 3 327) 1 328) 1 529) 1 530) 4 531) 4 532) 4
329) 1 330) 1 331) 2 332) 3 533) 4 534) 2 535) 1 536) 4
333) 4 334) 4 335) 3 336) 2 537) 2 538) 4 539) 1 540) 1
337) 2 338) 3 339) 4 340) 2 541) 2 542) 3 543) 1 544) 2
341) 3 342) 3 343) 3 344) 3 545) 1 546) 4 547) 2 548) 4
345) 1 346) 3 347) 4 348) 4 549) 3 550) 4 551) 1 552) 2
349) 3 350) 1 351) 3 352) 2 553) 3 554) 3 555) 4 556) 4
353) 3 354) 2 355) 3 356) 2 557) 2 558) 3 559) 4 560) 2
357) 3 358) 3 359) 3 360) 3 561) 3 562) 3 563) 3 564) 1
361) 2 362) 4 363) 2 364) 1 565) 3 566) 4 567) 2 568) 2
365) 4 366) 2 367) 2 368) 2 569) 3 570) 2 571) 3 572) 3
369) 2 370) 3 371) 1 372) 2 573) 3 574) 1 575) 2 576) 2
373) 3 374) 4 375) 4 376) 2 577) 2 578) 3 579) 2 580) 3
377) 1 378) 3 379) 4 380) 3 581) 2 582) 3 583) 2 584) 3
381) 2 382) 2 383) 2 384) 2 585) 2, c 586) 2,3 587) 2,4 588)
385) 2 386) 4 387) 4 388) 4 3,4
389) 4 390) 1 391) 1 392) 3 589) 2,3 590) 1,3 591) 1,2 592)
393) 3 394) 1 395) 3 396) 1 1,2,3
397) 2 398) 1 399) 3 400) 1 593) 1,2,4 594) 2,3 595) 2,3 596) 1
401) 3 402) 4 403) 1 404) 3 597) 1 598) 2 599) 1 600) 2
405) 4 406) 3 407) 1 408) 3 601) 2 602) 1 603) 4 604) 4
409) 2 410) 3 411) 4 412) 3 605) 2 606) 1 607) 1 608) 2
413) 3 414) 1 415) 4 416) 4 609) 1 610) 3 611) 4 612) 3
417) 1 418) 1 419) 2 420) 3 613) 4 614) 3 615) 3 616) 2
421) 3 422) 2 423) 4 424) 1 617) 4 618) 3 619) 1 620) 4
425) 1 426) 3 427) 2 428) 3 621) 2
429) 1 430) 3 431) 1 432) 4
433) 1 434) 3 435) 1 436) 2
437) 3 438) 3 439) 1 440) 1
441) 4 442) 4 443) 2 444) 3
445) 2 446) 1 447) 4 448) 1
449) 4 450) 1 451) 2 452) 4
453) 2 454) 1 455) 1 456) 3
457) 4 458) 1 459) 1 460) 1
461) 4 462) 3 463) 2 464) 1
465) 3 466) 3 467) 1 468) 4
469) 3 470) 3 471) 4 472) 4
473) 4 474) 2 475) 4 476) 2
477) 2 478) 2 479) 1 480) 2
481) 3 482) 2 483) 4 484) 3
485) 2 486) 3 487) 1 488) 3
489) 3 490) 1 491) 1 492) 2
493) 4 494) 4 495) 4 496) 2
497) 1 498) 3 499) 2 500) 2
501) 4 502) 4 503) 4 504) 2
505) 3 506) 4 507) 2 508) 4
509) 2 510) 3 511) 3 512) 4
513) 3 514) 4 515) 4 516) 3
P a g e | 45
 URBANE JUNIOR COLLEGE
Plot No.261, Phase -1, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur, Hyderabad-500081

IIT JEE (Main) / Advanced/ EAMCET/CPT

Date : 28/05/2018 TEST ID: 515
Time : 19:28:00 Hrs. CHEMISTRY
Marks : 2336
12.ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

Single Correct Answer Type methoxy propane
1 (2)

IUPAC name of the above compound is 3- 11 (1)

carboxyhexane-l, 6-dioic acid. 𝐶𝐻2 = 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻𝑂
5 (2) Prop -2-en-1-al
𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛 𝑂2 is general formula for open chain acid 12 (2)
and ester. (𝐶𝐻3 )3 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝐻 is 𝑛𝑒𝑜 -pentyl alcohol.
𝑛 = 3 𝐶3 𝐻6 𝑂2 14 (4)
O Select longest possible carbon atom chain,
∥ number it and name compound according to
Acid CH3 CH2 − C − O − H IUPAC, rules.
O
∥
Easter CH3 − C − O − CH3
8 (3)
Esters are named by prefixing the name of the
alkyl or aryl group (of OR’ part) before the name
of the parent acid and changing the suffix ic acid 15 (3)
to ate. Hence, the structure of phenyl ehtanoate is 2-butanol has following structure
OH
|
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
9 (1)
2° carbon
The structural formula of the compound 5-nitro-
R − CH2 OH − 1° alcohol
3-methoxy-3-methyl hexanoyl chloride is as

10 (4)
Only two unsymmetrical ether is possible from 16 (4)
the formula 𝐶4 𝐻10 𝑂 𝑣𝑖𝑧 CHO
CH3 CH2 CH2 − O − CH3 | is called glyoxal
CHO
P a g e | 46
17 (4)
IUPAC name of acraldehyde
(CH2 = CH. CHO) is: The structural formula of epoxide is
It consists three membered ring with two carbon
and one oxygen.
30 (4)
18 (2)
According to IUPAC system ethers are named as
alkoxy alkanes. The larger alkyl group forms the
parent chain while lower alkyl group is taken with
the ethereal oxygen and forms a part of alkoxy
group.

In IUPAC system, anhydrides are named as

alkanoic anhydride.
19 (1) 31 (4)
The structure of 2, 3-dimethyl hexane is CH3
|
CH3 − C − CH3
|
OH
is the formula of tertiary butyl alcohol as in
So, the number of tertiary carbon atoms=2 it – OH group is attached to tertiary carbon.
The number of secondary carbon atoms=2 32 (2)
The number of primary carbon atoms=4
21 (4)
NH2
|
CH3 − CH − CH3
2-propanamine
23 (4)
Cyano group has the highest priority therefore,
parent name must be benzonitrile. Br occurs at 2-
position, and hydroxyl at 3-position, hence the
IUPAC name is 2-bromo-5-hydroxy benzonitrile.
33 (4)

Its IUPAC name is 2-iodo-2-methyl propane.

26 (1)

The above compound is an ether and its name is

Its IUPAC name is 3,5-dimethylcyclohexene. written as alkoxy alkane. Oxy is attached with the
28 (1) lower group. Hence, the IUPAC name of above
compound is 2-ethoxy propane.
38 (2)

P a g e | 47
 The neopentane:
𝐶𝐻3
|
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻3
|
𝐶𝐻3 IUPAC name=3, 3-dimethyl-1-butene.
IUPAC name:2,2-dimethyl propane 49 (4)
40 (3) Glycerine contains
α CH − OH ← 1° alcohol
2
|
β CH − OH ← 2°alcohol

|
α CH − OH ← 1° alcohol
2
∵ The order is priority is −𝐶𝐻𝑂 > −𝐶𝑙. 51 (4)
42 (1) Neohexyl chloride is a primary halide as in it, Cl-
According to IUPAC system, ether are named as atom is attached to a primary carbon.
alkoxy alkanes. The larger alkyl group froms the CH3
parent chain while lower alkyl group is taken |
ethereal oxygen and forms a part of alkoxy group. CH3 − C − CH2 − CH2 Cl
|
CH3
53 (2)

43 (2)

The IUPAC name of this molecule is 2-bromo-3-

ethyl-1, 4-pentadiene.
54 (1)
First the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms is selected. Now numbered the chain from
It is an ether and the name of ether is given as the side containing senior functional group (𝑖. 𝑒.,
alkoxy alkane. So, its name is methoxy benzene. the group placed above in the seniority table).
45 (1)
2-methyl propane-2-ol is 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡-butyl alcohol.
CH3
|
H3 C − C − CH3
|
OH 55 (3)
46 (1)
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶 = 𝑁 is known as acetonitrile or methyl
cyanide.
47 (3)
O
|| [The configuration of this compound is 𝐸 because
CH3 − C − NHBr bulkier groups are present at opposite of the
N-bromoethanamide double bond.]
48 (4) 56 (4)
CH3 − CH − CH − CH3

P a g e | 48
 | |
CH3 OH
2-methyl butan-2-ol
57 (3)

Carbon with – OH group is given C1 thus it is 3, 3-

dimethyl-1-cyclohexanol.
65 (4)
1° carbon is attached to one carbon atom.
Its IUPAC name is bicyclo [1,1,0] butane.
2° carbon is attached to two carbon atms.
58 (2)
3° carbon is attached to three carbon atoms.
3-chloro-2, 3-dimethyl pentane contains all the
The hydrogen attached to 2° carbon atom are 2°.
four 1°,2°, 3° and 4° carbon atoms.

∴ It has one 2° carbon atom and two 2°hydrogen

atoms.
66 (1)
59 (2) IUPAC name of CH3 CH2 CHO is propan-1-al.
X-crown-Y, 18-crown-6 67 (3)
First number X is the total number of ‘C’ and ‘O’
atoms in the ring and second number Y is the
number of oxygen atom in ring.
60 (1)

This compound contains 7 carbon atoms, so the

corresponding alkane is heptane. Two bridges
contain 4 and 1 carbon atom respectively and one
bridge does not contain any carbon atom. So the
name of the compound is bicyclo (4,1,0) heptane.
68 (1)
Hydroxy is used when – OH group is written in
2 1
prefix. So, choice (b) and (c) are wrong. C2 H5 − C − CH2 OH
61 (3)
3∥
CH2
2-ethylprop-2-en-1-ol
70 (2)
The structure of cyclopropane, cyclobutane and
cyclo hexane are as

Unsaturation (double bond) is given priority over

halogen, then lowest set of locants. So, the correct
IUPAC name is 3-bromo-1-chlorocyclohexene.
62 (1)
The correct decreasing order of priority for the
functional groups of organic compounds in the
IUPAC system is Hence, the common group in cyclopropane,
−COOH > 𝑆O3 H > −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅 > 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝑙 > −𝐶𝑂𝑁H2 cyclobutane and cyclohexane is >𝐶𝐻2 group.
> −𝐶𝑁 > −𝐶𝐻 = 𝑂 72 (4)
64 (3)
P a g e | 49
 ⇒ It is a conjugated diene.

Hence, correct IUPAC name is bicyclo [2,2,0]

hexane.
74 (1) ⇒ It is a conjugated diene.
Glycerol is a trihydric alcohol. It is CH2 OH −
CHOH − CH2 OH. It contains three hydroxyl group. V. Prop -1, 2-diene is a cumulative diene.
It is present in nature in oils and fats as its Hence, statement 3 and 5 are correct.
carboxylic esters. 79 (3)
75 (4) Di-chloro acetic acid due to presence of two
electron with drawing chloro groups
(−𝐼 showing group)is more acidic than acetic
acid(+𝐼 showing − CH3 group).
80 (2)

O Due to (𝑒 − withdrawing tendency)

∥ carbocation will appear farther to that (terminal).
Keto (−𝐶−) functional group is given priority. Hence, product is R 3 N − CH2 − CH2 Br.
77 (2) 81 (4)
IUPAC name of compound. Electron donors are bases. Since, electron density
is highest at

Straight chain which contains large number of (Piperidine), hence, it is most basic.
side chains taken as parent chain and counting 82 (2)
starts from that side where the side chain is Electromeric effect occurs only in the presence of
nearest. attacking reagent. It operates in the molecules
3-methyl-5(1-methyl ethyl) octane. having multiple bonds. Since, it exists only on the
78 (3) demand of attacking reagent, it is a temporary
In conjugated diene alternate single and double effect. e.g.,
bonds are present while in cumulative diene,
double bonds are present at adjacent positions.

⇒ It is an isolated diene.
84 (2)
−Cl is an electron withdrawing (i.e.,−𝐼 showing)
group. It withdraws electrons when attached to
the carboxylic acid and decreases the electron
⇒ It is a cumulative diene.
density on the oxygen atom. This will facilitate the
release of H + by making O − H bond more polar
and thus – Cl increases the acidity of acetic acid
P a g e | 50
 when attached at, 𝛼 position because of – 𝐼 effect. 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 nitrophenol is most acidic because in – NO2
85 (2) electron attracting group is attached to 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜
position which helps in stabilising the negative
charge on the oxygen of phenoxide ion. Hence,
due to this reason acidic character of phenol is
increased, while on attachment of – 𝐶𝐻3 group
(electron donating group) acidic strength of
phenol is decreased in cresol due to the
destabilisation of phenoxide ion.
When methylene group (−𝐶𝐻2 ) is attached with 88 (2)
two electron withdrawing groups (like, −CHO, > Alkyl group (an electron releasing (+𝐼 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
𝐶 = 𝑂, −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻, −𝐶𝑁, −𝑋, 𝑒𝑡𝑐), its acidity will increases electron density at N-atom, hence, basic
increase due to – 𝐼 effect of the electron nature is increased. In ammonia, no alkyl group is
withdrawing groups. present, so it is least basic.
86 (4) 89 (3)
In homolytic cleavage, covalent bond is cleaved in Chlorobenzene is o, p directing in electrophilic
such a way that each atom takes its shared substitution reaction. The directing influence is
electrons with itself and free radicals are formed. explained by +𝑀 of Cl atom

87 (2)
Phenols are much more acidic than alcohol due to
the stabilisation of phenoxide ion resonance.

90 (2)
Phenoxide ion is stabilised due to following Electron withdrawing group has – 𝐼 effect while
resonating structures. electron donating group has +𝐼 effect.
In 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻, the alkyl group (−𝐶𝐻3 ) due to its
greater +𝐼 effect increases the electron density on
oxygen atom of the O-H bond. Due to this the
release of H + ion in acetic acid will be more
difficult as compared to formic acid.
91 (3)
∵ C – H bond in toluene has partial double bond
character due to resonance.
∴ C – H bond in toluene has less energy as
compared to others.
92 (2)
In toluene (−𝐶𝐻3 ) group is present which has +𝐼
effect and increases electron density on 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 position. While in sulphonation – 𝑆𝑂3 acts
While, in alcohols as electrophile. Therefore, it (−𝑆𝑂3 𝐻) attacks on
𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 position readily.
93 (1)
Mesomeric effect involves complete transfer of 𝜋

P a g e | 51
 or lone pair of electrons to the adjacent atom or
covalent bond. Hence, it involves delocalisation of
pi (𝜋) electrons.
94 (4)
I>III>II>IV

+𝑀 effect,
hyperconjugation (6Hs) and +𝐼 effect (2
Me-groups)

96 (1)
+𝑀 effect, 𝑝𝐾𝑎 value of carboxylic group is less than 𝑝𝐾𝑎 of
hyperconjugation (3Hs) and +𝐼 effect (1-
Me group) in amino acid and (Z) will have

comparatively less 𝑝𝐾𝑎 than (Y) due to –I

effect of carboxylic group. We know that acidic
strength in inversely proportional to 𝑝𝐾𝑎 . Hence,
correct order of acidic strength is
Hyperconjugation
(5Hs) and +𝐼 effect
97 (2)
The order of homolytic bond dissociation energies
of 𝐶𝐻4 , 𝐶2 𝐻6 and 𝐶𝐻3 𝐵𝑟 is as
CH4 > C2 H6 > 𝐶H3 Br
∆H (kcal/mol) 105 100 70
98 (4)
Hyperconjugation
(2Hs) and +𝐼 effect

95 (1)
−NH2 has +R effect, it donates electrons to the
benzene ring. As a result, the lone pair of electron
on the N-atom gets delocalized over the benzene
ring. As a result, the lone pair of electron on the N-
atom gets delocalized over the benzene ring and
thus it is less readily available for protonation.
Hence, aniline is a weaker base than
cyclohexylamine.

are soluble in aq. NaOH. Benzylic alcohol is less

acidic than water so not soluble in aq. NaOH,
99 (1)
Due to resonance partial double bond character is
created on vinyl chloride. So, chlorine atom is not
replaced easily

P a g e | 52
 105 (2)
100 (1) Inductive effect involves only displacement (and
The rate of reaction is influenced by the not delocalisation) of 𝜎 −electrons.
hyperconjugation effect of group R. it depends on 106 (1)
the electron donating power of alkyl group (R). Fluoro group causes negative inductive effect
The electron releasing power of R group depends increasing ionisation, thus 0.1M difluoroacetic
on the number of hydrogen present on 𝛼 carbon. acid has highest electrical conductivity.
The increasing order of speed with R group in the
reaction is

107 (1)
i.e., IV<III<II<I Covalent bonds are cleaved in homolytic way in
101 (1) presence of UV light. It results in formation of free
Two positive charges present at the adjacent radical.
place, elevates the energy, thus lowers the
stability most.
102 (3)
According to Lewis, electron acceptor compounds 108 (3)
are called acids. Therefore, compounds having The octet of all atoms are complete in structures 𝑎
tendency to accept electrons will be more acidic. and 𝑏. The molecule in which all the atoms have
The correct order of acidic character is as follows: completed octet is more stable than atom which
have incomplete octet. Larger the number of
resonating structures, larger will be the stability,
thus structures 𝑎 and 𝑏 are stable.
In structure (d), the electron deficient of positive
charged carbon is duly compensated by one pair
electrons of adjacent oxygen atoms while such
neighbour group support is not available in
structure (c). Hence, structure (c) is least stable
103 (1) in comparison to structure (d).
A carboxylic acid is stronger acid than phenol, 109 (2)
hence both III and IV are stronger acids than both +
Among the given species 𝐶 𝐻 𝑁𝐻 does not exert
6 5 3
I and II. Also IV has a methyl group that gives
a resonance effect.
electrons donating inductive effect and decreases
the acid strength. Therefore, III is stronger acid
than IV. Between I and II, the dominate electron
withdrawing inductive effect of chlorine increases
acid strength of phenol slightly, hence II is
stronger of phenol slightly, hence, II is stronger
acid than I.
Thus, the overall order is: (a) III>IV>II>I. Structure II is not possible
104 (1) because in it nitrogen contains 10 valence
In homolysis, the covalent bond is broken in such electrons.
a way that each resulting species known as free 110 (2)
radical. Due to resonance; the carbonyl group of benzoic

P a g e | 53
 acid is coplanar with the ring. If the electron oxygen, a most electronegative element here, thus
withdrawing substituent (i.e., −𝐼 showing) is it is resonance stabilised.
present at 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 position, it prevents the HC ≡ C− : Carbon is 𝑠𝑝-hybridised so its
coplanarity and thus, the resonance. Hence, electronegativity is increased higher relative to
makes the acid more stronger. nitrogen.
Thus, among the given acids, 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 hydroxy 𝑁̅𝐻2 : Nitrogen is more electronegative than 𝑠𝑝 3 -
benzene acid is the most acidic. hybridised C-atom. From the above discussion, it
111 (2) is clear that the order of the stability of
Homolytic fission is favoured by sunlight. In it, conjugated bases is as
each bonded atom takes away its shared electrons 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂− > 𝐻𝐶 ≡ 𝐶 − > 𝑁 ̅𝐻2 > 𝑅 −
and thus free radicals are produced. and higher is the stability of conjugated bases,
lower will be basic character. Hence, the order of
basic character is as
112 (4) 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂− < 𝐻𝐶 ≡ 𝐶 − < 𝑁 ̅𝐻2 < 𝑅 −
Methoxy group, due to +𝐼 effect, increase electron 117 (1)
density on OH- group, thus making it less acidic. +I effect is shown by – CH3 while – I effect is
Thus, 𝑜-methoxy phenol and acetylene are less shown by – Br, −Cl and−NO2 .
than phenol. 118 (3)
𝑝-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol. A monosubstituted benzoic acid is stronger than a
113 (2) monosubstituted phenol as former being a
Hyperconjugation arises due to the partial carboxylic acid. Among the given substituted
overlap of a 𝑠𝑝 3 − 𝑠 (a C-H bond) with the empty benzoic acid, 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 − hydroxy acid is strongest
𝑝 −orbital of an adjacent positively charged acid although – OH causes electron donation by
carbon atom. resonance effect which tends to decreases acid
strength. It is due to very high stabilisation of
conjugate base by intramolecular H-bond which
outweight the electron donating resonance effect
of – OH.

114 (1)
The overall order of acid-strength of given four
Inductive effect is the permanent effect on
acids is 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜-hydroxybenzoic acid (pK a =
𝜎 −electrons. It involve the electron displacement
2.98) > Toluic acid pk a = 4.37) >
along the chain of saturated carbon atoms due to
𝑝 −hydroxybenzoic acid
the presence of a polar covalent bond at one end
(𝑝𝑘𝑎 = 4.58) > 𝑝 −nitrophenol (𝑝𝑘𝑎 = 7.15).
of the chain.
119 (3)
115 (2)
Among carbonyl compounds, reactivity decrease
Due to the presence of methyl group positive
with increase in alkyl groups as alkyl groups
inductive effect increases and the stability of
(+𝐼 effects) decrease positive character on C-
carbocation also increases. The stability order of
atom. Thus, the correct order of reactivity is
carbocation is
HCHO > 𝐶H3 CHO > C6 H5 CHO
Tertiary > Secondary > Primary
120 (1)
116 (4)
Orbital interaction between the 𝜎- bonds of a
substituent group and a neighbouring 𝜋-orbital is
known as hyperconjugation.
:In
carboxylate ion, the negative charge is present on

P a g e | 54
 ∴Number of hybrid orbitals =3+0=3
Hence, hybridisation is 𝑠𝑝 2 and geometry is
planar.
125 (4)
121 (4) An organic ion with a pair of available electrons
There are total 6α − H to 𝑠𝑝 2 carbon and they all and a negative charge on the central carbon atom
can participate in hyperconjugation. is called a carbanion.

Electron attracting group

increases stability and electron releasing group
(−𝐶𝐻3 𝑒𝑡𝑐) decreases the stability of carbanion. In
(𝐶𝐻3 )3 𝐶 −, three – 𝐶𝐻3 groups (electron releasing
group) are present, so it least stable.
126 (4)
In the following carbocation; 𝐻/𝐶𝐻3 that is most
likely to migrate to the positively charged carbon
is

122 (2)
Aryl carbonium ions are more stable than alkyl
carbonium ions. The order of stability of
carbocation is
Triphenyl methyl >Diphenyl methyl>
Benzyl>Allyl>3°>2°>1°> methyl carbocation.
123 (1)
Resonance and inductive effect decide stability of
carbocations.

∴Correct order of stability is

II<I<III<IV
124 (2)
Number of hybrid orbitals =number of 𝜎-
bonds+number of 𝑙𝑝𝑠

127 (3)
Carbanions contain even number of valence
electrons and thus, show diamagnetic behaviour.

P a g e | 55
128 (4)
More the number of hyperconjugated structures,
more will be electronegative chlorine atom.
(a) CH3 − Cl
3-hyperconjugated structures is stabilised by hyperconjugattion, a
(b) CH3 − CH2 − Cl second order resonance.
2-hyperconjugated structures 132 (2)
(c) CH3
|
H − C − Cl
|
CH3
6- hyperconjugated structures
CH3
|
(d) CH3 − CH2 − C − Cl Increasing order of stability of carbocation.
| 1°carbocation <2° carbocation<3°carbocation
CH3 133 (2)
8-hyperconjugated structures When the nucleophilic site is the same,
∵ 8-hyperconjugated structures are possible for nucleophilicity parallels basicity. It means more
(d) basic the nucleophile, stronger is the nucleophile.
∴Chlorine in this is most electronegative.
is the most nucleophilic
129 (4)
Free radicals have unpaired electrons, but are
neutrals and are reactive.

130 (2)
Furthermore the NH2 group away from the
Carbanion – 𝐶 −group is not involved in resonance. Hence,
Here, the carbon atom carries a negative charge its lone pair is reading available.
with lone pair of electrons and has eight electrons 134 (4)
in outermost orbit and complete its octet. Bromination of alkanes in the presence of sunlight
involves the formation of free radical, e.g.,
Br2
CH4 → CH3 Br
hv
Mechanism

Reactions in which carbanions are

formed as intermediate are said to proceed by a
“Carbanion mechanism”.
Carbanion is 𝑠𝑝 3 hybridised, three 𝑠𝑝 3 hybrid
orbitals form covalent bonds with three atoms
while the fourth 𝑠𝑝 3 hybrid orbital has a non-
bonding pair of electrons. It is pyramidal in shape
as similar to NH3 .
131 (3) 135 (1)
In the triphenyl methyl carbonium ion the 𝜋- Phenol reacts with chloform and NaOH to give 𝑜-
electrons of all the three benzene rings are hydroxy benzaldehyde or salicylaldehyde. In this
delocalised with the vacant 𝑝-orbital of central reaction dichlorocarbene (∶ CCl2 ) electrophile is
carbon atom. So, it is resonance stabilised. It is the generated. This reaction is called Reimer-
most stable of all the carbonium ions given Tiemann reaction.
P a g e | 56
 radicals.
142 (3)
Organic
CH3 − CH = CH2 + HBr → CH3 − CH2
peroxide
− CH2 − Br
136 (1) requires radical intermediate.
Free radicals stability Mechanism

137 (1)
The dispersal of the charge stabilises the
carbocation. More the number of alkyl groups; the
greater the dispersal of positive charge and
therefore, more the stability of carbocation, thus
𝐶2 𝐻5+ > 𝐶𝐻3+ , 𝑂 − 𝐶𝐻3 is also an electron
donating group, thus it will increase the stability
of carbocation, hence, the correct order of
stability is C>B>A.
139 (2)
Nucleophilic strength increases down a column of
143 (3)
the Periodic Table (in solvents that can have
hydrogen bonds, such as water, alcohols, thio
alcohols).
Nucleophilic strength 𝑅𝑂− < 𝑅𝑆 −
Base strength 𝑅𝑂⊝ > 𝑅𝑆 −
Thus, 𝑅𝑂⊝ is more nucleophilic but less basic are stabilised
than 𝑅𝑂−
140 (3) hyperconjugation. In benzyl group is
Carbanion is electron rich species. Stability of resonance stabilised. In the triphenyl methyl
carbanion increases with increase in 𝑠 −character carbonium ion, the 𝜋-electrons of all the three
of hybrid orbitals of carbon bearing the charge. benzene rings are delocalised with the vacant 𝑝-
∴ 𝑠𝑝 3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝 orbital of central carbon atom. So, it is resonance
(25%s-character) (33%s-character) (50%s- stabilised. Therefore, it is most stable of the given
character) carbonium ions.
141 (2) More the number of resonatic structures more
Free radicals are electrons deficient compounds. will be the stability.
Alkyl groups are electron donor groups and they 144 (4)
Free radicals have unpaired electrons but are
increase the stability of free radicals.
∴ More the number of alkyl groups, more will be neutrals and are reactive.
stability of free radicals.
∴ 3°>2°>1° is the correct order of stability of free

P a g e | 57
145 (3) (a) Six geometrical isomers
There are four stereoisomers
𝑐𝑖𝑠 − 𝑅 𝑐𝑖𝑠 − 𝑆
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 − 𝑅 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 − 𝑆
146 (3)
To be optically active, compound or structure
should posses a chiral or asymmetric carbon
atom. 1-chloropentane is not chiral.
147 (1)
We know that there are seven isomers in C4 H10 O.
Out of these seven isomers, four are of alcohol and
three are of ether.
148 (4)
Planar hexagon conformer has considerable angle
strain due to the fact that its bonds are not 109.5°.
It also has torsional strain. Due to presence of
these strains planar hexagon conformer of
cyclohexane is least stable.
149 (3)
2-methyl butanoic acid exhibits stereo isomerism.
CH3
|
CH3 − CH2 − CH − COOH
It shows optical isomerism because it contains
asymmetric carbon atom.
150 (4)
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝑂𝐻𝐶2 𝐻5 is optically active because it has
chiral 𝐶 ∗ -atom

151 (2)
Chiral compounds which have one chiral centre.
All four atoms or groups attached to carbon are
different.
152 (3)
Acetophenone oxime can show geometrical
isomerism.
(c)

153 (1)
Twelve in all

P a g e | 58
155 (2)
The structure of isomers from C2 H2 Br2 are
CH2 = CBr2 ;

156 (2)
Geometrical isomerism is shown by >C=C< only
when identical groups are not present on the
double bonded carbon atoms.
158 (4)
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rules,
the priority of groups is decided by the atomic
number of their atoms. When the atom (which is 162 (4)
directly attached to the asymmetric carbon atom) Ethyl acetoacetate shows tautomerism.
of a group has higher atomic number, then the O
group gets higher priority. Groups which atoms of ∥
comparable atomic number having double or CH3 − C − CH2 . COOC2 H5
triple bond, have high priority than those have Keto form
single bond. OH
Hence, the order of priority of group is |
−OH > −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 > −𝐶𝐻𝑂 > −𝐶H2 OH ⟷ CH3 − C = CH. COOC2 H5
159 (3) enol form
163 (3)
The structure of 2, 3, 4-trichloro pentane is

There are two chiral C-atoms (*)

Thus, optical isomerism is possible.
160 (3)
CH3 Hence, two chiral carbon atoms are present in 2,
| 3, 4-trichloropentane.
H3 C − C − Br and CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Br are chain 164 (4)
as well as position isomers. Geometrical isomers of CH3 CH = CH − CH3 are
|
CH3
161 (4)
There are six isomers possible for the compounds
having molecular formula C4 H8 O, which are as 165 (1)
follows Tautomerism it is functional isomerism in which
the isomers are readily interchangeable and
maintain a dynamic equilibrium with each other.

P a g e | 59
 of hybrid orbitals of carbon bearing the charge.
∴ 𝑠𝑝 3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝
(25%s-character) (33%s-character) (50%s-
character)
166 (4) 168 (1)
The number of isomeric alkenes with molecular (a) When optically active acid reacts with racemic
formula C6 H12are 13. mixture of an alcohol, it forms two types of
(1) CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 isomeric esters. In each, the configuration of the
chiral centre of acid will remain the same.
(2) CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 So, the mixture will be optically active.
(𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) 170 (4)
The structure of butane-2, 3-idol is as
(3) CH3 − CH2 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH3

(𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 )

CH3

| ∵ Optical isomers in compounds have similar

(4)CH2 = CH − CH − CH2 − CH3 asymmetric carbon atom, which are even in
number = 2𝑛 − 1
CH3 Here, 𝑛=2
∴ Total number of optically active stereoisomers
| = 22 − 1 = 3
(5)CH2 = C − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 171 (2)
C6 H5 C ≡ N and C6 H5 N ≡ C are functional isomers.
CH3 172 (3)

(6)CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH − CH3

CH3 Since, in the above structures, position of Cl is

different, these are position isomers, which is a
| type of structural isomerism.
173 (4)
(7)CH3 − CH = CH − CH − CH3
When the groups with higher priority (𝑖. 𝑒., with
(𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) high atomic number) are present on same side of
double bond, then the configuration is Z but when
CH3 present on opposite side of double bond, the
configuration is E.
|

(8) CH3 − C = CH − CH2 − CH3

CH3

(9)CH3 − CH = C − CH2 − CH3

(𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 )

167 (3)
Carbanion is electron rich species. Stability of
carbanion increases with increase in 𝑠 −character
P a g e | 60
 176 (3)
Compound 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻𝐶𝑙 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3 shows
optical isomerism due to the presence of chiral
carbon atom.

178 (3)
The total number of cyclic isomers are six as
shown below.

174 (2)
(A)CH3 − CH − CH2 CH3
|
Cl
One asymmetric carbon atom, forms 𝑑, and
𝑙 −optical and isomers.
(b) Two asymmetric carbon atoms, forms 𝑑, 𝑙 and
𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 forms
179 (4)
The carbon, four valencies of which are satisfied
by four different groups, is termed as chiral
carbon atom. The structures of the given
compounds are as

𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜 due to internal compensation

Two asymmetric carbon atoms but does not have

symmetry. Hence, 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 form is not formed.

One asymmetric carbon atom, 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 form is not

formed.
175 (3)
O OH (where, =chiral carbon atom)
Hence, succinic acid does not contain any chiral
∥ | carbon atom.
181 (3)
CH2 CH2 − CH2 − C − CH3 ⇌ CH3 CH2 CH2 − C
= CH2

ketoform enol form

contains asymmetric

P a g e | 61
 carbon, thus optically active.
182 (2)
Keto and enol forms are inter convertable. The
enol content will be maximum when enol form is
stabilised by hydrogen bonding.

𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒 conformation is comparatively more

stable due to hydrogen linkage in between F and
H (at O-atom), hence order is 𝐸𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒, 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖
(staggered), 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒.
186 (3)
In acetyl acetone, the enol form is stabilised by H-
𝐶4 𝐻6 can have five cyclic isomers.
bonding, hence it has more enol content than
other.
183 (4)
Total number of optical isomers=(2)𝑛
(where n=number of asymmetric carbon atom).
= (2)2 = 4
Out of these four optical isomers two are 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜
structures which are optically in active.
∴ Only two structures 𝑑 and 𝑙- tartaric acid are 187 (1)
optically active. One asymmetric carbon atom is present in a lactic
acid molecule. Hence, it is an optically active
compound.

188 (1)
When two compounds have similar molecular
184 (1) formula but differ in the functional group then the
Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror isomerism is called functional group isomerism
images, e.g, lactic acid i.e.,
O
∥
CH3 CH2 CHO and CH3 . CCH3
189 (3)
A compound could be optically active only when it
Diastereomers are non-superimposable and are contains, at least one asymmetric carbon atom or
not the mirror images of each other. Moreover, a chiral centre.
𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 form has plane of symmetry.
185 (3)
HO − CH2 − CH2 − F

190 (2)
There are four structural isomers are possible for
C4 H9 Cl
(a)CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl
P a g e | 62
 (b)CH3 − CH2 − CH − CH3 metamerism. Hence, 𝐶2 𝐻5 − 𝑆 − 𝐶2 𝐻5 will show
| metamerism.
Cl 197 (1)
(c)CH3 − CH − CH2 Cl 2-butene exhibit rotamers. Rotamers are the
| isomers formed by restricted rotation.
CH3 198 (2)
Cl 2-pentanone and 3-methyl-2-butanone are chain
| isomers because they differ in carbon skeleton.
(d)CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 COCH3 CH3 CHCOCH3
| 2-pentanone |
CH3 CH3
191 (2) 3-methyl-2-butanone
The structures of maleic and fumaric acids are 200 (4)
given below The amount of enolic form is highest in acetyl due
H − C − COOH H − C − COOH to the stabilisation of enolic form by hydrogen
∥ ∥ bonding
H − C − COOH HOOC − C − H
(maleic acid) (fumaric acid)
molecular formula (𝐶4 𝐻4 𝑂4 ) molecular
formula(𝐶4 𝐻4 𝑂4 )
The structures of fumaric and maleic acid suggest
that they are geometrical isomers because they
have same molecular formula but different spatial
arrangement of atoms around a double bond.
192 (3)
201 (2)
Fructose has three chiral carbon atoms, hence the
number of optical isomerism = 23 = 8

∴ Number of asymmetric carbon atoms=2

∴ Number of chiral isomers = 2𝑛 = 22 = 4
193 (2)
Racemic mixture is formed by mixing two chiral
compounds.
194 (4)
Glucose contains four chiral carbon atoms hence
number of possible optical isomers are 24 = 16.
195 (2) 202 (1)
Number of meso structures in compound having Number of isomers in hexane are five as follows
odd number of chiral carbon atoms and 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
𝑛 1 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
symmetrical molecule =2( 2 −2)
|
Given, 𝑛 = 5
5 1
𝐶𝐻3
∴ Number of 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 forms =22−2 = 22 = 4 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
196 (2) |
Compounds having bivalent functional group (like 𝐶𝐻3
C=O, –O–, –S – etc) with atleast 4 carbon atoms CH3 CH3
(in case of ether and thioether) or atleast 5 | |
carbon atoms (in case of ketones) exhibit CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH2 − CH3

P a g e | 63
 | | image, it is achiral.
CH2 CH3 212 (2)
| The different arrangement of atoms in space that
CH3 results from the carbon-carbon single bond free
203 (4) rotation by 360° are called conformations or
Molecular formula 𝐶2 𝐵𝑟ClFl six isomers are conformational isomers and this phenomenon is
possible. called conformational isomerism.
213 (3)
Due to restricted rotation about double bond, the
alkene shows geometrical isomerism because the
relative position of atoms or groups attached to
the carbon atoms of the double bond get fixed. If
same groups or atoms attached with double bond
bearing carbon, then alkene doesn’t show
geometrical isomerism.

204 (4)
Metamers of ethyl propionate are as
CH3 COOC3 H7 , C3 H7 COOCH3
205 (2)
214 (2)
CH3 CH2 OH and CH3 OCH3 have different
functional groups.
(𝑖𝑒., -OH in a alcohol and –O-in ether),hence they
are the example of functional isomerism.
206 (4)
𝐶𝑖𝑠 − 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 isomers generally contain double D-glyceraldehyde has the above formula. So, the
bonded carbon atoms. Fischer’s projection formula which is identical to
207 (1) it, is
1, 1-dichloro-1-pentene does not exhibit
geometrical isomerism.
208 (1)
For keto-enol isomerism a compound should have
at least one 𝛼-hydrogen atom with respect to 215 (1)
ketone group or in other words for tautomerism Pentene-2 exhibits 𝑐𝑖𝑠 and 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-isomerism.
presence of 𝛼 −hydrogen atom is essential. 216 (3)
Ethyl alcohol shows functional isomerism with
dimetyl ether.
does not exhibited.
C2 H5 OH CH3 − O − CH3
tautomerism due to absence of 𝛼-hydroegn atom.
alcohol ether
209 (1)
1 217 (3)
Angle strain, 𝛼 = 2 [109°28′ − 𝜃] The compounds which differ in the nature of
In case of cyclopropane, carbon chain are called chain isomers, e.g.,
𝜃 = 60° 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
1 n-pentane
∴ 𝛼 = (109°28′ − 60°) = 24°44′
2 𝐶𝐻3
210 (4) |
If molecule having asymmetric carbon atom and is 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3
not superimoposable on its mirror image then it is iso-pentane
chiral while if it is superimposable on its mirror 𝐶𝐻3
P a g e | 64
 | 223 (1)
𝐻3 𝐶 − 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻3 The structure of D-glyceraldehyde is as
|
𝐶𝐻3
neo-pentane
218 (4)
The stability order of conformation of The priority of groups is decided by the following
cyclohexane is chair>twist boat>boat>half chair.
rules
Hence, half chair is less stable due to torsional and
(i) Atom having higher atomic number gets higher
angle strain. priority
219 (4)
(ii) If the priority cannot be decided by rule 1
then the next atoms are considered for priority
assignment.

(ii) Where there is a = bond or=bond both atoms

are considered to be duplicated or triplicated
Possible number of optical
isomers = 2𝑛 has higher priority than – 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝐻).
= 22 = 4 Hence, the correct order of priority of groups in
220 (3) D-glyceraldehyde is as:
Two isomers
CH3 − CH − CH3 OH(1), CHO(2), CH2 OH (3)and H(4)
|
224 (1)
CH3
The isomerism which arises due to rotation about
Iso-butane
a C-C is called conformational isomerism and the
CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3
isomers are called conformational isomers or
n-butane
rotational isomers or conformers.
221 (3)
225 (1)
The compounds must fulfill two conditions to
Lactic acid obtained in the given reaction is an
show geometrical isomerism.
optically active compound due to the presence of
(i) The compound should have at least one C=C.
chiral C-atom. It exists as 𝑑 and 𝑙 forms whose
(ii) The two groups attached to same carbon must ratio 1:1.
be different.

Out of given choices only (c) fulfill both

conditions and shows geometrical isomerism.

H − C − COOH

H − C − COOH

(c)
227 (3)
2-butene-1,4-dioic acid Nitroalkanes exhibit tautomerism. In it, 𝛼-H-atom
is labile and form nitrolic acid.
222 (2)
Diastereoisomers are a pair of optical isomers
which cannot be related as non-superimposable
mirror images of each other. 228 (2)

P a g e | 65
 The given compound form two geometrical
isomers and two optical isomers.
229 (1)
Ethers show metamerism. Metamerism arises
when a polyvalent functional group

is attached
to different alkyl groups but the molecular
formula remains same e.g., Hence, three isomeric ethers are possible.
C2 H5 − O − C2 H5 and CH3 − O − C3 H7 233 (4)
230 (1) 2, 2-dimethyl butane is 6-carbon hydrocarbon
Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror (𝐶6 𝐻14 )
images. e.g., lactic acid CH3
|
CH3 − C − CH2 − CH3
|
CH3
Rest all are the chain isomers of pentane (𝐶5 𝐻12 ).
231 (3) CH3
Compounds having asymmetric C-atom is |
optically active, 𝑒. 𝑔., H3 C − C − CH3
|
CH3
2,2-dimethyl propane
(neo-pentane)
CH3
The C-atom whose four valencies are satisfied by |
four different groups is asymmetric C-atom. H3 C − CH − CH2 − CH2
232 (3) 2- methyl butane
Isomers of C4 H10 O are as follows (𝑖𝑠𝑜 −pentane)
(i) H3 C − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − OH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
butanol-1 n-pentane
(ii) H3 C − CH − CH2 − CH3 234 (2)
| The R and S enantiomers of an optically active
OH compound differ in their optical rotation of plane
butanol-2 polarised light.
CH3 236 (2)
| C4 H7 Cl is a monochloro derivative of C4 H8 which
(iii) CH3 − CH − CH2 − OH itself exists in three isomeric forms.
2-methyl propanol -1
(i) CH3 − CH2 − CH = CH2 : Its possible mono-
CH3 chloro derivatives are
| CH3 − CH2 − CH = CH − Cl
(iv) H3 C − C − OH 2 isomers 𝑐𝑖𝑠 and 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 forms
|
CH3
2-methyl propan -2-ol
(v) H3 C − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3 Optically active (exists in two forms)
Diethyl ether ClCH2 − CH2 − CH = CH2 (one form)
Cl
|

P a g e | 66
 H3 C − CH2 − C = CH2 (one form) is a 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 compound.
(ii) CH3 − CH = CH − CH3 : Its possible
monochloro derivatives are
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻 = 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻3
|
Cl
Exists in two geometrical forms
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 Cl
Exists in two geometrical forms
(iii)CH3 − C = CH2 : Its possible monochloro
derivatives are
| 242 (2)
CH3

CH3 − C = CH − Cl, (Only one form)

|
CH3
ClCH2 − C = CH2 (only one form)
|
CH3
Thus, the total acylic isomeric forms of C4 H7 Cl are Where 𝐶 ∗ =asymmetric C atom
12. It is a symmetrical molecule, so the number of
238 (2) optically active stereomers=2𝑛−1
The central carbon is attached to four different (𝑛=number of asymmetric C atom)
substituents, hence it is chiral, therefore optically = 22−1
active. = 2−1 = 2
239 (4) 243 (1)
(i) Eantiomers are pair of optical isomers which
Chiral carbon atom has all four different groups
are related as non-superimposable mirror images attached to it.
of each other.

(ii) Diasteriomers are pair of optical isomers

which cannot be related as non-superimposable
mirror images of each other.

∴ The only correct statement about given

structures is that (A) and (B) are enantiomers. ∴ It has one asymmetric or chiral carbon atom.
244 (4)
240 (3) 𝑛-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-
Tautomerism is a dynamic isomerism because methylbutanol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, 3-
two forms (keto and enol) of substance cannot be methylbutanol, 2, 2-dimethypropanol, and 3-
separated they are in dynamic equilibrium with methylbutan-2-ol (8 isomers)
each other. 245 (1)
241 (3) Isomers of propionic acid are as
Those compounds which contain two or more O O
asymmetric carbon atoms but are optically ∥ ∥
inactive due to presence of plane of symmetry, are 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 − 𝑂𝐶𝐻3 𝐻 − 𝐶 − 𝑂𝐶2 𝐻5
called 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑜 compounds. M𝑒𝑠𝑜 compounds are methyl ethanoate ethyl formate
optically inactive due to internal compensation. 246 (4)
Out of the given compounds only 2, 4- Urea shows tautomerism as
dibromopentane have a plane of symmetry, so it O OH
∥ ∥
P a g e | 67
 NH2 – C − NH2 ⇋ NH = C − NH2 respectively.
keto form enolic form 249 (2)
247 (1) Optical isomerism is shown by an asymmetric
The acyclic stereoisomers of C4 H7 Cl are carbon atom which has a carbon atom attached to
four different atoms or groups.
So, butanol-2 is optically active.
H
|
H3 C − CH2 − C − CH3
|
OH
butanol-2
250 (1)
The compounds which contain active methylene
group at the adjacent position of carboxyl group
show tautormerism.

This compound does not contain active methylene

group, hence does not exhibit tautomerism.
Moreover, this compound is highly stable due to
extensive cross-conjugation.
251 (4)
Ethers show functional isomerism with molecular
formula 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛+2 𝑂. For example, 𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑂
CH3 OCH3 , CH3 CH2 OH
dimethyl ether, ethyl alcohol
252 (3)

Number of optical isomers =2𝑛 = 21 = 2

Hence, total number of geometrical isomers=6
Total number of optical isomers =2.
248 (1)
Here, when 𝐶2 is rotated
anticlockwise 120° about 𝐶2 − 𝐶3 bond the
resulting conformer is 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒 conformer.
Hence,

253 (1)
On chlorination of 2-methyl butane

contain two, one, one asymmetric carbon atoms

P a g e | 68
 The isomers alkanes having the molecular
formula 𝐶5 𝐻12 are as

2-chiral compound are formed.

254 (1)
When – OH group of lactic acid is replaced by H,
then chiral carbon is lost.
OH H
| | 260 (1)
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 − 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 ⟶ 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 −COOH The molecule, which is optically active, has chiral
| | centre, is expected to rotate the plane of polarised
H H light.
lactic acid
∴Its optical activity is lost.
255 (3)
The structure of 1-chloro-2-nitroethene is as

One chiral center⟹optically active

In this compound E-Z isomerism is possible
because it is highly substituted alkene. The E-Z
system of nomenclature is developed by Cahn,
Inglod and Prelog.
256 (1) Two chiral centres, but plane of symmetry within
𝐶5 𝐻8 has three possible alkynes. These are molecule⟹ optically inactive
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 𝐶 ≡ 𝐶𝐻, 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 𝐶 ≡ 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻3 261 (2)
pent-1-yne pent-2-yne Optical isomerism is shown by compounds which
𝐶𝐻3 have one or more chiral carbon atoms.
|
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶 ≡ 𝐶𝐻
3-methyl but-1-yne
257 (3)
𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐶𝐻3 , 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻
Methoxy methane Ethanol (ether) ∵ It has asymmetric or chiral carbon atom.
(alcohol) functional group ∴ It shows optical isomerism.
(𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑂) (𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑂)molecular formula 262 (1)
In methoxy methane and ethanol both molecular 2-hexyne gives 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-2-hexene on treatment
formula is same but functional groups are Li/NH3
different, so they are functional isomers. 𝐿𝑖/𝑁𝐻3
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶 ≡ 𝐶 − 𝐶𝐻3 + 𝐻2 →
258 (3)
H
|
CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − C = C − CH3
|
Chair form is unsymmetrical due to absence of H
any element of symmetry.
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-2-hexene
259 (1)
P a g e | 69
263 (4) A carbon atom which is attached by four different
The possible primary amine with the formula groups is called an asymmetric carbon atom or
C4 H11 N are chiral centre.
(i) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2
CH3
|
(ii) CH3 − CH − CH2 − NH2
CH3
| 268 (1)
(iii) CH3 − C − CH3 The number of stereoisomers=2’
| (Here, 𝑛 =chiral carbon atom)
NH2 Thus, number of stereoisomers=23 =8
(iv) CH3 − CH2 − CH − NH2 269 (4)
| 2-butanol is optically active as it contain as it
CH3 contain chiral carbon atom.
264 (2) CH2
The main conditions for exhibiting geometrical |
isomerism are CH3 − CH2 − C − OH
(i) Presence of double bond. |
H
(ii) Presence of different groups on same double 270 (1)
bonded carbon. Hence, an equimolar mixture of the enantiomers
(𝑑𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑒𝑣𝑜 forms) is called racemic
(iii) Presence of at least one similar group on
mixture. It is represented as 𝑑𝑙-form or ± form
adjacent double bonded carbon atoms.
and is optically inactive due to external
compensation. Separation of racemic mixture into
does not exhibit 𝑑- and 𝑙-forms is called resolution.
271 (4)
geometric isomerism due to presence of same
group on double bonded carbon atom (𝐶1 ). n-pentane and 2-methyl butane are constitutional
isomers or chain isomers or skeletal isomers.
265 (1) 272 (1)
A carbon atom which is attached by four different The name of the compound
group is called chiral centre of asymmetric carbon (2Z,4Z)-2, 4-hexadiene.
atom. (+)-glucose has four chiral centres. 273 (1)
Propanal and propanone are functional isomers

274 (4)
(a) Ethylene dichloride and ethylidine chloride
both react with alc. KOH to produce ethyne.
H3 C − CHCl2 + 2KOH(alc. ) →
HC ≡ CH + 2KCl + 2H2 O
ClCH2 − CH2 Cl + 2KOH alc. →
HC ≡ CH + 2KCl + 2H2 O
(b) They are position isomers because they have
same molecular formula but different position of
266 (1) chlorine atom.
(+) and (-) tartaric acid does not possess any H Cl Cl
element of symmetry. | | |
267 (2)
P a g e | 70
 𝐻3 𝐶 − 𝐶 − 𝐶𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻−𝐶−𝐶−𝐻
| | |
Cl H H
ethylidene dichloride ethylene dichloride
(c) ∵Their molecular formula is same
∴ They have same percentage of chlorine.
(d) They give different product on hydrolysis
CH3 CHCl2 + 2KOH (𝑎𝑞) ⟶
ethyledene chloride
O
∥
−H2 O
CH3 − CH(OH)2 → CH3 − CH
Unstable acetaldehyde
CH2 Cl − CH2 Cl + 2KOH (aq) ⟶ CH2 − CH2
ethylene dichloride | |
∴ Total of five isomers are possible by formula
OH OH
C7 H9 N.
ethylene glycol
278 (4)
275 (4)
The structural formula of fumaric acid is
In CH3 CH2 OH, there is intermolecular H-bonding,
H − C − COOH
while it is absent in isomeric ether CH3 OCH3
||
6. Larger heat is required to vaporise
HOOC−C − H − H
CH3 CH2 OH as compared to CH3 , OCH3 ,
(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 butane1,4-dioic acid)
thus (a) is incorrect.
279 (3)
7. CH3 CH2 OH is less volatile than CH3 OCH3 , Aqueous solution of NaHCO3 can be used to
thus vapour pressures are different, thus separate benzoic acid from its mixture with
(b) is incorrect. camphor. Benzoic acid form water soluble sodium
benzoate with NaHCO3.
8. Boiling point of CH3 CH2 OH > 𝐶H3 OCH3 , 280 (1)
thus (c) is incorrect. Distillation process is not used for purification of
mass
solid impurities. It is used for the purification of
Density = volume, due to ideal behaviour at a liquids which boils without decomposition and
given temperature and pressure volume and contains non-volatile impurities.
molar mass are same. 281 (1)
Substances which sublimes on heating is usually
Hence, they have same vapour density.
purified by sublimation. Hence, naphthalene is
276 (2) purified by sublimation.
Carboxylic acid and esters show functional group 282 (1)
isomerism. When two compounds have same Chromatography is a modern technique used for
molecular formula but different functional groups, the separation of mixtures into its components,
then functional isomerism arises. purification of compounds and also to test the
e.g., purity of compounds.
C2 H5 COOH and CH3 COOCH3 283 (4)
277 (1) In mixture of 𝑜-nitrophenol, 𝑝-nitrophenol, 𝑜-
nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intra
molecular hydrogen bonding whereas 𝑝-
nitrophenol is less volatile due to inter molecular
hydrogen bonding.

P a g e | 71
 In the Lassaigne’s test, a blue colour is obtained if
the organic compound contains nitrogen. The blue
colour is due to ferri-ferro cyanide 𝑖. 𝑒.,
Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 .
293 (4)
Beilstein test is used to detect halogens in organic
compounds.
294 (3)
When organic compound is fused with sodium
metal, nitrogen of the compound is converted into
284 (3) sodium cyanide as
Chromatography method is used to separate Na + C + N → NaCN
sugars. 295 (2)
285 (3) Percentage of N in an organic
The reagent selected should be such that only one 1.4 × N × V
Compound =
of components to be separated, reacts with it. w
Aniline+aq. HCl→salt, which is water soluble 1.4 × 1 × 30
= = 35
Nitrobenzene +aq. HCl→no reaction 1.2
296 (4)
∴ aq. HCl is used to separate aniline and
In Kjeldahl’s method, the nitrogen is
nitrobenzene.
quantitatively converted into ammonia by heating
286 (3)
with NaOH
A liquid, which decomposes at its normal boiling
∆
point can be purified by vacuum distillation. 𝐶 + 𝐻 + 𝑁 → (𝑁𝐻4 )𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂
287 (4) (from organic compound)
Compound which sublime on heating can be (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 + 2𝑁𝐻3 + 2𝐻2 𝑂
purified by sublimation method. In Dumas method nitrogen present in organic
Benzoic acid, camphor and naphthalene sublime compound is quantitatively converted into N2 .
on heating hence, they are purified by sublimation 297 (4)
method. Presence of halogen in organic compound can be
288 (4) detected by Beilstein’s test.
Those organic compounds, which are volatile in 298 (3)
steam are purified by steam distillation. Since, Liebig’s method is used to estimate carbon and
aniline is a steam volatile compound, hence it is hydrogen.
purified by steam distillation. [𝑂]
C and H → 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂
289 (2) 12 weight of CO2
Distillation is used to purify liquids and based on %C = × × 100
44 weight of compound
difference in their boiling points. When the 2 weight of H2 O
boiling points of liquids are very closed to each %H = × × 100
18 weight of compound
other, then fractional distillation is used. 299 (2)
290 (3) Halogens can be identified in organic compounds
𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎- nitrohenol is separated by by Beilstein-test.
distillation because 𝑝 −nitrophenol has higher 300 (4)
boiling point than o-nitrophenol due to H- Statement (c) is wrong.
bonding. 301 (1)
291 (2) 12 0.535
% of C= 44 × 0.765 × 100 = 19.07
Lassaigne’s test is given by those nitrogenous
2 0.138
compounds in which carbon is also present along %of H = × × 100 = 2.004
with nitrogen. 18 0.765
Ratio of % of C:H=19:2 (approx.)
In NH2 . NH2 . HCl, carbon is absent, so it does not
302 (2)
given Lassaigne’s test.
292 (2)
P a g e | 72
 Elem Perce Percentage Simple (ii) 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆 + 𝑁𝑎2 [𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁)5 𝑁𝑂] ⟶
ent ntage 𝑎𝑡. 𝑤𝑡. ratio [𝑁𝑎𝐹𝑒(𝐶)5 𝑁𝑂𝑆]
C 20.0 20.0 1.66 from organic sodium violet colour
= 1.66 =1
12 1.66 compound nitroprusside
H 6.67 6.67 6.67
= 6.67 =4 308 (3)
1 1.66
N 46.67 46.67 3.33 Kejldahl’s method is used for the estimation of
= 3.33 =2 nitrogen. The organic compound is heated with
14 1.66
O 26.66 26.66 1.66 conc. H2 SO4 in presence of K 2 SO4 (used to elevate
= 1.66 =1
16 1.66 boiling point of H2 SO4) and CuSO4 (used as
Empirical formula= 𝐶𝐻4 𝑁2 𝑂 catalyst) to convert all the nitrogen into
Empirical formula weight (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4 .
= 12 + (4 × 1) + (2 × 14) + 16 = 60 309 (4)
mol. formula weight
∴ 𝑛= The formation of sodium thionitroprusside (blue)
emp. formula weight
shows the presence of sulphur.
60
= =1 Na2 S + Na2 [Fe(NO)(CN)5 ]
60
⟶ Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
∴ Molecular formula=𝐶𝐻4 𝑁2 𝑂
Sodium sodium nitroprusside sodium
Given compound gives biuret test.Thus, given
thionitroprusside purple
compound is urea (𝑁𝐻2 )2 𝐶𝑂.
extract
303 (2)
310 (2)
A chloride linked with alkyl group is replaced
On adding SCN− to an aqueous solution of
with 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 and give white precipitate of AgCl.
Fe(NO3 )3 , a blood red colour, due to formation of
[𝐹𝑒(𝐻2 𝑂)5 (𝑆𝐶𝑁]2+complex is obtained. This test
is used for the detection of 𝐹𝑒 3+ion.
𝑆𝐶𝑁 − + 𝐹𝑒(𝑁𝑂3 )3 + 5𝐻2 𝑂 →
[𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻2 )5 (𝑆𝐶𝑁)]2+ + 3𝑁𝑂3−
Blood red colour
311 (4)
Kjeldahl and Duma’s methods are used for the
304 (4)
quantitative estimation of nitrogen in an organic
Halogen containing compounds (C6 H5 Cl)
When placed in a flame, the presence of halogen compound. In the Kjeldahl method, the nitrogen
element of organic compound is changed to the
is revealed by a green to blue flame.
ammonia.
305 (1)
If nitrogen is present in organic compound then 312 (3)
Weight of organic compound =29.5mg
sodium extract contains NaCN.
Fuse 𝑁𝐻3 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 ⟶ 𝑁𝑎4 𝐶𝑙
Na + C + N → NaCN 𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ⟶ 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂
FeSO4 + 6NaCN → Na4 [Fe(CN)6 ] + Na2 SO4 (remaining) 15 × 0.1 𝑀
(A) =1.5 mmol
A changes to Prussian blue Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 on Total millimole of HCl=2
reaction with FeCl3 . Millimole used by 𝑁𝐻3 = 2 − 1.5 = 0.5
4FeCl3 + 3Na4 [Fe(CN)6 ] Weight of 𝑁𝐻3 =0.5 ×17mg=8.5mg
→ Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 + 12NaCl 14
Weight of nitrogen = 17 × 8.5𝑚𝑔 = 7𝑚𝑔
306 (4)
7
Na2 S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5 NO] ⟶ Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS] % Nitrogen = × 1100 = 23.7%
29.5
Sodium nitroprusside sodium thio nitro
313 (1)
Solution prusside (purple
From Kjeldahl’s method,
colure)
Percentage of nitrogen
307 (2) 1.4 × 𝑁 × 𝑉 1.4 × 0.1 × 30
(i) Fe(CNS)3 is red in colour and is formed when = =
𝑊 5
both N and S are present in organic compound = 0.84%
P a g e | 73
314 (3) 319 (3)
Let unreacted 0.1M(= 0.2N)H2 SO4 = V ′ mL Acidified sodium fusion extract on addition of
∴ 20 mL of 0.5M NaOH ferric chloride solution gives blood red
=V’mL of 02 N H2 SO4 colouration, which confirms the presence of N and
∴ 20 × 0.5 = V ′ × 0.2 S.
∴ V ′ = 50mL 3NaCNS + aq. FeCl3 ⟶ Fe(CNS)3 + 3NaCl
Used 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 = 100 − 50 = 50𝑚𝐿 red
1.4 NV (ferric thiocyanide)
%Nitrogen =
𝑤 320 (4)
where, N=normality of 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 32 wt. of BaSO4
V=volume of 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 used % of S = × × 100
233 wt. of organic compound
1.4 × 0.2 × 50 32 1.158
∴ % nitrogen = = × × 100
0.30 233 0.53
= 46.67% = 30%
% of nitrogen in 321 (2)
14×100
(a) CH3 CONH2 = 59
= 23.73% Chlorine of vinyl chloride (CH2 = CHCl) is non-
14×100 reactive (less reactive) towards nucleophile in
(b) C6 H5 CONH2 = = 11.48%
122 nucleophilic substitution reaction because it
28×100
(c)NH2 CONH2 = 60 = 46.67% shows the following resonating structure due to
28×100 +M effect of – Cl atom.
(d) NH2 CSNH2 = 76 = 36.84%
Therefore, the organic compound is urea.
315 (1)
Since, the compound on heating with CuO In structure II, Cl-atom have positive charge and
produced𝐶𝑂2 , it contains carbon. Again, it does partial double bond character with C of vinyl
not produce water, hence it does not contain group, so it is more tightly attracted towards the
hydrogen. So, the organic compound is carbon nucleus and it does not get replaced by
tetrachloride (𝐶𝐶𝑙4 ). nucleophile in 𝑆𝑁− reaction.
316 (2) 322 (4)
From kjeldahl’s method, Diethyl ether is resistant to nucleophilic attack by
1.4×𝑁×𝑉
Percent of nitrogen = hydroxyl ion.
𝑊
1.4 × 0.5 × 2 × 10 323 (1)
= = 56% Due to +𝐼 effect of 𝐶𝐻3 in toulene, it is more
0.25
317 (2) reactive than bezene. Due to electron
[𝑂] withdrawing nature of – COOH group in benzoic
Organic compound → 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂
acid and – NO2 group in nitrobenzene, both
17.6 g 7.2g
12 17.6 benzoic acid and nitrobenzene are less reactive
%𝑜𝑓 𝐶 = × × 100 = 85.7% than benzene.
44 5.6
2 7.2 324 (1)
% 𝑜𝑓 𝐻 = × × 100 = 14.28% Tertiary halide always favours SN 1 mechanism
18 5.6
Ele Percen Relative no. Simplest ratio (as they give comparatively stabler carbocation)
me tage of atoms white primary halide favours SN 2 mechanism.
nt 325 (2)
C 85.7 85.7/12=7.1 7.14/7.14=1 The dehydrohalogenation in presence of OH −is
4
correctly represented by
H 14.28 14.28/1=14. 14.28/7.14=
28 2
Hence, empirical formula of compound of = CH2
∴ Molecular formula of compound =C4 H8 In this mechanism the base OH− removes a
318 (1) proton from the 𝛽 carbon.
Lassaigne’s test is used for the detection of 326 (3)
halogens, nitrogen and sulphur.

P a g e | 74
 CH2 Br CH
∆
| + 2KOH → ||| + 2KBr + 2H2 O
CH2 Br CH
ethylene dibromide acetylene
This is a dehydrohalogenation reaction.
Electrophilic substitution reaction takes place in 332 (3)
compounds in which 𝜋 −electrons are highly The alkyl halide which produce stable carbonium
delocalised. The electrophile attacks the region of ion undergo 𝑆𝑁 1 reaction. Tertiary alkyl halide is
high electron density, therefore, electrophilic most stable. Thus, decreasing order of tendency of
substitution occurs at 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜/𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 position at ring alkyl halides undergoes 𝑆𝑁 1 mechanism.
II. t-alkyl halide>sec-alkyl halide> primary-alkyl
327 (1) halide
Electrophiles are the species having a tendency to 333 (4)
accept a pair of electron, 𝑒. 𝑔., NO+ +
2 , Br etc. Chlorine atoms are strongly electro negative
Nucleophiles are the species having a tendency to (show negative inductive effect i.e., −𝐼 effect).
donate a pair of electron. 𝑒. 𝑔., CH3 OH. N3− They deactivate the ring towards electrophilic
328 (1) reaction.
Higher the stability of carbocation, faster is the The increasing order of substituent-E towards
reaction because SN 1 reactions involve the electrophilic substitution is
formation of carbocation intermediate. −CCl3 < −𝐶𝐻𝐶l2 < −𝐶H2 Cl < −𝐶H3
334 (4)
H2 O, ROH, R − COOH etc are protic solvents
because they are polar in nature and contain a
hydrogen directly bonded to oxygen while other
are aprotic solvents as they do not have a
hydrogen bonded directly to oxygen. They are
especially favourable for 𝑆𝑁 1 reactions. While
aprotic solvents cannot have hydrogen bond to
329 (1) the nucleophile because they does not have
Nucleophiles are the species which have excess of hydrogen bonded to nitrogen or oxygen. They are
electrons. Among the given species, the lone pair favourable for SN 2 reactions.
of nitrogen of pyrrole is involved in delocalisation 335 (3)
of the ring, thus, are not available for donation. In Activating groups like – OCH3 , −OH etc activates
aniline, the lone pair is involved in conjugation the benzene ring towards electrophilic
with the 𝜋-electrons of the ring while in pyridine, substitution while deactivating groups
these are relatively free for donation. Thus, like−𝑁𝑂2 , −𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 etc. deactivates the benzene
nitrogen of pyridine is most nucleophilic. ring towards electrophilic substitution. Thus,
order of reaction towards electrophile (of the
given compounds) is as
I>II>III.
(phenyl and – COCH3 both are electron 336 (2)
withdrawing groups, thus decreases the SN 1 Reaction is most favourable for tertiary
nuleophilicity of nitrogen). substance.
330 (1)
The correct order of reactivity is
𝑅I > 𝑅Br > 𝑅Cl > 𝑅F
It is due to fact, that weaker the base, better it will
be the leaving group.
Hence, I− is the best leaving group.
331 (2)

P a g e | 75
 (i) NO2 , COOH and CHO groups are electron
withdrawing groups so, they decrease the
reactivity of organic compounds.
(ii) − OHgroup is electron donating group, so it
increases the electron density in benzene ring ad
increases the rate of reaction
∴

337 (2)
SN 2 reactions are greatly controlled by steric 340 (2)
factor. The species which are electron deficient and
𝑅 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝑋 𝑅2 𝐶𝐻 − 𝑋 𝑅3 𝐶 − 𝑋 accept a pair of electron are called electrophile.
1° 2° 3° Hence, SO3 is a electrophile as it contains an
SN 2 reactivity decreases as bulkyness of alkyl electron deficient centre. While
group increases. 𝐻2 𝑂, 𝑁𝐻3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 − 𝑂 − 𝑅 are nucleophiles.
338 (3) 341 (3)
When phenol reacts with chlrtoform and aqueous When nitro group is present in the benzene
NaOH solution, it give salicyladehyde. nucleus, it withdraws electrons from 𝑜 and 𝑝-
CHCl3 + OH − ⇋ H2 O + CCl− 3 positions. Thus, the electron density at the 𝑜 and
𝑝 −positions decreases. m-positions become
positions of comparatively higher electron density
and therefore, electrophilic attack occurs at m-
positions.
342 (3)
Chlorobenzene has only one deactivating group,
. 𝑒., −Cl. In 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene three
deactivating group, 𝑖. 𝑒., two – NO2 and one – Cl
are present and 𝑝 −nitrochlorobenzene two
deactivation groups, 𝑖. 𝑒., one NO2 and one Cl is
present. So, the order of reactivity is A>C>B.
339 (4) 343 (3)
During electrophilic substitution electrophile 𝑆𝑁 1 mechanism involves the formation of
attacks the double bond of benzene ring. The carbocation intermediate. Hence, the species
aromatic compounds having electron donating which gives the most stable carbocation readily
groups undergo electrophilic substitution more undergoes SN 1 mechanism. 𝑡-butyl bromide gives
easily due to favouable effect of electron donating the most stable carbocation, 𝑖. 𝑒., 3° carbocation,
group. so it readily undergoes SN 1 reaction.
344 (3)
The substrate has three different types of B − H,
therefore, first, three structural isomers of
alkenes are expected as

P a g e | 76
 348 (4)
The electrophile involved in the sulphonation of
benzene is 𝑆𝑂3 .
2H2 SO4 → SO3 + H3 O+ + HSO− 4
349 (3)
The last two alkenes II and III are also a capable of
The Kolbe’s electrolysis proceeds 𝑣𝑖𝑎 free radical
showing geometrical isomerism hence two
mechanism. For example, when sodium
geometrical isomers for each of them will be
propionate is electrolysed, 𝑛 −butane, ethane,
counted giving a total of five isomers.
ethylene are obtained. The propionate ion
345 (1)
discharge at the anode to form free radicals.
Diazonium salts are highly reactive. In Sandmeyer
C2 H5 COO− → C2 H5 COO⦁ + e−
reaction diazo group is replaced by chlorine or
C2 H5 COO⦁ → C2 H5⦁ + CO2
bromine in presence of CuCl or CuBr.(Substitution
2C2 H5⦁ → C4 H10
reaction)
C2 H5⦁ + C2 H5⦁ → C2 H4 + C2 H6
350 (1)
346 (3) Alcohols undergo dehydration usually by E1
Nucleophile always attacks on electron deficient mechanism. This is because elimination is
site. Presence of electron withdrawing groups preferred in case of tertiary alcohols, 𝑒. 𝑔.,
such as NO2 , CHO etc decreases the electron
density on benzene nucleus, hence such groups
activate the ring towards nucleophilic attack.
While presence of electron releasing groups such
as R or OR increases the electron density, thus
deactivates the nucleus towards nucleophilic
attack.
NO2 group activates the ring more than Cl
towards nucleophilic attack, 351 (3)
Hence reacts readily with nucleophile. In the given electrophile

Group is the same. So, only X affects their activity,

𝑖. 𝑒., we have to discuss activity due to
(a) – OCH3 (b)−Cl

347 (4)
Grignard reagent reacts with >C=O, −C ≡ N, >
(c) (d) – S − CH3
𝐶 = 𝑆 as follows
Since, amines are less actives, therefore,
electrophile (c) will be least active.

352 (2)
P a g e | 77
 Dehydration of alcohol involves the loss of two (II) Transfer of hydride ion
atoms or groups from the adjacent carbon atoms,
hence it is an example of 𝛽-elimination reaction. 357 (3)
Markownikoff’s rule is for addition of
unsymmetrical additive on unsymmetrical alkene.
358 (3)
During nitration of benzene the attacking
electrophile is 𝑁𝑂2+ . It is formed as follows by
reaction between HNO3 and H2 SO4.
353 (3)
Reaction of NaOH with dinitrofluorobenzene
represents nucleophilic aromatic substitution
reaction because – NO2 group is deactivating
group. They make benzene nucleus electron
deficient and facilitate the nucleophile to attack
the ring.
359 (3)
(CH3 )3 CBr + H2 O → (CH3 )3 C − OH + HBr
Br is subsituted by – 𝑂𝐻− (nucleophile)
𝑆𝑁 1(unimolecular nuclerophilic substitution
354 (2) reaction)
(i) In nucleophilic substitution reaction more 360 (3)
powerful nucleophile replaces weaker CH3+ acts as an intermediate in the given reaction
nucleophile. (Friedel Craft’s alkylation). It is an example of
(ii) In rearrangement reaction atoms replace their electrophilic aromatic substitution. In this
position within molecule. reaction 𝐶𝐻3+ is electrophile.
(iii) In elimination reaction small molecules 361 (2)
(e. g. , H2 O, NH3 ) are lost. HNO2 + H2 SO4 ⟶ NO+ + HSO− 4 + H2 O
∆
R − CH2 CH2 Cl + KOH (alc. ) → RCH Nitrosonium ion
= CH2 + KCl + H2 O 362 (4)
∵ KCl and H2 Omolecules are lost during reaction.
∴ It is an elimination reaction.
355 (3)
Cannizzaro reaction involves oxidation as well as
reduction of aldehydes having lack of 𝛼 − 𝐻 atom.
The mechanism of this reaction is as
(I) Attack of 𝑂𝐻− on carbonyl carbon Since, the reaction rate depends upon the
concentration of both reactant and nucleophile, it
is a SN 2 reaction. It involves inversion of
configuration.
363 (2)
Stability order of arenium ion
II>III>I
364 (1)
The Cannizzaro reaction is as
KOH(conc.)
HCHO + HCHO → CH3 OH + HCOOK +
methyl alcohol acetic acid
The mechanism of Cannizzaro reaction is as
Step I Attack of nucleophile OH− to the carbonyl
carbon

P a g e | 78
 give more substituted alkene, it reacts fastest
followed by secondary and primary 𝑖. 𝑒. , 3° >
2° > 1°.
370 (3)
The case with which a nucleophile attacks the
carbonyl groups depends upon the electron-
Step II The transfer of hydride ion from anion (I) deficiency, 𝑖. 𝑒, magnitude of the positive charge
to second molecule of aldehyde and finally rapid on the carbonyl carbon. Since, an alkyl groups has
transfer of proton takes place. electron-donating inductive effect.
(+𝐼 effec𝑡), therefore, greater the number of alkyl
groups attached to the carbonyl groups greater is
the electron-density on the carbonyl carbon and
hence, lower is its reactivity towards nucleophilic
addition reactions.

371 (1)
Carbonyl compounds undergoes nucleophilic
addition reaction.

If group or atom attached with carbonyl carbon

shows negative inductive effect, then it decreases
365 (4) electron density on carbonyl carbon and facilitate
∵ −COOH group is a deactivating group the attack of nucleophile, hence reactivity of
∴ Benzoic acid is less reactive towards carbonyl compound increases. The aromatic
electrophilic substitution. aldehydes and ketones are less reactive than their
So, benzoic acid> phenol>n-propyl benzene is aliphatic analogues due to +R effect of benzene
not arranged correctly. ring. The increasing order of the nucleophilic
366 (2) addition reaction in the following compounds will
be.
CH3 CHO > 𝐶H3 COCH3 > 𝑃ℎ𝐶𝑂𝐶H3 > 𝑃ℎ𝐶𝑂𝑃ℎ
373 (3)
Due to presence of delocalised 𝜋-electrons in the
aromatic compounds, the electron density is
maximum inside the ring. Therefore, aromatic
In this process one group is replaced by other,
compounds undergo electrophilic substitution
hence, it is a substitution process and both the
reaction and resistance to addition reactions.
leaving and attacking groups are nucleophilic,
374 (4)
therefore it is an example of nucleophilic
𝐒𝐍 𝟏(Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution
substitution reaction.
reactions)
368 (2)
Rate∝ (substrate)
RX + I − → R − I + X −
Rate determining step in the formation of
This reaction is an example of nucleophilic
carbocation depends on the stability of
substitution.
carbocation formed. The stability of carbocations
369 (2)
follow the order
Such dehydrohalogenation follow E2 mechanism.
The driving force of such reaction is the stability
of alkene produced. Since, tertiary alkyl halide can ∵ Order of 𝑆𝑁 1 reacticity is

P a g e | 79
 (C6 H5 )2 C(CH3 )Br > (C6 H5 )2 CHBr > (CH3 )3 CBr chlorobenzene C6 H5 Cl the C − Cl bond has partial
> (CH3 )2 CHBr > C2 H5 Br double bond character due to resonance.
𝑖. 𝑒., iii>ii>i>iv>v ∴ They do not give nucleophilic substitution
375 (4) reaction easily
The given reaction can be represented as
NaOH → Na+ + OH−

Benzyl chloride, give nucleophilic

substitution easily because they carbocation
formed is stabilised due to resonance.

Since in this reaction, a nucleophile replaces the

other group, it is a example of nucleophilic
substitution reaction. 380 (3)
The mechanism shows that the rate depends on Vinyl chloride(CH2 = CHCl) undergoes addition
the concentration of both alkyl halide and and elimination reactions. Substitutions reaction
nucleophile. So, it is an example of is shown by compounds having single bonds only.
SN 2(nucleophilic substitution of II order) 381 (2)
reaction. Sodium hydrogen sulphite adds to aldehydes and
376 (2) ketones to form crystalline bisulphite addition
𝑅 − CH2 − CH2 𝑋 + KOH(alc. ) ⟶ 𝑅 − CH products. The product is water soluble and can be
= CH2 + K 𝑋 + H2 O converted back to the original carbonyl
Alkyl halid undergo 𝛽-elimination to form alkene. compound by treating it with dilute mineral acid
377 (1) or alkali. Therefore, these are useful for
Electron donors having lone pair of electrons are separation and purification of aldehydes like
nucleophile. acetaldehydes.
(i) BF3 is not nucleophile because it does not have 382 (2)
lone pair of electrons. It is infact Lewis acid If acid is weak, its conjugate base (nucleophile) is
because it accepts pair of electron strong and 𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎.
− −
(ii)NH3 , CN and OH all have lone pair of O O
electrons, so they are nucleophiles. ∥ ∥
−
378 (3) (A)CH3 − C − O is conjugated base of CH3 COH
𝐼𝑠𝑜 −propyl chloride is a 2° halide and 2° halides (I)
can undergo hydrolysis either by SN 1 or SN 2 (B) CH3 O− is a conjugate base of CH3 OH (II)
mechanism depending upon the nature of solvent (C) CN− is a conjugate base of HCN (III)
used.
379 (4) (D)H3 SO−3 is a conjugate
During nucleophilic substitution weaker base
nucleophile is replaced by stronger nucleophile.
The compound having C-Cl bond which can be
Of
most easily broken will be most reactive towards
Acidic nature of IV>I>III>II
nuclophilic substitution reaction.
and nucleophilicity of B>C>A>D.
In vinyl chloride CH2 = CH − Cl and
383 (2)

P a g e | 80
 Ketone undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction
because nucleophilic end of reagent attack first
followed by electrophilic end of reagent.

384 (2)
Hydride ion is formed when hydrogen accept a
proton, so it has a tendency to donate electron. 388 (4)
Since, hydride ion (H − ) has a tendency to donate CH2 = CH. CH2 Cl compound undergoes
electron, it functions as nucleophile. nucleophilic substitution most readily.
385 (2) 389 (4)
In Cannizzaro reaction the transfer of𝐻− to O O
another carbonyl group is difficult and slowest ∥ ∥
step. (rate determining step or key step) R − C − X + Nu ⟶ R − C − Nu− + X −
−

Best leaving group (poorest nucleophile) is 𝐶𝑙⊕ ,

thus fastest reaction is with Cl.
390 (1)
A solvent molecule lacking a polar X-H bond is
called aprotic solvent. NH3 , SO2 and CH3 CN are
aprotic solvent while CH3 COOH is protic solvent.
391 (1)
Nitration or aromatic compounds takes place by
an electrophile. The electrophile will be more
attracted towards electron rich position in
benzene ring. Hence, electron donating groups
will be easily nitrated.
386 (4) Toluene will be most easily nitrated among these
compounds due to presence of electron donating
group (𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝐶𝐻3 ).
Nitrobenzene will be most slowly nitrated due to
the presence of electron withdrawing group
(𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑁𝑂2 ).
CH3 NO2 will be formed by free radical
substitution of 𝐶𝐻4
It is an example of nucleophilic addition reaction. 392 (3)
387 (4) CH2 = CH2 →
−H2
CH ≡ CH
The function of AlCl3 , in Friedel-Craft reaction, is Conversion of ethylene into acetylene is a
to produce electrophile, which later add to example of elimination reaction.
benzene nucleus 393 (3)
𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 and 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 directing groups facilitate the
ring for electrophilic substitution reaction. – NH2
group increase electron density in ring, hece
activite it is to electrophilic substitutipon.
394 (1)
𝐻−𝐻
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 𝐵𝑟 → 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻3 + 𝐻𝐵𝑟
𝐿𝐴𝐻

P a g e | 81
 𝑠𝑁2 order.

𝐶𝐻3
|
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 − 𝐵𝑟 → 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶 = 𝐶𝐻2 + 𝐻𝐵𝑟 This is due to increase in the intensity of charge
𝐿𝐴𝐻 on carbon of carbonyl group due to +𝐼 effect of
| (𝐸2 ) | alkyl groups.
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻3 400 (1)
395 (3) Bond C−H C−C C−
When sodium or potassium alkoxide is heated N C−O
with an alkyl halide to give ether, this reaction is
Bond energy (in kcal mol−1 ) 97 83 73
known as Williamson’s synthesis.
86
𝑅ONa + R′ X → R − O − R′ + NaX
401 (3)
This is an example of nucleophilic substitution
and follow SN 2 mechanism.
396 (1)
C − Cl bond is aryl chloride is stable due to The C-atoms attached to the triple bond lie in a
delocalisation of electron by resonance. Also C − straight line while the carbon of the CH2 group is
Cl bond possess a double bond character like vinyl inclined at an angle of 120°. Therefore, only 2
chloride, hence SN reactions are not possible in carbon atoms are linearly arranged
chlorobenzene under ordinary conditions. 403 (1)
Weak base ⟶ strong conjugate acid
CH ≡ C− → CH ≡ CH
weakest base (strongest acid among the given)
CH3 − CH2− → CH3 CH3
(strongest base) (weakest acid)
404 (3)
Order of bond length
𝜎 bond (𝑠𝑝 3 ) > 𝜎 bond (𝑠𝑝 2 ) > 𝜎 bond (𝑠𝑝)
405 (4)
397 (2)
When sodium ethoxide reacts with iodoethane,
diethyl ether is obtained (Williamson’s synthesis)
The mechanism of this reaction is as follows Electronegativity of different hybrid and unhybrid
𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝑁𝑎 ⇌ 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂 − + 𝑁𝑎 + orbitals in decreasing order is as follows
𝑠 > 𝑠𝑝 > 𝑠𝑝 2 > 𝑠𝑝 3 > 𝑝
406 (3)
The shape of 𝜋 electron cloud in acetylene in
cylindrical
Since, the reaction involves substitution of a 409 (2)
group by a nucleophile, it is an example of
nucleophilic substitution reaction.
398 (1)
During nitration benzene ring is attacked by NO+ 2
and hydrogen of benzene ring is replaced by NO2
group.
9𝜎 bonds, 1𝜋bond, 2 lone pairs
∴ Nitration of benzene is electrophilic substitution
411 (4)
because NO+ 2 is an electrophile. In C6 H5 ring there are three π-bonds and one π-
399 (3)
The nucleophilic addition reaction is the
characteristic addition of carbonyl compounds. bond is present in group.
Reactivity order of carbonyl compounds is in the Therefore, in all there are four π- bonds in

P a g e | 82
 C6 H5 COOH. In CH3 CH2 COCH3there is only one π- I > II ≡ IV > III
bond in C = O group, in CH2 = CH − CH = 421 (3)
CH2 there are two π-bonds while in HC ≡ C − −𝐼 power of groups in decreasing order with
CH = CH2 there are three π- bonds respect to the reference H
413 (3) NO2 > CHO > COO𝑅 > F > Cl > Br > I > OH
Each 𝜋-bond contributes two 𝜋electrons and the > O𝑅 > NH2
two electrons of the lone pair are present in a 𝑝- 422 (2)
orbital. Therefore, total number of 𝜋 electrons is
six
414 (1)
Benzyl allyl

methyl CH3 ,vinyl given options can be

solved on the basis of conjugative and
hyperconjugative structures
423 (4)
Due to −𝑅 effect of – CHO group, oxygen carries
All bonds are 𝜎- bonds hence C uses only its 𝑠𝑝 3 -
– 𝛿 charge while the terminal carbon carries
hybrid orbitals. In all other compounds there is
+ 𝛿, 𝑖𝑒,
one C = O double bond, therefore, this carbon is
𝑠𝑝 2 - hybridized
415 (4)
424 (1)
In case of alkyl carbocations as the number of
All neutral covalent compound in which central
𝑅 group decreases stability decreases. Thus, the
atom has incomplete octet are electrophile. For
correct order of stability of carbocation is
example BeCl2 , BH3 , ZnCl2 , AlCl3
427 (2)
417 (1) If positive charge is present on nitrogen then
Electron deficient species or electron acceptor is positive charge will not be in conjugation to the
electrophile. For example ring because in this case nitrogen will become
pentavalent

418 (1)
Can be solved on the basis of hyperconjugative
structures
419 (2) 428 (3)
The most stable one is that in which the positive −NO2 group shows – 𝑀 effect white CH3 O −group
and negative charges reside on the most shows +𝑀 effect (– 𝑀 effect stabilises an anion)
electropositive and most electronegative atoms 429 (1)
of the species respectively. Like Benzene is the most stable and we know that
resonance energy is a direct measure of the
stability of a molecule
430 (3)
Dissociation of proton from ddd is very difficult
420 (3)
due to – 𝐼 effect of Cl− and N+ while in C6 H5 OH
The oxygen atom in phenol has more dominating
due to the reasonance stabilization of phenoxide
resonance effect than inductive effect. Increase in
ion proton eliminates easily. Similarly due to H-
charge separation decreases the stability of a
bonding in C6 H5 CH2 OH it can be eliminate easily
resonating structure
and in CH3 C ≡ CH the proton is acidic in nature
hence, it can be dissociated
Stability of resonating structure in decreasing
432 (4)
order will be
Stability of alkyl free radicals can be explained by
P a g e | 83
 hyperconjugation and number of resonating This can be judged by comparing the stabilities of
structure due to the hyperconjugation. The carboxylate ions formed. The most stable
decreasing order of stability of alkyl free radical is carboxylate ion is formed by strongest acid
as follows 449
(4)
(d) is with maximum conjugative structure
434 (3) among them
Positively charged species in which central atom 451 (2)
has incomplete octet is called electrophile, Stability of alkyl carbocations can be explained by
H + , X + , R+ are electrophile inductive effect and hyperconjugation. According
436 (2) to these two effect the stability order is
Electromeric effect implies complete transfer of 𝜋
electrons in presence of a reagent. Since, simple
ethers do not contain a multiple bond, therefore,
453 (2)
they do not show electromeric effect
Stability of carbanion is not governed by
437 (3)
hyperconjugation. Its stability depends on the +𝐼
or −𝐼 group
is the most stable since the +ve
454 (1)
charge can be delocalized on both phenyl rings
Nucleophilicity increases on going down in the
438 (3)
group of the Periodic Table
In heterolysis, the covalent bond is broken in such
a way that one species (less electronegative) is
deprived if its own electron, while the other 455 (1)
species gain both the electrons Stability of alkyl carbanion ∝
1
→ and magnitude of
magnitude of negative charge
439 (1) negative charge ∝ +𝐼 power of the group. Hence,
As the – 𝐼 group increases at the 𝛼-carbon, acidity acetylenic carbanion is more stable than vinylic
increases carbanion which is more stable than alkyl
441 (4) carbanion
Delocalised electrons are present in benzene, 1, 3- 457 (4)
butadiene and 1,3,5-hexatriene I can have maximum 3 hyperconjugative
structures. II has maximum 5 hyperconjugative
structure, III has 2 conjugative structure while IV
has 1 conjugative structure
459 (1)
442 (4)
Allyl carbocations are more stable than the alkyl
Stability of carbanions increase with increasing in
carbocations due to the resonance stabilization
𝑠-character of hybrid orbitals of carbon bearing
460 (1)
charge therefore, the order is 𝑠𝑝 3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 < 𝑠𝑝 Replacement of an atom or group by other atom
445 (2) or group is known as substitution reaction
In gas phase tertiary amines are more basic than
secondary amines which are more basic than
ammonia
−𝐼 group present on central atom decreases
electron density, hence decreases basicity
CH3 NH2 > NH3 > 𝑁F3 461 (4)
447 (4) Halogenation of methane is chain reaction,
In the given compound four 𝜋- electrons of double propagate through free radical
bond and 1 lone pair on N atom leads to 462 (3)
delocalization of six electrons Vinyl chloride is least reactive for SN reaction due
448 (1) to resonance

P a g e | 84
 470 (3)
+ N(CH )
3 3
|
463 (2) Alc.KOH
H2 O CH3 − C − CH2 CH3 → CH3 CH = CHCH3
The reaction (CH3 )3 C − Br → (CH3 )3 COH is an
|
example of substitution reaction
H
464 (1)
is an example of elimination reaction
Such a condition is seen when 𝜋 bond is formed
471 (4)
between similar atoms 𝑖𝑒,
Primary and secondary alkyl halides gives
SN 2 reaction
472 (4)
465 (3) With the increasing basicity of the added base, the
(a) it is Diels Alder’s reaction (cyclo addition) rates of the elimination reactions have been found
to increase. Thus, 𝑅O− is most reactive
474 (2)
(b) CH3 CH3
It is nucleophilic addition reaction | |
CH3 − C − Cl + OH → HO − C − CH3 + Cl−
−

| |
(c) CH3 CH3
It is nucleophilic substitution reaction Rate ∝ [𝑡-butyl chloride]
Tertiary butyl carbocation is first formed which is
more stable
475 (4)
The elimination takes place according to Saytzeff
rule. The most substituted alkene (butane-2) is
(d) called Saytzeff product whereas less substituted
It is electrophilic addition reaction alkene (butane-1) is called Hofmann product
466 (3) 476 (2)
CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − Cl + alc. KOH ⟶ CH3 − CH
= CH2
It is an example of elimination reaction
467 (1) It is example of addition reaction
Addition of Br2 on ethane follow electrophilic 477 (2)
addition A hydrogen halide contain a highly polar H −
𝑋 bond can easily lose diagram to the pi bond of
an alkene. The result of the attack of H ⊕ is an
Intermediate is cyclic bromonium ion intermediate carbocation, which quickly
468 (4) undergoes reaction with the negative halide ion
In the reaction (𝑋 − ) to yield an alkyl halide

Both addition and elimination takes place

simultaneously. Thus, the reaction is addition
478 (2)
elimination
HBr being better source of proton. It gives a H+
469 (3)
and a Br − ion
Nucleophilies may be neutral or negatively
HBr ⟶ H+ + Br −
charged, whereas substrate undergoing
Thus, H + attack the 𝜋 bond of propene to form
nucleophilic substitution may be neutral or
carbonium ion as
positively charged
C2 H5 − I + OH− ⟶ C2 H5 OH + I−
P a g e | 85
 – NO2 group is electron withdrawing group, it
decreases the electron density of benzene
nucleus. Thus, the order of reaction with
electrophilic regent is

487 (1)
479 (1) ϕ is phenyl group, the question can be solved on
Epoxide is ambident substrate for nucleophilic the basis of number of conjugative structures
substitution reactions. In protonated epoxide 488 (3)
carbon-2 and carbon-3 both aquire some positive CH3 NH2 and CH3 OH are nucleophiles, CH3 − Cl is
charge due to the highly electronegative atom
an electrophile. But is a
nucleophile due to the presence of a lone pair of
480 (2) electrons on N and is an electrophile due to the
C6 H5 CH2+ is stabilized by conjugation while presence of a partial positive charge on C
intermediates of rest of the compounds given are 489 (3)
stabilized by hyperconjugation Aldehydes and ketones readily undergo
482 (2) nucleophilic addition reaction. The order of
reactivity, is as the +𝐼 effect of alkyl group
increases

is most stable carbanion because of – 𝐼 effect

of I which disperses negative charge on C̅. Center 490 (1)
Nucleophilies are those substances which can
donate a pair of electrons. They can be neutral or
negatively charged. The nucleophilic power
depends on the tendency of species to donate the
483 (4)
electrons. Due to the presence of +𝐼 effect it
SN 2 reaction does not involve ion formation, these
increases. Hence, higher the +𝐼 effect, higher the
infact involve formation of transition state
nucleophilic power. The +𝐼 effect of ethyl is
484 (3)
greater than +𝐼 effect of methyl group
Aldehydes and ketones combine with a variety of
compounds of the 𝑍 − NH2 to form oxime

491 (1)

485 (2)
Free radical chain reaction is initiated by UV light.
In the above reaction more stable carbocation is
It proceeds in three main steps like initiation,
generated hence, the compound dehydrated very
propagation and termination. It gives major
easily
products derived from most stable free radical
492 (2)
486 (3)
Methoxy group is electron releasing group it
increases electron density of benzene nucleus

P a g e | 86
 This reaction is governed by Saytzeff’s rule. nucleophile already present in the second step,
According to this rule the elimination of β- the previous nucleophile is removed and a single
hydrogen atom take place from the carbon having stereoisomer is obtained
the lesser number of H-atoms or in other words a 500 (2)
stable alkene is formed. (More substituted alkene
is more stable)
493 (4)
In this reaction inversion takes place. Hence, it is
Formation of ethylene from acetylene is an
an example of SN 2 reaction. In this mechanism the
example of addition reaction
attack of OH − ions take place from the back side
CH CH2
Ni
while the Br − ion leaves from the front side
||| +H2 → || 501 (4)
CH CH2 Greater the difference in electronegativity of
Ethyne ethene bonded atoms easier will be heterolytic cleavage
494 (4) 502 (4)
ℎ𝑣
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3 Cl SN 2 reaction proceeds with inversion and a
This is an example of free radical substitution transition state is formed which does not carry
reaction any charge
504 (2)
Species Valence electrons Magnetic
behavior
Carbonium ion 6 Diamagnetic
Free radical 7
Paramagnetic
495 (4) Carbene 6 Diamagnetic
Nitrane 6 Diamagnetic
505 (3)
−NO2 group shows−𝑀 effect while CH3 O − group
shows +𝑀 effect. (−𝑀effect stabilizes an anion)
The solution of D(+)-2-chloro-2-phenyl ethane in Hence, the order of stability is
toluene racemises slowly in the presence of SbCl5
due to the formation in carbocation
496 (2)
𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 nitrophenol is the most acidic because
electron withdraeing group increases acidic
character due to – 𝐼 effect of NO2
506 (4)
⊖
CH2 CHO is the most stable carbanion since it is
stabilize by resonance
O O−
498 (3) || |
− CH − C − H ⟷ CH = C − H
Second ring is in conjugation with lone pair of 2 2
oxygen 507 (2)
An organic reaction intermediate, neutral species
having divalent carbon atom with six valence
electron out of which two are present in same
orbital with opposite spin is called singlet carbene
499 (2) 508 (4)
In SN 2 reactions, the nucleophile attaches itself Chemical methods are based upon the
from the direction opposite to that of the distinguishing chemical properties of one class of

P a g e | 87
 organic compounds from the other. for example We know that molecular formula = 𝑛 (empirical
camphor and benzoic acid formula)
510 (3) If 𝑛 = 1 molecular formula = (CH2 O2 )1 = CH2 O2
Acetone and methanol have nearly equal boiling If 𝑛 = 2 molecular formula = (CH2 O2 )2 = C2 H4 O4
point. thus, they are separated by fractional If 𝑛 = 3 molecular formula = (CH2 O2 )3 = C3 H6 O6
distillation Thus, the probable molecular formula = CH2 O2
511 (3) 534 (2)
Only urea does not sublime while naphthalene, When organic compound containing both
camphor and benzoic acid do nitrogen and sulphur is fused with sodium,
514 (4) sodium thiocyanate is formed
Sublimation is the process employed for those 535 (1)
solids which convert directly into vapours on In case of kjeldahl's method the percentage of N2
heating without converting into liquid phase is then calculated from the amount of NH3
516 (3) 536 (4)
If a liquid decomposes at or below its boiling 28 volume of N2 at NTP
% of N × × 100
point, it is purified by vacuum distillation, impure 22400 wt. of compound
glycerine is purified by this method 28 224
= × × 100
517 (3) 22400 1.18
In TLC, adsorbent is made of silica gel or alumina 28
= = 23.728
gel 1.18
537 (2)
518 (3)
Detection of phosphorus in the organic compound
Distillation is applied if organic liquid is stable at
can be done by its conversion into phosphate. The
its boiling point and contains a non-volatile
ammonium molybdate is used to identify
impurity
phosphate ion
520 (3)
Na3 PO4 + 3HNO3 → H3 PO4 3NaNO3
Fractional crystalliation is used to purify organic ∆
solids which dissolve in a particular solvent. But H3 PO4 + 12(NH4 )2 MoO4 + 21HNO3 →
their rate of solubility is different ammonium modybdate
523 (1) (NH4 )3 PO4 . 12MoO3 + 21NH4 NO3 + 12H2 O
Organic compound which are volatile in steam yellow ppt.
can be purified by steam distillation. It is based on 538 (4)
the fact that vaporisation of organic liquid takes C: H: O = 6: 1: 8
place at lower temperature than its boiling point 6 1 8
= × 100: × 100: × 100
524 (4) 15 15 15
Oil and water are immiscible liquids thus are 40: 6.67: 53.3
separated by using separating funnel 40 6.67 53.3
= : :
525 (4) 12 1 16
= 1: 2: 1 ie, CH2 O
The components of an azeotropic mixture are
540 (1)
separated by special method,𝑖𝑒, fractional
Mass of silver salt=0.4 g
distillation. The simple fraction which distils at
Mass of silver =0.26 g
337.8 K is a ternary azeotrope consisting of all
Eq. mass of silver salt/Eq. mass of Ag=
water. Some alcohol and benzene wt.of silver salt
526 (4) wt.of silver
108×0.4
Fractional distillation is used for the separation of Eq. mass of silver salt = = 166
0.26
crude petroleum into various fractions like coal- Eq. mass of acid = 166 − 108 = 58
tar, crude alcohol and petroleum
541 (2)
528 (3)
Na3 PO4 + 3HNO3 → H3 PO4 + 3NaNO3
If a liquid decomposes at or below its boiling sod. extract
point, it is purified by vaccum distillation
533 (4)
Empirical formula of acid = CH2 O2
P a g e | 88
 H3 PO4 + 12(NH4 )2 MoO4 + 21HNO3 compound
→ (NH4 )3 PO4 . 12MoO3 549 (3)
+ 21NH4 NO3 + 12H2 O Carbon and hydrogen are estimated in organic
yellow compounds by Liebig's method
ppt. ∆
C + 2CuO → 2Cu + CO2
542 (3) ∆
𝒃 2H + CuO → Cu + H2 O
Atom At mass (𝒂) % (𝒃) Ratio
𝒂 Percentage of carbon and hydrogen is calculated
50
𝑋 10 50 =5 2 from the weight of CO2 and H2 produced
10
𝑌 20 50
50
= 2.5 1 550 (4)
20
Phosphorous is estimated as Mg 2 P2 O7
Hence, empirical formula = 𝑋2 𝑌 HNO3
543 (1) P → H3 PO4
∆
𝒃
Atom At mass (𝒂) % (𝒃) 𝒂 H3 PO4 + Mg 2+ + NH4 OH → MgNH4 PO4
Ratio 2MgNH4 PO4 → Mg 2 P2 O7 + H2 O + 2NH3
49.3
C 12 49.3 = 4.10 62×wt.of Mg2P2 O7 ×100
12 % of P = 222×w
2
6.84
551 (1)
H 1 6.84 = 6.84 Na2 S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5 NO] → Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS]
1
3 Sod. extract pink/violet colour
O 16 43.86
43.86
= 2.74 552 (2)
16
CH4 has highest ratio of H to C
1
554 (3)
Hence, empirical formula = (C2 H3 O)
The organic compounds is fused with Na metal,
Molecular mass = 2 × VD = 2 × 73
Na2 S is formed which is tested as
= 146
molar mass 146 It reacts with lead acetate and forms black ppt. of
𝑛= = ≈3 PbS
empirical formula mass 43
So, formula= (C2 H3 O)3 ≈ C6 H9 O3 Na2 S + (CH3 COO)2 Pb → PbS + 2CH3 COONa
544 (2) black ppt
Duma's method involve the determination of 558 (3)
12 12.517
nitrogen content in the organic compound in the %C= × × 100 = 85.7
44 4.0
form of N2
2 5.143
N2 O + Cu → N2 + Cu %H= × × 100 = 14.3
18 4.0
28 volume of N2 at NTP 85.7 14.3
d% of N = × × 100 The mole ratio of C to H is :
22400 weight of compound 12 1

545 (1) = 7.14: 14.3 = 1: 2 = CH 2

The treatment with FeCl3 yield ferric 559 (4)

ferrocyanide which has bulish green or prussian If organic compound gives blue or green colour at
blue colouration the tip of red hot copper wire, this indicates the
3Na4 [Fe(CN)6 ] + 4FeCl3 → Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 presence of halogens in the compound. However,
546 (4) compounds like urea, thiourea etc also give blue
2.27 5.69 65.04 or green colour in this test even in the absence of
C: H: Br = : : halogens, thus, it is not a sure test for halogens
12 1 80
= 2.43: 5.69: 0.813 561 (3)
= 3: 7: 1 Sulphur is present in the sodium extract in the
or empirical formula = C3 H7 Br form of sodium sulphide (Na2 S)
547 (2) FeCl3 gives blood red colour with sodium extract
Organic compound containing nitrogen is fused contain N and S
with a small piece of sodium metal to form NaCN. 562 (3)
Na + ⏟C + N → NaCN 𝐸 100
=
108 60
from organic
P a g e | 89
 100 2 weight of H2 O
Eq. wt of the silver salt 𝐸 = 108 × = 180 % of H = ×
60
18 weight of organic compound
∴ Eq. wt. of the acid = 𝐸 − 108 + 1 = 73
× 100
563 (3)
2 0.9
Victor Mayer's method is applicable only for the = × × 100 = 20%
18 0.5
determination of molecular mass of volatile
∴ The percentage of carbon = 100 − 20 = 80 %
substance
574 (1)
565 (3) 10.5
Kjeldahl's method is used for estimation of C = 10.5 g = mol = 0.87 mol
12
nitrogen 1
566 (4) H = 1 g = mol = 1 mol
1
18.5 1.55 55.04 24.81 ∴ (C0.87 H1 )7 = C6.09 H7 ≈ C6 H7
C: H: Cl: O = : : : = 1: 1: 1: 1 𝑤
12 1 35.5 16 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇
567 (2) 𝑚
When N and S both are present in the organic 2.4
1×1 = × 0.082 × 400
compound, then a red colour complex ion of m
[Fe(CNS)]2+ is formed on adding FeCl3 to sodium 𝑚 = 79
Hence, the hydrocarbon is C6 H7
extract
576 (2)
NaCNS + FeCl3 → [Fe(SCN)]Cl2 + NaCl
In thin layer chromatography the relative
blood red colour
adsorption of each component of the mixture is
568 (2)
expressed in terms of retention factor (𝑅𝑓 )
Oxygen cannot be detected by direct test because
distance moved by the spot centre from
oxygen is present in atmosphere and all tests are
𝑅𝑓 = base line
carried in atmosphere of oxygen distance moved by the solvent from
569 (3) the base line
Detection of sulphur in sodium extract is done by 577 (2)
lead acetate and sodium nitroprusside Atom Atomic Percentage
𝒃
=𝒙
𝒂
Na2 S + (CH3 COO)2 Pb → PbS + 2CH3 COONa
Ratio
lead acetate black ppt.
Mass (𝒂) (𝒃)
Na2 S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5 NO] → Na4 [Fe(CN)5 NOS] 10.06
Sodium nitroprusside sodium thio C 12 10.06 1
12
0.84
nitroprusside H 1 0.84 1
1
(purple 89.10
Cl 35.5 89.10 3
colour) 35.5

570 (2) Empirical formula = CHCl3

As the min mol wt. must have at least one S-atom Empirical formula mass = 12 + 1 + 106.5 =
so 119.5 ≈ 120
wt. of one S − atom Molecular mass = 2 × V. D = 2 × 60 = 120
S%= × 100 molar mass
min. mol. wt 𝑛=
32 empirical formula mass
4= × 100 120
min mol. wt = =1
32×100 120
Min mol wt. 4 = 800
Molecular formula = (CHCl3 )1 = CHCl3
571 (3)
578 (3)
The chemical formula of thiourea is NH2 CSNH2 so 𝒃
Atom Atomic Percentage =𝒙
here Na2 S, NaCN and NaCNS will be formed but 𝒂
not Na2 SO4 Ratio
572 (3) Mass (𝒂) (𝒃)
∆ 40
NaCN + HNO3 → HCN ↑ +NaNO2 C 12 40 = 3.33
12
∆ 1
Na2 S + HNO3 → H2 S ↑ +2NaNO3 6.66
573 (3) H 1 6.66 = 6.66
1
2
P a g e | 90
 53.34 Na2 S + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2 S ↑
O 16 53.34 = 3.33
16
NaCN + HNO3 → NaNO3 + HCN ↑
1
Multiple Correct Answers Type
Hence, empirical formula = CH2 O
585 (2, c)
579 (2)
In both (b) and (c), all the atoms are present in
Naphthalene and benzoic acid cannot be
one single plane
separated by the sublimation method because the
naphthalene and benzoic acid both are sublimes
on heating. They are separated by hot water in
which benzoic acid dissolves but naphthalene
does not
580 (3)
Lead unreached 0.1 M (=0.2 N)H2 SO4 = 𝑉 mL In (a) l, 3-butadiene, conformational change is
20 Ml of 0.5 NaOH=𝑉 mL of 0.2 N H2 SO4 possible between 𝐶2 − 𝐶3 bond in which atoms
20 × 0.5 = 𝑉 × 0.2 will be present in more than on single plane.
20×0.5
𝑉= = 50 mL In (b) allene, the terminals H – C – H planes are
0.2
Used H2 SO4 = 100 − 50 = 50 mL perpendicular to one another.
1.4 𝑁𝑉 1.4 × 0.2 × 50 586 (2,3)
% of N = = The low reactivity of a halogen bonded to an
𝑤 0.30
= 46.67 % unsaturated carbon is due to the +𝑀effect of the
% of nitrogen in halogen. The C − Br bond in vinyl bromide has a
14×100 partial double-bond character due to the +𝑀
(a) CH3 CONH2 = = 23.73 %
59
14×100 effect of bromine, resulting in low reacticity
(b) C6 H5 CONH2 = = 11.57 %
121 587 (2,4)
28×100
(c) NH2 CONH2 = = 46.67 % Groups with +𝐼 effect stabilize the carbocations
60
28×100 and groups with – 𝐼 effect stabilize the carbanions
(d) NH2 CSNH2 = = 36.84 %
76 by dispersing the charge
581 (2)
588 (3,4)
In the lassaigne test, if organic compound consists
Charge separation structures are less important
of both N and S, then a red colour is obtained on
than those in which the charge is delocalized,
adding aqueous
because there is electrostatic attraction between
S
unlike charges
||
589 (2,3)
FeCl3 To sodium extract. NH2 − C − NH2 contains
Singlet carbene, nitromethyl carbanion are planar
both N and S hence, it will give red colour in
species since the central carbon atom in each of
Lassaigne test
them is 𝑠𝑝 2 -hybridised triphenylmethyl
NaCNS + FeCl3 ⟶ [Fe(SCN)]Cl2 + NaCl
carbocation, is also in 𝑠𝑝 2 hybrid state but it is
Blood red colour
proprller-shaped due to the repulsion between
582 (3)
ortho hydrogens of the rings. However, in
Glycerol can be separated from spent lye in soap
isopropyl carbanion , C is 𝑠𝑝 3 - hybridized
industry by the distillation under reduced
591 (1,2)
pressure because it decomposes near its boiling
point
In Liebig’s method a known weight of the organic
583 (2)
35.5 mass of AgCl
compounds is heated strongly with excess of dry
% of chlorine = 143.5 × mass of the compound × 100 copper oxide in an atmosphere of air or oxygen
35.5 0.287 free from moisture and CO2
= × × 100 ∆
143.5 0.099 C + 2CuO → 2Cu + CO2
= 71.71 % ∆
584 (3) 2H + CuO → Cu + H2 O
HNO3 is added to decompose Na2 S and NaCN if 592 (1,2,3)
present The process of steam distillation is used for the

P a g e | 91
 separation and purification of liquids which are
volatile in steam
593 (1,2,4)
in negative charge is on carbon
Kjeldahl's method can't be used for the estimation
therefore (I) will be more stable than the (II)
of nitrogen in azo compounds and compounds
603 (4)
containing nitrogen in the ring since these
Electrophiles are electron deficient while
compounds are not completely converted into
nucleophiles are electron rich in nature, 𝑖𝑒,
(NH4 )2 SO4 during digestion
electrophile can accept an electron pair while
594 (2,3)
nucleophile donates an electron pair
Glycerol is purified by vacuum distillation.
Glycerol boils with decomposition at 563 K but it 604 (4)
pressure is lowered to 12 mm. It boils at 453 K Na + ⏟ C + N → NaCN
without decomposition
595 (2,3) 2Na + S → Na2 S
Both ethanol and dimethyl ether are isomers and
hence contain the same percentage of carbon Na + Cl → NaCl
Assertion - Reasoning Type Na + Br → NaBr
597 (1)
Molality does not depend upon volume of the Na + I → NaI
solution as molarity or normality. So, it does not
depend upon temperature. 605 (2)
In Victor Mayer method, a known mass of the
598 (2) substance is converted into vapour by dropping in
2O3 → 3O2 a hot tube. The vapour displaces its own volume
of air which is collected over water and its volume
2 mol O3 ≡ 3 mol O2 = 3 × 2 eq O2 measured at the observed temperature and
M pressure
EO = 6
606 (1)
48 The empirical formula of compound in the
= =8
6 simplest formula deduced from its percentage
599 (1) composition showing its composition by mass
Normality = molarity × 𝑛
607 (1)
(n =mol wt. of solute /eq. wt. of solute) In sublimation, certain substances when heated,
first directly convert from the solid to the vapour
600 (2) state without melting. The vapour when cooled,
Alcohols leading to conjugated alkenes are more give back the solid substance
easily dehydrated than the alcohols leading to
non-conjugated alkenes 608 (2)
Percentage of sulphur
601 (2)
Carbon in carbanion is 𝑠𝑝 3-hybridised with one 32 0.35
= × × 100 = 13.35 %
orbital occupied by a lone pair 233 0.36

Matrix Match Type

602 (1)
609 (1)
Both the structures are resonating structure of
Sublimation conversion of solid directly into
formic acid
gaseous phase. The liquid state does not exist.
𝑒. 𝑔., naphthalene, anthracene.
Beilstein test simple chemical test for halogens.
In negative charge is on oxygen but Victor-Meyer’s method Standard laboratory
method for determining the molecular weight of a
P a g e | 92
 volatile liquid. 35.5 wt.of AgCl
% of chlorine = 143.5 × wt.of organic compound × 100
Steam distillation vaporisation of the volatile
35.5 0.70
constituents of a liquid. It is special type of = × × 100 = 49.47 %
143.5 0.35
distillation for a temperature sensitive materials 617 (4)
like aromatic natural compounds. 𝑒. 𝑔., 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 Carius method is used to estimate iodine
nitrophenol, cinnamaldehyde. 618 (3)
Vacuum distillation at reduced pressure. It is AgI = I
generally used in case of high boiling liquids (108+127) 127
which decompose below their normal boiling 127 0.3525
Thus, percentage of iodine= 235 × × 100 =
points, cannot be purified by distillation at 0.197

atmospheric pressure 𝑒. 𝑔., glycerol. 96.68 %

Eudiometry it is the process of determining the 619 (1)
constituents of a gaseous mixture by eudiometer. Empirical formula = CH2 O
It is used for ascertaining the purity of air or Molecular weight = 90
amount of 𝑂2 in it. Empirical formula weight of CH2 O
Linked Comprehension Type = 12 + (1 × 2) + 16 = 30
610 (3) molecular formula
𝑛=
Toluene shows resonance due to delocalization of empirical formula weight
𝜋-electrons 90
= =3
611 (4) 30
Molecular formula= (CH2 O)3 = C3 H6 O3
Compounds containing two or more fused
620 (4)
benzene rings are called polynuclear aromatic
40 13.33 46.67
hydrocarbons C: H: N = : : = 1: 4: 1
12 1 14
612 (3) So, empirical formula = CH4 N
Due to resonance, all C − C bond distances in 621 (2)
benzene are equal CH2 = 12 + 2 = 14
613 (4) 42
𝑛 = 14 = 3 mol
Substrate having carbonyl group on β carbon is
the excellent substrate for SN 2 reaction Formula = (CH2 )3 = C3 H6
614 (3)
Rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction is
directly proportional to the basicity
615 (3)
Strong – 𝐼 group present on 𝛼-carbon stabilizes
the TS of the SN 2 reaction
616 (2)

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