Unbalance
consequences, causes, definitions ...
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals - Part 1
unbalance, C.o.G., eccentricity, centrifugal force, vektor ...
Fundamentals - Part 2
axial unbalance distribution on rigid rotors, types of unbalances ...
Tolerances
quality grade, allocation of balancing planes ...
Measuring Unbalance
balancing machines, accomodation, drive, measuring principles ...
Balancing speed determined by
balancing maschine, rotor, economy, safety ...
Correction of Unbalance
types of correction (add, remove, shift), economy, errors, tolerance ...
Errors
phenomena, causes, types, cure (typical examples) ...
State of a Rotor
rigid rotor (constant behaviour), other rotors (variable ~ ) ...
Addentum
articles ...
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Unbalance
Description u unbalance mass r radius U unbalance Unit g mm gmm
according ISO 1925
*1)
r Formula U=ur Unit gmm kgmm kgm gcm mgmm
*1) u unbalance mass often called m u also
Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-01
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Center of Gravity (C.o.G.) of Unbalance Mass
according ISO 1925
u
The centre of gravity of the unbalance mass u acts at the radius r
Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-02
Fundamentals eccentricity e of the rotor
Is the distance between rotating axis and center of gravity
Description u r U e m unbalance mass radius unbalance (mass) eccentricity mass (rotor) *1) Unit g mm gmm um kg r Formula U=ur =me U ur = m m g mm = m kg mg mm g Unit
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
according ISO 1925
e=
*1) m
rotor mass often called m R also
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-03
Author VB - 23-Feb-2001
Fundamentals
Rotation
Description u unbalance mass r radius U unbalance angular velocity n speed v circumferential speed Formula 2 n 60 Unit g mm gmm rad/s minm/s
1
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
according ISO 1925
Unit
10
rad/s
where n is measured in [rpm]
v = r
where r is measured in meters [m]
m/s
*1) n also common in [1/min, rpm]
Veit Bleistein - 22-Feb-2001
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-01
Fundamentals
Centrifugal Force
Description Unit u unbalance mass g r radius mm U unbalance gmm angular velocity rad/s n speed minv circumferential speed m/s
1
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Force(s)
v U n
F centrifugal force *
2
F=ur F=u v r
(with: v = r
2
n 10
N N m
) [m/s]
use u [kg], r [m]
2
* Newton: 1 N = 1 kg m/s
Veit Bleistein - 23-Feb-2001
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-02
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Exercises
1. How much is the unbalance of a screw weighing 15 g at a radius of 300 mm? 2. What centrifugal force is generated at 1 000 rpm?
Exercises
3. The rotor weight is 225 kg. By how much is the c.o.g. displaced from the shaft axis? 4. An Unbalance correction reduces this eccentricity to 3 : Calculate the residual unbalance. m. 5. If the centrifugal force is the limiting factor, what is the max. per. speed now? 6. A 100 ton roll was produced with an eccentricity of 3 mm. How much is the initial unbalance? 7. The correction radius is 1.5 m. Calculate the necessary correction mass. 8. The max. per. eccentricity of a 30 g gyroscope is 0.01: What is that in terms of unbalance? m. 9. Its correction radius is 15 mm. Welche What unbalance mass may remain?
Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-10
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Vector
Unbalance is a Vector quantity; like a Force it has a Direction. It can be shifted linearly on its Line of Action.
Line of Action (Vector)
U
r r u
Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 -VB 23-Feb-2001
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-01
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Vector
Split into 90deg. - components (H- and V- components )
0
90 deg. components (H-,V-components)
U0
U
90
U
U90
90
Vector (-forces, -unbalances) can be split into Component (-forces, -unbalances) In this case the original vector has been split into 90 (deg.) components in the vertical and horizontal axis.
Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 23-Feb-2001
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-02
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Vector
Split up into 90 deg.- (90) components Rotor coordinates offset by 30 deg. against angular reference system of balancing machine
30
90 deg. components 30 deg. off 0 deg.
30
U30 U U120
120 120
Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 27-Sep-2000
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-05
Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Vector
Split up into 120 deg. (120) - components
120 deg. components (Vector)
U0 U U U120
120 120
Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 27-Sep-2000
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-07
