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Osi Model

its an odf on osi model in data communication

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18 views3 pages

Osi Model

its an odf on osi model in data communication

Uploaded by

shivam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: OSI Model

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

It is a reference model that specifies standards for communication and


functionalities of each layer.

The OSI model has been developed by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).

It consists of a seven-layer architecture, where each layer has different


functions and protocols to follow.

OSI Guidelines specify:

1. How network devices contact each other.

2. How devices use different protocols to communicate.

3. How the physical network devices are arranged.

4. How network devices maintain consistent data flow.

5. How data is represented on the network (Waves).

The 7 Layers of the OSI Model:

1. Application Layer – Represents user applications.

2. Presentation Layer – Handles data presentation (encryption, compression).

3. Session Layer – Manages sessions between devices.

4. Transport Layer – Ensures data transfer is reliable.

5. Network Layer – Handles data routing and addressing.

6. Data Link Layer – Ensures error-free data transmission over a physical link.

7. Physical Layer – Transmits raw bit streams over the physical medium.

Diagram of Layers (with protocol examples) in the Image:

Application Layer → Application Protocol

Presentation Layer → Presentation Protocol

Topic: OSI Model 1


Session Layer → Session Protocol

Transport Layer → Transport Protocol

Network Layer → Common Network

Data Link Layer → Data Link Protocol

Physical Layer → Physical Layer (Medium)

OSI Layers:

1. Application Layer:

The purpose of the Application Layer (A.L.) is to provide user services,


such as electronic mail, file transfer, and resource allocation.

Application Layer protocols have been developed for file transfer, email,
and network management.

2. Presentation Layer:

Responsible for presenting data in a format users can understand.

For example, two different computers may use different numeric and
character formats. The Presentation Layer translates the data from one
presentation format to another.

This layer may also encrypt data before handing it to the lower layer for
transfer. At the receiving end, it decrypts the data.

3. Session Layer:

Allows applications on two different computers to establish a session for


logical connection.

It concerns full management and overall networking functions, including


managing session availability and system time allocation.

4. Transport Layer:

Responsible for ensuring that data is reliably sent from the sending node
to the receiving node.

Network Layer:

Topic: OSI Model 2


Deals with routing strategy, responsible for the delivery of packets from
source to destination.

Controls the communication subset, which includes the collection of


transmission media and switching elements required for routing and data
transmission.

Data Link Layer:

Provides for the transfer of frames (blocks of information) across a


transmission link that directly connects two nodes.

Recognizes the data format and uses error detection and correction
techniques to ensure error-free transmission.

Also uses flow control techniques to control how much information is sent
at a time.

Physical Layer:

Deals with the transfer of bits over a communication channel.

Examples include coaxial cables, optical fiber cables, or radio waves.

Topic: OSI Model 3

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