1.

Introduction
Gender-based violence (GBV) affects millions of people globally, especially women and girls. It
is an epidemic that crosses in addition to social structures, economic systems, and cultural
barriers. GBV is the term for harmful acts that are aimed towards a person because of their
gender and are frequently caused by unequal power dynamics and societal standards. This
violence can take many different forms, such as abuse that is emotional, psychological, sexual, or
physical.

Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a key concern within the communities affected by different
emergencies in Ethiopia including conflicts, ethnic clashes/tensions, floods, and droughts.
Conflicts and situations of instability exacerbate pre-existing patterns of discrimination against
women and girls, exposing them to heightened risks of GBV and other harmful practices.

Ethiopia Gender Based Violence

1) Prevalence: About 37% of women aged 15 to 49 reported having experienced physical

abuse, while approximately 9 percent reported sexual violence, according to the 2016
Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Considering the high number of unreported
instances, these numbers probably understate the actual scope of the issue. (41)
2) Cultural Context: Conventional wisdom reinforces gender inequity while cultural norms
frequently encourage violence. Women's freedom is restricted and their susceptibility to
violence is heightened in different cultures where women are predominantly viewed as
caregivers.
3) Impact of Conflict: Sexual abuse has reportedly been utilized as a weapon in conflict,
resulting in greater displacement and vulnerability for women and girls. Ongoing
conflicts in many regions of Ethiopia have added to the problem.

In Ethiopia, gender-based violence (GBV) is highly prevalent with 35% of ever married women
aged 15-49 experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual violence from their husband or partner,
68% agreeing that wife-beating can be justified and about 65% of women aged 15-49 having
undergone FGM. It is demonstrated that girls and especially young women are
disproportionately affected by GBV.

1.1 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

1.1.1 Child marriage and marriage by abduction

The 2016 EDHS collected nationally representative data on emotional, physical and sexual
violence against women, as well as child marriage and FGM/C. The EDHS shows that more than
half of married Ethiopian women were married as children (before age 18), although child
marriage is on the decline (49% of women aged 25-29 were married before age 18, and only
40% of women aged 20-24) (2). The median age at first marriage in Oromia is 17.4 years, which
is close to the national average of 17.5 years (2). Consistent with the EDHS, a 2009-2010
population-based survey in seven regions of Ethiopia found that 47% of young women aged
20-24 had been married before the age of 18, with 17% marrying before age 15. Women who
had married at younger ages were at greater risk of physical IPV (reported by 12% of women
married before age 15, and 9% of women married before age 18) and sexual IPV (forced first
marital sex reported by 32% of women married before age 15, and 16% of women married
before age 18) (3). Most women married before age 18 had never been to school, underscoring
the urgency of targeting child marriage and girls’ education in tandem.

Although data on marriage by abduction is scant (and not collected by the EDHS), one study
suggests that it is not a rare occurrence in Oromia. A 2011 population-based survey in East
Wollega Zone, Oromia, found that 7% of urban and rural women reported marriage by
abduction, a traditional practice in which a girl is kidnapped, raped and then forced to marry. Not
surprisingly, girls and women experiencing such a violent event are significantly more likely to
experience subsequent IPV than other women; as the authors argue, “abduction by itself is
physically, psychologically, and sexually forcing a woman to have sexual intercourse” (4).
According to another source, a girl might be abducted in the midst of routine activities such as
fetching water or firewood, and may be raped or gang raped. After losing her virginity, she and
her family believe she has little choice but to marry her abductor (3).

1.1.2 Female genital mutilation/cutting

FGM/C has been outlawed in Ethiopia since 2005, and the Ethiopian government is actively
working to end the practice by 2025, such as under the national Harmful Traditional Practices
strategy (2). Nevertheless, recent data collection carried out by the DFSA and LRO revealed that
the practice continued in project areas and was a matter of great concern to community
members (11). Nationally, most Ethiopians reported in the 2016 EDHS that they did not support
the practice (79% of women and 87% of men) (2), and the practice is on the decline. The
percentage of women aged 15-49 reporting being circumcised decreased from 74% in the 2005
EDHS to 65% in the 2016 EDHS, and the proportion of young women aged 15-19 reporting
being circumcised decreased even further across the two surveys, from 62% to 47% (2, 15). The
2016 EDHS assessed circumcision among younger girls using mothers’ reports, finding that 16%
of girls aged 0-14 were reported to be circumcised: about 10% of girls by age 5, about 20% by
age 10, and 38% by age 14 (2). These data suggest that FGM/C continues to decline among
younger cohorts, although the practice may also be underreported by women because they know
it to be illegal (2).

Rural and Muslim women are more likely to be circumcised and support circumcision.
Nationally, 41% of Muslim women say the practice is required by their religion and 82% of
Muslim women are circumcised, whereas these proportions are lower for adherents of other
religions (2). Among Catholics, 20% say the practice is required by their religion and 58% are
circumcised (2). Among Orthodox, 17% say the practice is required by their religion and 54%
are circumcised (2). Among Protestants, 13% say the practice is required by their religion and
66% are circumcised (2).In Oromia, 3 in 4 women (76%) are circumcised (higher than the
national average of 65%) although only 2% of these women are infibulated (lower than the
national average of 7%) (2).
A community-based sample of women in Bale Zone, Oromia, found similar prevalence of
FGM/C, with 79% of women having undergone FGM/C and higher rates among Muslim, rural
and older women (16). Women reported that FGM/C was a precursor to marriage, a means of
gaining social acceptance and guarding virginity (as well as suppressing sexual desire), and that
their religion prescribed the practice (16). Elsewhere in Oromia, in Horro Guduru Wallaga Zone,
nearly half of mothers (48%) had at least one circumcised daughter, and women were more
likely to have a circumcised daughter if they were rural, illiterate or did not have a good
knowledge of FGM/C or know it was illegal (17). More positively, another study in urban Harar
town, Oromia, demonstrated generational changes in the practice of FMG/C, finding that while
80% of interviewed mothers were circumcised, only 19% of their daughters (aged 0-14) were
circumcised (18). However, this study also found perceived benefits to FGM/C, in tha women
reported social acceptance and better marriage prospects for girls who were circumcised (18).

1.1.3 Sexual violence and rape

Sexual violence and rape against girls and women may be perpetrated by a spouse or partner
(intimate partner violence, or IPV), or by another individual. According to the EDHS, 13% of
women had experienced sexual violence and 9% had experienced sexual violence in the previous
year (2). Other studies have found higher rates of violence, such as a survey in urban secondary
schools in eastern Oromia (Dire Dawa, Hara and Jijiga towns) which found that 68% of female
students had experienced sexual violence, with 56% reporting sexual assault, 25% sexual
coercion, and 15% sexual aggression (19).

1.1.4 Intimate partner violence

Multiple studies have found that the vast majority of physical and sexual violence is perpetrated
by intimate partners. In the EDHS, over 90% of sexual violence reported by women and girls
was perpetrated by husbands or partners (2). A 2005 global study of GBV carried out by the
World Health Organization found that only 0.3% of Ethiopian girls and women reported sexual
violence from a non-partner, and 5% physical violence from a non-partner, whereas 59%
reported sexual violence from a partner at some point in their lives (20). Remarkably, Ethiopia
had the highest prevalence of sexual IPV of any of the 10 countries included in the study, and
higher rates of sexual violence than physical violence. The report identified forced first sex at the
time of marriage as a major type of sexual violence, with girls being particularly vulnerable (20).

According to the EDHS, women’s risk of having experienced IPV of any kind increases with
age, and rural and uneducated women have a higher risk of IPV, as do women whose husbands
are uneducated or drink alcohol (2). Although most violence against girls and women in Ethiopia
is perpetrated by husbands or partners, the relatively small number of divorced, widowed or
separated women have a higher risk of violence than married women (2). Women in Oromia
experience the most IPV of any region in Ethiopia, with 38% of ever-married women12
reporting having experienced IPV (25% emotional IPV, 30% physical IPV, 13% sexual IPV, and
9% all three forms of IPV) (2). One in four married women in Oromia (25%) reported physical
or sexual IPV in the previous year (2). In addition, 6% of married women in Oromia perpetrated
physical violence against their husband in the previous year at a time when he was not already
beating her, the highest rate of woman-perpetrated violence of any region in Ethiopia (2).
The EDHS also collected data on attitudes toward IPV. Approximately two-thirds of women
(69%) in Oromia condone a husband beating his wife in at least some circumstances, such as if
she burns the food, argues with him, or refuses to have sex with him (2). Only 1 in 3 women
(34%) in Oromia said they could refuse sex with their husbands, a proportion that is lower than
the national average (2).

Only 1 in 5 women (20%) in Oromia who had suffered physical or sexual violence reported to
the EDHS that they had sought help, and 7 in 10 (70%) had never told anyone about the
violence. Women who were rural, poor and/or uneducated were less likely to seek help (2).
Nationally, Ethiopian women who did seek help for physical or sexual violence primarily sought
help from neighbors (34%) or their own family (31%), while only a small minority sought help
from the police (8%), a religious leader (6%), or service providers such as lawyers (3%), social
work organizations (3%), or doctors/medical personnel (2%) (2). Similarly, in a survey of
women in East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, only one-third (33%) of women who had experienced
violence reported it to legal authorities, and most women said they did not report it because they
did not want to expose the issues or did not know where to go for help (21).

Other surveys found even higher rates of IPV among women in Oromia, suggesting that women
may be underreporting violence to the EDHS. A population-based survey conducted in 2011 in
urban and rural East Wollega Zone, Oromia, found that 73% of ever-married women reported
experiencing IPV in the previous year (psychological, physical or sexual) and 77% reported
experiencing IPV in their lifetime (22). Moreover, each type of violence had been experienced
by a majority of women in the previous year (64% for psychological, 63% for physical, 55% for
sexual), and most women (57%) had experienced all three types in their lifetime (22). An earlier
study (2009) conducted in Jimma Zone, Oromia, found that even with a more restrictive
definition of IPV (encompassing only physical and sexual IPV), 41% of women reported IPV in
the previous year and 65% reported lifetime IPV (23).

Pregnant women face particular risks from IPV, to their own health and that of their babies.
A 2014 community-based survey in Abay Chomen Zone, Oromia, found that nearly half of
women (45%) reported experiencing IPV during their most recent pregnancy, with 16%
reporting psychological IPV, 29% physical IPV, 30% sexual IPV, and 25% reporting all three
types of IPV (24). A hospital-based study of women who had recently given birth in Bale Zone,
Oromia, found lower rates of IPV during the last pregnancy (26%), but also found a strong
association between IPV during pregnancy and low birth weight. Women with low-birth-weight
babies reported three times the rate of IPV of other women (48% versus 16%), an association
which held true in multivariate analysis (25).

1.1.5 Other forms of gender-based discrimination against girls

and women
According to EDHS data, men who exhibited controlling behaviors were also more likely to
perpetrate violence (2). Most women (61%) in Oromia reported that their husbands displayed at
least one of the following controlling behaviors: jealousy or anger if she talked to other men,
accusing her of being unfaithful, not allowing her to meet with female friends, limiting her
contact with her family, or insisting on knowing where she was at all times (2). Furthermore,
10% of married women in Oromia who received cash earnings reported that their husbands
mainly decided how it was spent (2). Far fewer women than men in Oromia were sole owners of
assets such as a house or land (19% of women owned a house and 18% owned land, compared to
45% and 44% of men, respectively) (2). Only 8% of women in Oromia had a bank account and
23% owned a mobile phone, which was less than half of comparable rates for men (17% and
54%) (2). When asked who chose their first husband, only 1 in 3 women in Oromia said they
chose for themselves (34%), while the rest reported that their parents or another relative had
chosen for them (2).

1.1.6 Violence against boys and men

The topic of violence against boys and men is virtually absent from the literature. One exception
is the Young Lives project, which highlights that both boys and girls in Ethiopia face violence
that is “widespread, accepted, and normalized,” particularly physical punishment and emotional
abuse (30). Boys may face more physical violence than girls, with a Young Lives study finding
that 44% of 8-year-old boys had experienced corporal punishment at school in the previous
week, compared to only 31% of girls (30). Other analyses of GBV addressed violence faced by
girls and women, but not by boys or men (12, 31, 32). The only reference to violence against
men found in the literature reviewed (other than violence encountered in war or armed conflict)
was in EDHS data reporting that a small number of women had perpetrated violence against their
husbands (2).

GBV response needs are also high in Benishangul Gumuz, Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions as
a result of increased violence and drought. The drought affecting Ethiopia especially in Somali,
Oromia and Afar regions is exacerbating GBV risks for women and girls with anecdotal reports
of a rise in sexual violence and early marriages, against a backdrop of communities practicing
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). This has implication on early and unintended pregnancy in a
country with a high maternal mortality rate.

The project "Empowering Survivors: Combating Domestic Violence and Enhancing

Livelihoods" aims to provide a holistic approach to addressing domestic violence by focusing on
both prevention and survivor empowerment. By creating a supportive environment that combines
protection, legal support, and economic opportunities, this initiative seeks to break the cycle of
violence and enable survivors to rebuild their lives.

This project is centered on improving community awareness, offering survivor-centered services,

and enhancing economic prospects for people affected by domestic abuse. In order to guarantee a
thorough response, it will work in conjunction with regional groups, governmental organizations,
and civic leaders, emphasizing the empowerment of survivors to not only flee abuse but also to
get stable employment. The ultimate objective is to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence
while raising the socioeconomic status of those who have survived, therefore establishing a more
safe and just society in Ethiopia.
 1.2 Background

Ethiopia continues to be a country where gender-based violence (GBV), especially domestic

violence, is a serious problem due to ingrained sociocultural norms and traditional gender roles.
One of the most common types of gender-based violence is domestic abuse, which
disproportionately affects women and girls. Numerous statistics states that a large number of
Ethiopian women experience physical, psychological, and sexual abuse at home, frequently with
little in the way of social or legal help. According to data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic
and Health Survey (EDHS), a sizable portion of women have been victims of domestic violence,
and many of these incidents go unreported because of stigma, fear, or a lack of access to social
and legal assistance.

Ethiopia, like many other countries, has a serious problem with gender-based violence (GBV),
especially with domestic abuse. Domestic violence not only threatens people's rights, safety, and
dignity especially those of women but also makes it more difficult for them to make a positive
contribution to their communities and the socioeconomic development of the nation. Despite
different efforts to address the issue, domestic violence is widespread, typically rooted in
cultural, societal, and economic reasons that perpetuate gender inequity.

According to one survey, 81 percent of women and 80 percent of males in Addis Ababa's 25–30
age group had either experienced or seen violence at home as children, and 35 percent of women
in the 15–49 age group had ever been the victim of physical or sexual abuse. Overconsumption
and excessive alcohol consumption are common among women who reside in areas with low
economic growth and limited educational opportunities, as well as high incidence of domestic
violence. Therefore, empowering women socially and economically is crucial for preventing
violence, reducing suffering, and providing assistance for survivors.

Domestic violence is still a major problem in Ethiopia. The following are some important
domestic violence data points for 2023, based on different sources and surveys: Prevalence:
About 10% of women aged 15 to 49 reported having experienced sexual violence, while about
23-25% reported having experienced physical abuse at some point in their lives. Intimate Partner
Violence (IPV): According to the 2023 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 34–
37% of women who have ever been married and are between the ages of 15 and 49 report having
been the victim of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse at the hands of an intimate partner.
Comparing rural and urban areas, domestic violence is more common in rural areas (about 39%)
than in urban areas (about 29%). Support Services: Less than 40% of women who experience
domestic violence turn to support services, indicating an important gap in their availability.

The Oromia Region's Domestic Violence Prevalence in Oromia, 35–38% of women between the
ages of 15 and 49 reported being abused physically, sexually, or emotionally by an intimate
partner. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) more than 40% of women in Oromia's rural areas say
they have experienced IPV in some capacity, compared to closer to 30–33% in the region's cities.
Physical Violence: In line with national averages, between 25 and 28% of women reported
having experienced physical violence. Sexual Violence: In Oromia, 10-12% of women reported
having been sexually abused by their partner. Reporting and Support: A lower percentage of
women (approximately 30%) in Oromia sought help for domestic violence compared to the
national average, largely due to cultural shame and restricted access to resources in rural
areas. These data highlight the persistent issue with domestic violence in the Oromia region,
especially in its more remote and rural areas.

The statistics from 2023 regarding domestic violence in Addis Ababa, the major city of Ethiopia,
presents a slightly different image than that of the country and its rural areas. Domestic violence
prevalence: About 25–28% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 said they had been the
victim of sexual, emotional, or physical violence from a close partner. Although less than the
national average, this is still remarkable. Intimate relationship Violence (IPV) compared to more
rural areas like Oromia, less women in Addis Ababa roughly 27–30% of themreported intimate
relationship violence. Physical Violence of the women surveyed, 20–23% reported having been
the victim of physical violence. This is a smaller percentage than in rural areas, but it is still
alarming. Sexual Violence: In Addis Ababa, 8–10% of women said they had been attacked
sexually by their partners. Reporting and Support compared to the national average, a larger
percentage of women in Addis Ababa (about 50%) sought support for domestic violence; this is
probably because urban environments generally to be less stigmatizing and offer more access to
support services.

Domestic violence trends in Adama, Ethiopia's Oromia region, are comparable to those observed
throughout the nation's cities and rural areas. The Adama Prevalence of Domestic Violence data
for 2023 About 30–33% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 said they had been the victim
of physical, psychological, or sexual violence at the hands of a close partner. Intimate
relationship Violence (IPV) In Adama, approximately 32–35% of women reported experiencing
intimate relationship violence, which is consistent with patterns observed in Oromia's more
urbanized areas. Physical Violence between 22 and 25 percent of women said their boyfriends
had physically abused them. Sexual Violence in line with national averages, 8–10% of women
reported having experienced sexual violence. Reporting and Support: In Adama, between 35 and
40 percent of women reported or sought help from domestic violence.
 2. Literature Review
High rates of GBV: The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)
showed a high level of GBV in Ethiopia and specifically in Oromia region, with 1 in 4 women in
Oromia reporting physical or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous year. (2)

Low rates of disclosing GBV and seeking help: Strikingly, in the same survey only 1 in
5 women who had suffered physical or sexual violence sought help, and 7 out of 10 women who
had suffered such violence had never told anyone. (2)

Child marriage and marriage by abduction on the decline but still prevalent: Nearly
half of Ethiopian married women aged 15-49 were married by age 18, but for women aged
20-24, only 40% had married before age 18 (2). Child marriage is associated with harm,
including a higher risk of IPV, and lack of schooling (3). Marriage by abduction, a traditional
practice, is also associated with negative outcomes such as a risk of IPV. (4)

Female genital cutting/mutilation (FGM/C) is illegal but still carried out in secret:
The secretive nature of this traditional practice makes accurate data hard to collect. Yet in the
most recent EDHS, nearly half of women aged 15-19 had undergone FGM/C. (2)

Food insecurity is declining in Ethiopia but is still a serious problem: Ethiopia has
been making gains against hunger over the past two decades (5), but 10% of households are
chronically food insecure and the number grows during natural and human-made disasters such
as drought and armed conflict. (6)

GBV and gender-based discrimination intersect with food insecurity as cause and effect: GBV
impairs women’s agency and ability to productively engage in livelihoods and agricultural
activities. (7) Conversely, household food insecurity may increase a woman’s risk of IPV.(6) .

2.1. KEY FORMS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

A primary incident of violence could cause secondary violence, which could itself lead to a third
type of violence. Some of the causal pathways described by KIs are listed in Figure 1. For
example, child or forced marriage (primary violence) could lead to early pregnancy (secondary)
which could lead to health risks to the mother and baby (tertiary). A critical point is that all types
of violence were believed to cause life-altering effects such as psychological trauma, shame,
isolation and loss of productivity which led to poverty

Figure 1: Secondary violence and consequences of GBV

Child or forced marriage  Dropping out of school
 Early pregnancy -> health risks to
mother, baby (including obstetric
fistula)
 Limited control over household
resources -> poverty
 Overwork and heavy responsibility ->
poor health

FGM/C  Risk of HIV transmission during

procedure
 Risk of hemorrhage during procedure -
> possible death
 Complications during menstruation
and sexual intercourse
 Complications during childbirth ->
obstetric fistula

Rape  Physical injury

 Psychological trauma
 Unwanted or early (child) pregnancy
 Forced marriage to the rapist and/or
child marriage
 Blackmail, such as rapist (falsely)
promising marriage if the victim stays
silent
 “Verbal violence” from community or
family if case becomes known

Physical IPV  Physical injury

 Divorce -> poverty, food insecurity
and hunger

Abduction  Child marriage -> high risk of divorce

-> poverty and loss of reputation for
girl
 Early pregnancy -> health risks to
 mother and baby
 Dropping out of school

 Poverty

Polygamy  Women being denied resources ->

food insecurity and hunger
 Poverty -> children not being educated
 Spousal conflict -> verbal and physical
IPV
 Psychological distress for wife due to
husband’s loss of interest in her
 Risk of HIV

All types of violence  Psychological trauma, fear, shame,

self-stigma, loss of self-esteem
 Stigma, discrimination, isolation, and
ostracization by family and
community
 Loss of productivity -> poverty

This understanding of GBV as being embedded in other social realities may explain why KIs
(Key informant) often labeled as “violence” circumstances which, although unfortunate, do not
fit the typical definition of GBV. For example, one KI described as GBV a situation in which a
girl moved out of her family home to work in a bar, and subsequently became exposed to HIV
and unwanted pregnancy. In such a case, the KI felt that a girl was likely to be abandoned by the
man who had impregnated her, and she might then consider abortion due to the stigma associated
with being an unwed mother. Many KIs expressed concern about the situation of girls who
became pregnant out of wedlock, and perceived these situations as violence even if the sexual
relationship was consensual. Put another way, KIs typically did not distinguish between
situations that posed risks to a girl or woman’s safety and well-being, and those that involved
GBV. They seemed to be as concerned about the unraveling of the social order (through
pre-marital sex and out-of-wedlock pregnancies) as they were about a girls’ and women’s human
rights and whether their rights had been violated through GBV.

3. Problem Justification
One of the most common gender-based violence types in Ethiopia is still domestic violence,
which has a terrible effect on survivors' physical, mental, and financial health. Strongly
entrenched cultural norms have contributed to the normalization of abuse in families, which puts
women and girls at higher risk of violence. Even with legal frameworks like the Criminal Code
and the Revised Family Code, enforcement of these laws is still lacking, and survivors still have
a lot of obstacles to face when seeking to get support and justice.

Domestic abuse has long-lasting effects that frequently keep survivors in cycles of dependency
and poverty. Access to economic freedom, work opportunities, and education are often denied to
women who are victims of domestic violence. This economic vulnerability keeps survivors
dependent on their abusers and keeps them from leaving abusive environments. Domestic abuse
thus continues to be a barrier to Ethiopian the empowerment of women and gender equality.

Additionally, poor awareness and stigma surrounding domestic violence restrict efforts to
address the issue effectively. Many communities continue to view domestic violence to be a
private family matter, discourages victims from coming out or seeking for help. The problem is
made exacerbated by the dearth of easily accessible and survivor-centered services, such as safe
shelters, counseling for mental health, and legal help. These programs are frequently nonexistent
in rural regions, providing survivors of the means to leave violent relationships.

Project is justified by the urgent need to address both the core causes and consequences of
domestic violence. This project focuses on survivor-centered interventions that combine
economic, legal, and psychosocial support in an effort to empower survivors and end the cycle of
violence. In addition to being crucial for the survivors' personal well-being, strengthening their
livelihoods also advances gender equality and Ethiopia's overall socioeconomic development.

3.1. Causes of Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia

1. Cultural Norms and Traditions:
 Patriarchal Society: Traditional gender norms are highly entrenched in Ethiopian
society, which is primarily patriarchal. Because of the prevalent belief that men are
superior to women, violence might result from this power disparity.
 Customary Practices: Certain regions have a high prevalence of harmful traditional
practices that lead to gender-based violence, including bride abduction, female genital
mutilation (FGM), and early marriage.
2. Economic Factors:
 Poverty: Extreme poverty can make GBV worse. It may be more difficult for
women to leave situations of violence if they are financially dependent on men.
 Unemployment: Women who do not have access to employment options may be
more vulnerable to violence.
3. Lack of Legal Protection:
 Weak Enforcement: While regulations are place to prevent GBV, they are frequently
not enforced effectively. Victims may choose not to disclose occurrences because
they are fear of being stigmatized or because they don't trust the judicial system.
 Limited Access to Justice: Women living in remote regions may find it difficult to
get support services and legal resources.
4. Educational Barriers:
  Poor Literacy Rates: Women with lower literacy rates may be less understanding of
their rights and how to get assistance.
 Lack of Education: Having little access to education can prolong cycles of
dependency and poverty, making people more susceptible to GBV.

3.2 Gender-Based Violence's Effects

1. Physical and Psychological Health:

 Physical Injuries: Genital Mutilation (GBV) can lead to severe physical injuries such as
fractures, bruising, and other long-term health problems.
 Mental Health: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression are
among the mental health conditions that GBV victims frequently experience.

2. Economic Impact:

 GBV can have a negative impact on women's productivity at work, which can cause
financial losses for families and communities.
 Health Care Costs: The expense of treating physical and mental health problems caused
on by GBV can place a significant strain on healthcare systems.

3. Social Consequences:

 Stigmatization: Individuals who have experienced gender-based violence can experience

stigma and social distancing, thereby exacerbating their pain.
 Family breakdown: GBV can cause families to break down and can have an impact on
the growth and well-being of children.

3.2.1 Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia

1. Education and Awareness:

 Community Programs: Implementing into practice community-based initiatives that raise

awareness of gender inequality and the dangers of GBV among men and women.
 School Curriculums: To educate the next generation, include GBV awareness and gender
equality in school curricula.

2. Legal Reforms and Enforcement:

 To ensure that laws against GBV are strong and successfully implemented, legislation
must be strengthened.
 Additionally, victims' access to legal resources and support, especially in remote regions,
must be improved.

3. Economic Empowerment:
  Creating jobs for women is one way to lessen their reliance on men for financial support.
 Microfinance Programs: Encouraging women to take advantage of microfinance and
other forms of economic empowerment.

4. Support Services:

 Ensuring that survivors of GBV have access to mental health support and other
comprehensive healthcare treatments.
 Shelter and Safe Houses: Providing GBV victims with immediate protection and help by
establishing shelters and safe houses.

A comprehensive strategy that encompasses modifying cultural norms, enhancing women's

economic possibilities, fortifying legal protections, and offering extensive support services is
needed to address gender-based violence in Ethiopia. Reducing the occurrence of GBV and
assisting victims in starting over can be accomplished by addressing the underlying causes and
offering efficient solutions.

4. Problem/Need Statement
According to Ethiopia's 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), an astounding 90% of
women believe that a husband's beating of his wife is at least occasionally appropriate.
Additionally, it states that one in five women have been the victim of domestic violence, and
some may even experience various forms of violence at the same time. According to the same
survey, Ethiopian women are less likely to be educated, to have access to healthcare, and to be
able to make decisions for their families.

4.1 The Problem

1. High Prevalence of GBV: Female genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage are two
detrimental traditional practices that are highly prevalent in Ethiopia. Other forms of
gender-based violence include sexual assault and domestic abuse. Survivors of these
violent acts suffer psychological, emotional, and physical wounds.
2. Lack of Support Services: Survivors typically have limited access to essential services
such as healthcare, legal help, and psychosocial support. This insufficiency stems from
the stigma attached to asking for assistance as well as a lack of resources.
3. Economic Disempowerment: A large number of survivors deal with serious financial
challenges. Their financial reliance on abusers, unemployment, and lack of job skills
keep them trapped in cycles of poverty and violence. In the absence of economic
prospects, survivors find it difficult to become self-sufficient and start over.
4. Cultural Barriers: GBV is sustained by deeply rooted gender biases and cultural norms,
which also make remedies less successful. Survivors frequently experience
discrimination and exclusion, which makes it difficult for them to ask for assistance and
reintegrate into society.
 5. Low Awareness and Education: The effects of GBV are generally not well understood
or emphasized. Communities frequently lack the knowledge necessary to adequately
support survivors and stop violence.

4.2 The Need

In order to solve these intricate and interrelated problems, a comprehensive strategy that
strengthens survivors' livelihoods and gives them agency is desperately needed. This requires
for:

1. Integrated Support Services: Creating and strengthening legal, psychological, and

medical support networks that are suited to the requirements of GBV survivors. This
entails offering secure housing, health care, therapy, and legal assistance.
2. Programs for Economic Empowerment: Creating chances for entrepreneurship,
financial literacy, and vocational training to assist survivors in becoming financially
independent. It's crucial to have access to micro financing and job opportunities.
3. Community Engagement and Education: Using advocacy, education campaigns, and
community-based activities, increasing awareness and transforming cultural attitudes.
Including men and boys in the conversation is essential to changing gender stereotypes
and lowering GBV.
4. Strengthening laws and policies to protect survivors and hold offenders accountable are
examples of policy and legal reforms. It is essential to make sure these laws are applied
and implemented in an efficient manner.
5. Study and Data Collection: Studying the dynamics of GBV in Ethiopia and keeping an
eye on and assessing the success of interventions. For well-informed policy creation and
decision-making, this data is crucial.

Domestic violence (GBV) is a big concern in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, notably in areas like
Adama . Recent information highlights a number of concerning trends.

1) High Prevalence Rates: According to a research over 58% of women in Ethiopia's

conflict-affected areas, including Oromia, had experienced sexual, physical, or
psychological abuse. (Frontiers in Global Women's Health),
2) Enhanced Requirements for GBV Services: The population in need of GBV services
increased from 3.5 million in 2021 to 6.7 million in 2023 across affected regions,
including Oromia, as a result of the humanitarian crisis and ongoing conflicts (41).
3) Impact of Conflict: Estimates indicate that 40–50% of women and girls in Tigray,
Amhara, Afar, and Oromia have experienced GBV as a result of increasing conflict in
these regions (Wilson Center).
4) Cultural Acceptance: Wife-beating and other similar acts are widely accepted in many
societies, which contributes to the perpetuation of GBV. Girls in their adolescence are
especially vulnerable to harmful practices (Encompass World).
 5) Healthcare and Support Services: The lack of regionally consistent approaches to GBV
by healthcare professionals indicates the need for more comprehensive and integrated
support systems (Encompass World).

Adama:- Types of GBV: A study in Adama city identified various types of GBV, including
physical, sexual, and emotional violence against women (ResearchGate). Jan - Febr 2024.
Study size 54. The results of the study shows that the main types of gender-based violence
occurring in the study area were sexual violence (38.9%), psychological violence (14.8%),
physical violence (16.7%), economic violence (24.1%), and labor abuse (5.6%).

GBV Jan-Febr 2024

Adama

6%
Sexual Violence
Psychological Violence
24% Physical Violence
39% Economic Violence
Labor Abuse

17%

15%

The study also determined which settings nightclubs (38.9%), hotels and bars (29.6%), homes
(27.8%), and workplaces (3.7%) were the most common sites of gender-based violence.
Prevalence: According to a different report, communities in the city continue to have serious
concerns about GBV risks (ReliefWeb).
 45.00%

40.00%

35.00%

30.00%

25.00% Night Clubs

Hotels and Bar
20.00% Home
WorkPlaces
15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
GBV Areas

Public Heath Concern

Research conducted by Gonder University from January 2017 to January 2022 revealed that 81%
of women and 5% of males, respectively, had suffered sexual and physical abuse throughout
their lifetimes. Of the incidents, 170 (or 29.4%) involved an intimate relationship, such as a
boyfriend or husband. 86% of the group developed further genital injuries.

After genital examination, over 25% of the survivors showed signs of recent hymenal tears.
Within three days following the incident, about three-fourths (75.1%) of the survivors attend the
medical institution.

5. Project Goals
This project has two primary goals:
1) To empower survivors of domestic violence: in Adama by enhancing their livelihoods
and reducing incidents of violence.

5.1 Key Objectives

1) Increase awareness of domestic violence and available support services among
community members.
2) Enhance the capacity of local service providers to support survivors effectively.
3) Improve the economic empowerment of survivors through livelihood programs.
6. Project Components
1. Campaigns for Community Awareness: The project will start neighborhood-wide
educational programs that focus on domestic violence and its effects on society. The
project will involve local leader, schools, and youth groups in an effort to change cultural
beliefs and advance gender equality. We'll create and distribute educational resources to
make sure communities are aware of women's legal and human rights.
2. Survivor Support Services:
 Safe Spaces: In certain areas, the project will set up safe houses or shelters where
victims may leave violent situations. Comprehensive services including medical care,
trauma counseling, and legal support will be offered by these facilities.
 Legal Aid: In order to ensure that they have access to justice and legal protection,
survivors will get assistance navigating the judicial system.
 Healthcare and Psychological Support: With a focus on trauma-informed care,
specialized treatments will be provided to address the psychological and physical
scars of abuse.
3. Economic Empowerment Programs: The project will offer vocational training in areas
like agriculture, handicrafts, tailoring, and small company management in recognition of
the financial challenges that survivors face. Partnerships with microfinance institutions
will ensure that survivors may obtain loans or grants to start enterprises, allowing them to
achieve financial independence.
4. Building Capacity and Strengthening Institutions: To ensure a sustainable future, the
project will provide training to local law enforcement, health care providers, and
community leaders on how to handle domestic violence cases. Enhancing victim
protection, community-based preventive strategies, and the legal response will be the
main topics of workshops and training sessions.

7.Project Outputs
1. Campaigns for Education and Awareness:
 Held lectures and workshops in nearby towns to educate people on the causes and
consequences of domestic violence.
 Launched media campaigns and distributed educational materials to both urban
and rural communities in an effort to question cultural practices that support
violence.
2. Support Services for Survivors:
 Safe shelters have been established in major cities to offer survivors an
environment of safety.
 Provided legal aid services to help survivors get justice and navigate the court
system.
 Provided psychiatric counseling and support groups to help survivors heal from
trauma.
3. Livelihood Programs:
 Implemented vocational training programs, encompassing skills like agriculture,
entrepreneurship, and tailoring, based on the needs of the local market.
  Facilitated access to grants and micro financing to assist survivors in launching
their enterprises or improving their economic situations.
 Partnered with local businesses to promote job placement opportunities for
survivors, ensuring long-term economic stability.
4. Capacity Building:
 Ensuring the project's sustainability, we trained private sector and government
employees on best practices for supporting GBV survivors.
 Developed a system for monitoring and assessing the project's effectiveness in
reducing domestic violence and enhancing the lives of survivors.
The "Empowering Survivors" project has made significant strides in combating domestic
violence not only providing immediate support to survivors but also enhancing their livelihoods
through economic empowerment. By addressing both the root causes and the effects of domestic
violence, the project lays the foundation for a more equitable and just society where women can
live free from violence and pursue their aspirations. The project's sustainable approach ensures
that the benefits will continue to grow, making a lasting impact on individuals and communities
across Ethiopia.

7.1. Anticipated Impact

 Decreased prevalence of DV: Through community engagement and awareness-building,
the initiative hopes to significantly decrease the rate of domestic violence in the target
areas.
 Empowered survivors: Girls and women who have been victims of violence will take
back control of their life and have better access to both economic possibilities and basic
services.
 Increased economic resilience: By learning new skills and being able to sustain
themselves, survivors will be less vulnerable to violence in the future.
 Strengthened institutional capacity: Law enforcement, healthcare providers, and social
workers will be better equipped to prevent and respond to GBV cases, leading to a more
coordinated and effective national response.

8. Expected Outcomes
 Decrease in Domestic Violence incidence: Gender-based discrimination and domestic
violence will decline as a result of increased community involvement and knowledge.
 Increased support for survivors: Those who survive will benefit from improved access
to healthcare, psychological, and legal resources, which will facilitate a more thorough
recovery and reintegration.
 Economic independence: By developing employable skills and generating an ongoing
source of income, survivors reduce their reliance on abusers and improve their general
life quality living.
 More capable local institutions will produce better DV prevention and response
systems. This will lead to stronger local institutions.
9. Project activities

9.1. Community Awareness and Education

 Awareness Campaigns: Arrange public campaigns to promote gender equality and
raise awareness of the effects of domestic violence, such as community meetings, and
social media outreach.
 Workshops and Seminars: Conduct workshops to educate religious leaders, youth
groups, and community leaders on the significance of avoiding DV and providing
support to survivors.
 School Programs: Implemented educational programs in schools to teach students
the value of gender equality from an early age as well as on healthy relationships and
consent.
9.2. Support Services for Survivors
 Safe Shelters: establish and maintain safe areas in significant cities to offer
immediate protection to survivors of domestic violence and their children.
 Legal Aid Clinics: legal aid programs to provide survivors with free legal counsel
and representation while they seek restraining orders, divorce, child custody, and
other legal protections.
 Counseling Services: To help trauma survivors in overcoming their experiences,
offer psychological support through individual counseling sessions, group therapy,
and peer support groups.
 Medical Assistance: Collaborate with nearby healthcare facilities to provide medical
attention, encompassing injury treatment and access to reproductive health services.
9.3. Economic Empowerment Initiatives

 Provide vocational training programs that are suited to the local economy,
covering skills like small-scale manufacturing, handicrafts, tailoring,
entrepreneurship, and agriculture.
 Microfinance Programs: Work together with microfinance organizations to offer
survivors grants or small loans to start or expand their own businesses.
 Employment Services: establish partnerships with local companies and sectors to
place survivors in employment, giving them an ongoing source of income.
 Cooperative Formation: Support survivors in forming cooperatives or small
business groupings to collectively market their products and services, ensuring better
market access and pricing.
9.4. Capacity Building
 Training for Service Providers: Provide instruction to private sector, healthcare
workers, legal professionals, and law enforcement on how to handle domestic
violence cases and support survivors.
 Institutional Strengthening: Collaborate with government agencies and community
organizations to enhance their ability to address DV, including the creation of
standardized case handling procedures.
  Training in Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): Provide project staff and partners
with M&E training to make that all activities are monitored and evaluated for their
impact on reducing DV and improving livelihoods.
9.5. MEL stands for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning.
 Initial surveys should be conducted to establish baseline data on the prevalence of
domestic violence and the economic conditions facing survivors in the target areas.
 Ongoing Monitoring: Regular field visits, interviews, and data collection should be
used to track the project's progress and make sure its goals are being met.
 Impact Evaluation: Mid-term and final evaluations should be conducted to
determine the project's impact on reducing domestic violence, improving livelihoods,
and improving survivors' overall well-being.
 Knowledge Sharing: To influence future DV interventions, document and
disseminate lessons learned best practices, and success stories to stakeholders and the
larger community.

Having a focus on both the immediate needs and long-term empowerment of survivors,
these initiatives aim to combat domestic violence in Adama from a comprehensive
perspective.

10. Project Location

10.1. Project AREA
Adama is high incidence of domestic violence

Adama is one of the East Shewa Zone , in Oromia Regiona , Ethiopia. It is located about
99 kms away from Addis Ababa in oromia national regional state.

Now the total population 456,868 which 223,560 male and 233,308 female.( Ethiopian Statistics
Service (web) )
 Adama
Total
Popula-
Female tion
26% 50%

Male
24%

Total Population Male Female

11. Target Beneficiaries

The project will primarily target:
1) Survivors of domestic violence, as well as girls and women.
2) Vulnerable populations in semi-urban and rural areas with little resources for survival.
3) Law enforcement, health care professionals, social workers, and other local service
providers will all receive training to increase their ability to handle DV situations.
4) Communities at large, with a focus on involving men and women in efforts to prevent
DV and create a safer and more equitable environment.

12. Project Timeline

The project will be implemented over a period of 18 months, divided into three phases:

12.1. Phase 1: Planning and Preparation (Months 1-3)

 Finalize project plans and get funds.
 Recruit and develop project personnel.
 Create training programs and educational materials.

12.2. Phase 2: Implementation (Months 4-15)

 Start campaigns to raise awareness.
 Establish and operate support programs.
 Implement preventative measures and training programs.

12.3. Phase 3: Monitoring and Evaluation (Months 16-18)

 Monitor project progress and collect data.
  Prepare the final reports and evaluate the project's impact.
 Share your findings and recommendations.

13. Project Stakeholders

The principal beneficiaries and stakeholders in the project were the stakeholders. The targeted
city's rural women and men from adama town the main beneficiaries.

13.1. Survivors of Domestic Violence

Role: Primary beneficiaries of the project.

Engagement: It is essential that they provide input and actively participate in creating programs
that address their needs. One of the main priorities should be to empower them through
livelihood programs.

13.2. Local Communities

Role: Community Members, particularly local leaders, are essential in avoiding domestic
violence and altering cultural perceptions about gender-based violence.

Engagement: Creating safe spaces for survivors through collaborations, community discussions,
and awareness campaigns.

13.3. Government Agencies

Key Bodies:

 Women, Children, and Youth Affairs.

 Adama Health Bureau
 Adama Labor and Social Affairs
 Local law enforcement and judiciary systems

Role: Social protection for survivors, healthcare, law enforcement, policy formulation, and legal
frameworks.

Engagement: Work together to provide health services and legal aid, enforce laws against
gender-based violence (GBV), and enhance access to justice.

13.4. Private Sector

Role: Local companies and enterprises can assist in giving survivors job chances and vocational
training so they can start over.

Engagement: Partner with businesses to position job seekers, provide mentorship, and provide
microfinance to enable survivors start new businesses.
13.5. Healthcare Providers
Role: Support survivors of domestic violence with their physical and mental well-being.

Engagement: Training healthcare workers to identify and support survivors, giving trauma-
informed care, and helping survivors access reproductive health services.

13.6. Media and Communication Partners

Role: Raising awareness about domestic violence, changing public perceptions, and advocating
the rights of survivors.

Engagement: Changing society norms and policies through campaigns, documentaries, and
reporting on change stories.

13.7. Religious and Traditional Leaders

Role: Influencers within communities who can play a significant role in changing attitudes
towards gender-based violence.

Engagement: Partnering with them to advocate for respectful gender relations and support
victims of domestic violence.

13.8. Educational Institutions

Role: Universities and schools have a role to play in educating young people about gender
equality and the negative effects of domestic violence.

Engagement: Put gender-sensitive curricula into place, support student involvement in

advocacy, and implement educational programs.

13.9. Police and Law Enforcement

Role: Provide protection to survivors and ensure that perpetrators of domestic violence are held
accountable.

Engagement: Strengthening police training on DV cases, ensuring fast responses to domestic

violence incidents, and supporting survivor safety plans.

14. Project Inputs

To ensure the successful implementation and sustainability of the project, a variety of inputs are
required. These inputs can be categorized into human resources, material resources, financial
resources, and partnerships.

14.1. Human Resources Project Manager: Oversee the entire project,

coordinate activities, manage budgets, and ensure timelines are met.
 Community Educators: Conduct workshops, seminars, and school programs.
  Counselors and Psychologists: Offer psychological support and counseling services.
 Medical Personnel: Provide healthcare, including sexual and reproductive health
services.
 Vocational Trainers: Conduct skills training and vocational programs.
 Marketing and Communication Specialists: Develop and implement media campaigns.
 Monitoring and Evaluation Officers: Track project progress, conduct surveys, and
analyze data.

14.2. Material Resources

 Educational Materials: Pamphlets, brochures, posters, and digital content for awareness
campaigns.
 Training Equipment: Tools and materials necessary for vocational training programs.
 Shelter Supplies: Beds, bedding, kitchen supplies, hygiene products, and other essentials
for safe houses and shelters.
 Medical Supplies: First aid kits, medications, and equipment for healthcare services.
 Office Supplies: Computers, printers, office furniture, and other administrative supplies.

14.3. Financial Resources

 Program Costs: costs for workshops, legal services, counseling sessions, and medical
services.
 Operational Costs : staff salaries, utilities, and rent for office spaces and shelters.
 Training Costs: the expense of conducting programs for vocational training, including
material and fees for the trainer.
 Media Campaign : The budget for the creation and distribution of instructional materials
across different media channels is known as the "media campaign costs."
 Monitoring and Evaluation Cost: Costs related to monitoring and evaluation: Money
needed for surveys, data analysis, and reporting.

14.4. Partnerships and Collaborations

 Local NGOs and Community Organizations: Collaborate with local organizations to
leverage their expertise and networks.
 Government Agencies: Work with government bodies to access support services.
 Healthcare Providers: Partner with hospitals and clinics to provide medical services to
survivors.
 Educational Institutions: Collaborate with schools and universities for awareness and
education programs.
 Businesses and Corporations: Engage businesses to create job opportunities and support
vocational training programs.

14.5. Additional Inputs

 Technology: Utilize software for project management, data collection, and
communication.
 Transportation: Vehicles for reaching remote areas and transporting survivors to
shelters or healthcare facilities.
  Legal Frameworks: Ensure alignment with local and international laws regarding
domestic violence and human rights.

15. Project Organization and Management

Every project must be managed and organized well to be implemented successfully. This section
outlines the organizational framework, duties, and responsibilities that are important for ensuring
a smooth execution of the initiative aimed at combating domestic violence in Addis Ababa and
Adama.

15.1. Organizational Structure

A Project Management Team (PMT) will oversee the project, with assistance from several sub-
teams that are dedicated to particular project components. The arrangement is as follows:

15.1.1. Project Management Team (PMT)

 Project Coordinator
 Program Manager
 Finance Officer
 Case Worker
 Monitoring and Evaluation Officer
15.1.2. Roles and Responsibilities
Project Management Team (PMT)
Project Coordinator
 Overall responsibility for the project.
 Oversees the planning, implementation, and evaluation of projects.
 Communicates with partners, funders, and stakeholders.
 Ensures compliance to the goals and objectives of the project.
Program Manager
 Manages the daily activities of the project.
 Coordinates the timely completion of projects and serves as the contact amongst sub-
teams.
 Assists the project coordinator make decisions and plan.
Finance Officer
 Manages the project budget and financial reporting.
 Ensures efficient allocation and utilization of resources.
 Prepares financial statements and manages funding disbursements.
Monitoring and Evaluation Officer
 Development and implementation frameworks for evaluation and monitoring.
  Monitors the progress of projects and evaluates impact.
 Prepares evaluations reports and recommends improvements.
Case Worker
 Plans and executes awareness campaigns.
 Organizes and conducts training , workshops , seminar sessions.
 Collaborates with healthcare providers and local government agencies.
 Provides victims support and counseling services.
 Develops materials and methods for activities.
 Manages outreach to the public and media relations.
15.1.3. Project Timeline
The project will be implemented over a period of 18 months, divided into three phases:
Phase 1: Planning and Preparation (Months 1-3)
 Finalize project plans and get funds.
 Recruit and develop project personnel.
 Create training programs and educational materials.
Phase 2: Implementation (Months 4-15)
 Start campaigns to raise awareness.
 Establish and operate support programs.
 Implement preventative measures and training programs.
Phase 3: Monitoring and Evaluation (Months 16-18)
 Monitor project progress and collect data.
 Prepare the final reports and evaluate the project's impact.
 Share your findings and recommendations.
15.1.4. Risk Management
Risk identification and mitigation are critical to the success of any project. Important dangers
and ways to reduce them include:
Risk: Inadequate Capital
Mitigation: Obtain several funding sources and keep your financial management open and
honest.
Risk: Community Resistance
Mitigation: Include stakeholders and community leaders in the formulation and execution of the
strategy.
Risk: Staff turnover
Mitigation: Provide possibilities for professional growth, competitive salaries, and benefits.
Risk: Low Participation Rates
 Mitigation: Implement targeted outreach strategies and incentivize participation.
15.1.5. Reporting and Communication
Regular reporting and communication ensure transparency and accountability. The reporting
structure includes:
Monthly Progress Reports
 Prepared by Case Worker
Quarterly Reports
 Comprehensive reports submitted to stakeholders and funders.
Final Project Report
 Detailed evaluation of project outcomes, impact, and recommendations.

16. Budget
A detailed budget will be developed, outlining costs associated with staffing, training materials,
safe space establishment, outreach programs, and monitoring and evaluation activities. Funding
sources will include grants, partnerships with NGOs, and corporate sponsorships.
Summary of Indicative Budget

Name of the organization: Youth Idea for Social Development Organization

Project title: Empowering Survivors: Combating Domestic Violence and Enhancing
Livelihoods in Six Woreda of Adama Town

Project implementation period in month: 18 Month

Total Budget: 40,000 $

Operational (≥70%)

Administrative (≤30%)

ITEM Unit Qt Freq. Unit Total What will this cover?

y Cost Amoun Please provide as much
($) t ($) details as possible under
each of the items by
adding more rows.

1. Human Resources

Project Coordinator Person 1 18 150 $ 2,700 $

months

Program Manager Person 1 18 100 $ 1,800$

months

Finance Officer Person 1 18 80 $ 1,440 $

months

Case Worker Person 1 18 62 $ 1,116 $

months

Monitoring and Person 1 18 62 $ 1,116 $

Evaluation Officer months

2. Travel

Staff per-diem and person 5 1000 3$ 3,000 $

travel cost

3.Equipment and
supplies

Computer pcs 1 850 $ 1 850 $

Printer pcs 1 700 $ 1 700 $

Laptop pcs 4 750 $ 4 3000 $

Shelf and Office pcs 1 2000 $ 1 2000 $
Material

4. Local office 1 300 $ 18 5,400 $

5. Other costs,
services (workshops,
trainings, seminars,
studies, expenditure
verifications, etc

5.1 Training and

Capacity Building

5.1.1 Training on Ppt 40 2 day 16 $ 1,280 $ For two days *16 $

HRBA (refreshment, Lunch and
transport)

5.1.2 Training on Ppt 40 2 day 16 $ 1,280 $ For two days * 16 $

gender and women (refreshment, Lunch and
right and disability transport)
inclusion

5.1.3 Lobby and Ppt 40 2 day 16 $ 1,280 $ For two days * 16 $

advocacy skill, (refreshment, Lunch and
communication and transport)
leadership skill

5.1.4 YISD Member Ppt 10 1 day 3$ 3,000 $ Transport cost

and refresher training 00 and local level
coffee ceremony

5.1. 5 Institutional lump 500 $ support

capacity building sum YISD and
support develop/review
(Develop/review
their manuals
disability inclusive
safeguarding policy,
gender policy, PSEA
policy )

5.1.6 Workshop and ppt 40 1 day 16 $ 640 $ For one day *16 $
experience sharing on (refreshment, Lunch and
stakeholder mapping transport
and networking
5.1.8 Production of Month 1 18 90 $ 1,620 $ Costs of air time
Social Media program ly months from local radio
at local levels stations 1 times
monthly

5.1.9 Organize Month 30 18 2$ 1,080 $ cost calculated

community ly months @2 $ per
conversation sessions ppts total of 30
on gender equality in
ppts 18 times
target woreda monthly

5.1.10 Organize Ppt 30 1 day 16 $ 480 $ For one day *16 $

sensitization workshop (refreshment, Lunch and
on DV response with transport
stakeholders

5.1.11 Organize Ppt 30 4 day 10 $ 300 $ Cost for transport *5 $

quarterly interface per ppts and per
meeting among diem *5 $
stakeholders

5.1.12 Conduct DV Event 2 2 day 100 $ 200 $ costs calculated @100 $

campaigns during 16 two times during the
days of activism and project period (publication,
March 8 celebration
transport and per diem)
two events during
project period

5.1.13 Preparation and lump 450 $ for promotional materials,

distribution of IEC sum banners, brochure, leaflet
material et

5.1.14 Skill Ppt 40 2 day 16 $ 1,280 $ For two days *16 $

Development (refreshment, Lunch and
Workshops transport)
(Workshops to
empower survivors
with employable skills)
 5.2 Shelter and Basic
Needs

5.2.1 Emergency lump 500 $ For Emergency shelter

Shelter (Costs sum (safe shelter for survivors )
associated with
providing safe shelter
for survivors)

5.2.2 Food and lump 500 $ For basic need for

Clothing (Basic needs sum survivors (Food and
coverage during shelter Clothing)
stay)

6. Medical and
Psychological Support

Medical Examinations lump 300 $ For medical examination

and Treatments sum and treatment
( Ensuring survivors
receive necessary
medical attention )

Psychological lump 200 $ Psychological counselling

Counseling (Providing sum (support to survivors)
therapeutic support to
survivors cope)

7. Outreach and
Awareness

Awareness Campaign lump 200 $ For community awareness

(Costs for community sum campaign
awareness campaigns)

8. Monitoring and Lumps 500 $ Cost for staff per-diem,

Evaluation um transport, lunch

TOTAL PROJECT 40,000

COSTS $

17. Monitoring and Evaluation

We will use a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation methodology to gauge the initiative's
progress, which includes:
  Pre- and post-project surveys to assess change in community awareness and attitudes.
 Keeping track of how many survivors use support services and finish their vocational
training.
 A frequent feedback session with the community to make sure the project is meeting
participants' needs.
The Monitoring and Evaluation section for the project "Empowering Survivors: Combating
Domestic Violence and Enhancing Livelihoods " is a critical component that ensures the
project’s goals are being met and provides accountability to stakeholders. Below are key
elements of the M&E framework:

17.1. Baseline Surveys

 Purpose: Determine a basic understanding of the incidence of domestic violence,
the financial circumstances of survivors, and the accessibility of support services
in the targeted areas.
 Methods : Surveys, interviews, and focus groups involving service providers,
community leaders, and survivors should be conducted.
 Timing : Conducted at the beginning of the project to gather information that will
be utilized for predicting future development.

17.2. Ongoing Monitoring

 Data Collection: Regular collection of data, both quantitative and qualitative,
from local service-providing organizations such as shelters and programs for
vocational training.
 Progress Tracking: Field staff, project partners, and local service providers must
submit reports on a monthly and quarterly basis to make sure that the project's
operations (such as training, legal aid, and shelter services) are going according to
planned.
Key Indicators:
 Reduction in the incidence of DV in targeted areas.
 Number of survivors accessing healthcare, legal aid, and counseling services.
 Percentage of survivors completing vocational training and securing employment or
starting businesses.
 Improvement in institutional responses to DV (e.g., law enforcement, healthcare).

17.3. Mid-Term Evaluation

 Objective: Halfway through the project, evaluate the progress made and decide
whether any changes are necessary to achieve the project's objectives.
 Evaluation Methods: Key stakeholders, such as project staff, support providers, and
survivors, were interviewed, Examination of information gathered via observational
efforts.
 Outcome: Suggestions for changing the project's direction or expanding its successful
components.
17.4. Final Impact Evaluation
 Purpose: Analyze the project's overall effects on reducing domestic violence,
improving the livelihoods of survivors, and enhancing institutional capacity.
 Methods : Employ a combination of endline surveys, interviews, focus groups,
and case studies to evaluate the treatments' long-term impacts.
Key Metrics:
 Reduction in DV prevalence compared to baseline data.
 Percentage of survivors who have achieved economic independence.
 Strengthening of local institutions in terms of their capacity to address DV.
 Sustainability of the vocational programs and support services established.

17.5.Learning and Adaptation

 Knowledge Sharing: Record the best practices, lessons learned, and difficulties
encountered during the project's implementation.
 Dissemination: Disseminate findings to relevant parties, such as foreign partners,
government agencies, and local communities.
 Adaptation: Make improvements to future project designs and the strategy for
addressing DV and improving livelihoods by utilizing the insights gathered from
monitoring and evaluation efforts.
Reporting
1. Monthly Reports: Brief reports summarizing ongoing activities, challenges, and
successes.
2. Quarterly Reports: More detailed reports including data on key indicators and
stakeholder feedback.
3. Final Report: A comprehensive document detailing the project's overall performance,
achievements, and impact, along with recommendations for future interventions.

18. Project Phase-Out Strategy and Sustainability

The Project Phase-Out Strategy and Sustainability Plan for the "Empowering Survivors:
Combating Domestic Violence and Enhancing Livelihoods " ensures that the project's impact is
sustained even after its formal conclusion. This section outlines the key approaches to
transitioning responsibilities and ensuring long-term continuity.

18.1.Phase-Out Strategy
The phase-out process will be integrated into the final stages of the project to ensure a smooth
transition, with the following key activities:
A) Stakeholder Engagement:
Objective: Assign project responsibilities to regional partners, such as governing bodies, local
governments, and beneficiaries.
Actions
 Organize local stakeholders together for meetings and workshops to talk about project
handover.
 Encourage stakeholders to be participating in the planning and implementation of the
phase-out process.
B) Capacity Building:
 Objective: Equip local institutions, such as law enforcement, healthcare providers, and
social workers, with the skills and knowledge to continue project activities
independently.
Actions:
 Provide intensive training to local service providers.
 Develop training manuals, guides, and protocols that can be used after the project ends.
 Ensure knowledge transfer through mentorship programs, so local leaders can handle
future DV cases effectively.
C) Resource Handover:
Objective: Ensure that local stakeholders have the necessary tools and resources to carry on with
services.
Actions:
 Transfer resources to regional associations or governmental offices, such as equipment,
educational materials, and shelter infrastructure.
 Establish partnerships with companies and microfinance organizations to keep assisting
survivors in achieving economic self-determination.
Ongoing Monitoring and Support:
 Objective: Provide technical support and ensure the continuation of services.
Actions:
 Establish a plan for local partners to conduct periodic monitoring of project activities and
their impact.
 Create a support network where local organizations can continue receiving guidance from
the project team.
Exit Timeline:
 Phase-Out Period: The phase-out process will take place over the last 6 months of the
project, focusing on stakeholder transition and capacity building.
 Follow-Up Plan: After the formal project conclusion, there will be periodic reviews to
assess the ongoing impact and address any emerging challenges.
18.2. Sustainability Plan
In order to guarantee the enduring success of the project, the sustainability plan prioritizes the
development of local ownership, the enhancing of institutional capacity, and the promotion of a
supportive environment for survivors.
A) Institutional Sustainability:
 Strengthening Local Institutions: The project will make sure that DV cases are
managed and survivors are given services by local government agencies, law
enforcement, healthcare providers, and non-governmental organizations.
Actions:
 To ensure that these institutions have the best practices, legal frameworks, and resources
necessary to carry out their responsibilities, training programs will be offered.
 Formal Partnerships: Establish long-term agreements between local institutions and
external partners (such as NGOs and donors) to ensure continuing support and
collaboration.
B) Financial Sustainability:
 Local Funding and Resource Mobilization: Encourage local government to integrate
DV programs into their annual budgets.
Actions: Train local institutions in grant writing and resource mobilization to access funds
from donors, businesses, and the government for ongoing project activities.
 Microfinance and Economic Empowerment: Strengthen partnerships with
microfinance institutions to continue providing loans and grants to survivors.
Actions: Survivors will be linked to ongoing financial services, ensuring they can maintain
economic independence.
C) Community-Based Sustainability:
 Encourage local ownership by involving community leaders and members throughout the
process.
Actions: Create coalitions or community-based organizations that will carry on the fight against
GBV and gender inequality long after the initiative is finished.
 Continuous Awareness and Advocacy: Communities will be furnished with the
necessary resources and expertise to sustain awareness initiatives.
Actions: Teach local activists and peer educators to carry out awareness-raising campaigns by
challenging harmful norms with culturally appropriate messages.
D) Policy and Legal Reforms:
  Policy Integration: Work with local and national governments to integrate DV
interventions into broader policy frameworks.
Actions: Advocate for the development and enforcement of stronger laws that protect
survivors and address DV.
 Legal Capacity Building: Strengthen the ability of law enforcement and judicial systems
to provide justice for survivors.
Actions: Train legal professionals and policymakers to enhance the prosecution of DV
cases.
E) Monitoring and Learning:
Ongoing Learning: Establish mechanisms to record successes and lessons learned.
Actions : Regular community feedback and monitoring will enable ongoing activity
modification in response to changing needs.
Community Monitoring Systems: To monitor and assess DV trends and advancements, local
communities will create their own monitoring and assessment systems.
Actions: Train community members in collection and evaluation techniques.

19. Logical Framework

Hierarchy of Objectives Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions/

Risks

Goal - Reduction in reported - Police reports - Continued

cases of domestic - Community surveys community support
violence in target areas for initiatives.
by 30% by the end of 18 - Stable political
months. environment.

- Increased number of - Service provider

survivors accessing records
services (target: 500
survivors).

Outcomes - At least 70% of - Pre- and post- - Community

community members can intervention surveys engagement
identify forms of remains high.
domestic violence and - Effective
know where to seek help. communication
strategies are
 implemented.

- 80% of trained service - Training attendance

providers demonstrate records
improved knowledge and - Pre- and post-training
skills in handling assessments
domestic violence cases.

- At least 200 survivors - Program participation - Survivors are

participate in livelihood records willing to
training programs, with - Follow-up surveys participate in
60% starting income- training.
generating activities. - Economic
conditions allow for
new business
ventures.

Outputs - Conduct 10 community - Campaign reports - Community

awareness campaigns on - Attendance records members are
domestic violence. receptive to
awareness
campaigns.
- Sufficient funding
for campaigns is
secured.

- Train 50 local service - Training materials

providers on survivor- - Feedback forms from
centered care and participants
response strategies.

- Develop and implement - Program development

5 livelihood programs documents
tailored to survivors’ - Participant success
needs (e.g., vocational stories
training, microfinance).

Activities 1. Organize community - Workshop agendas

workshops and seminars - Training materials
on domestic violence - Partnership
awareness. agreements
2. Develop training - Monitoring reports
modules for service
providers.
3. Identify and
implement livelihood
opportunities for
survivors.
4. Establish partnerships
with local businesses for
job placements.
5. Monitor and evaluate
project progress
regularly.