Uzgsj Vol9 2021

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UZ Graduate
School Journal
ISSN 224-061X VOL IX 2021
UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA
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ISSN 224-061X
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T
he fostering of research and development in an institution
conveys opportunities for possible grants and gain recognitions
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dissemination, and publication of various researches conducted
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contents
Articles
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC 1
IMPACT ON ESTABLISHING A FLOWER SHOP IN
ZAMBOANGA CITY
Lida Rose T. Baylon
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON HOG RAISING IN TALON- 7

TALON, ZAMBOANGA CITY
Marites V. Brañanola
PREDILECTION ON ONLINE GROCERY STORE IN 17

ZAMBOANGA CITY
Ramelyn O. Natividad
FLIPPED CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AS A TEACHING 27

TOOL FOR MEANINGFUL LEARNING OF THE CORE
SUBJECTS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: BASIS FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Renz Jervy A. Book
ALIGNMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STRANDS TO 41

COLLEGE PROGRAM ENROLLED AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA
FRESHMAN STUDENTS: BASIS FOR GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING PROGRAM
Salip Radah Y. Mijan
YOUTUBE TUTORIAL VIDEOS AMONG UNIVERSIDAD 53

DE ZAMBOANGA TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS: BASIS FOR ENHANCED INSTRUCTIONAL
LEARNING PLAN
Mark-Richter B. Iribani
Baylon, Lida Rose T. A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SOCIO-
ECONOMIC IMPACT ON ESTABLISHING A FLOWER SHOP
IN ZAMBOANGA CITY. A Feasibility Study for MBA (1999).
Universidad de Zamboanga. Adviser: Engr. Rosmindor
Tarranza
[email protected]
School of Business and Management
Abstract
The business research was conducted to determine the feasibility of

establishing a flower shop business in Zamboanga City. Organizational and
Management, Marketing, Technical, Financial and the Socio-Economic impact
of the project were the aspects considered. The major findings revealed that
for Organizational and Management: the proposed project is a sole
proprietorship type of business. It has a functional type of organizational
structure with a clear personnel requirement, position description and,
employment benefits. Its working policies are also clearly stipulated to ensure
the smooth operation of the project. The project focus on selling cut flowers to
its primary target: residential, offices, schools and, commercial establishments
of Zamboanga City particularly those within the 15-kilometer radius. It also
offers flower arrangements for weddings, funerals and, other occasions and,
delivery services. Although the demand-supply gap could not be established
quantitatively, the observations, interviews and, record correlation, made a
clear and substantial indication that there is a greater demand in the market.
The project has the lowest prices in the market and with yearly promotion to
attract more customers and is located strategically in Nunez Extension,
Zamboanga City and, has a well-designed office as shown in the floor plan. The
project will have six (6) months in pre-operating activities before its normal
operation. The project has an ROI of 138.69 % with only 1.04 years to recover its
initial investment. The project, therefore, is good for investment. Based on the
findings and conclusion drawn, the project is recommended for
implementation. However, before the project starts, A review and update are
suggested to anticipate changes of figures in the presentation. Likewise, the
project must avoid falling into case 3 scenario, which is considered, to very
sensitive during operation so, to avoid this situation, close monitoring on the
decrease of sales and increase of operational expense is enjoined.
Keywords: Flower shop, socio-economic impact, demand-supply gap, return-

of-investment (ROI)
1
UZ Graduate School Journal
Vol. IX Print ISSN: 224-061X
Introduction
F lowers play a big part in people’s lives nowadays. The flowers’ shape,
fragrance, beauty, and dazzling color allow people to convey their
messages well. It is also an expression of emotion in some situations.
However, flowers may lose its essence if it is not properly arranged when
given to others.
The Flower arrangement can express more convincingly the

thoughts and feelings of admiration, congratulation, sympathy, or apology
to others. It can also be used to beautify homes and offices depending on the
culture, customs, and traditions. Thus, the flower arrangement is of
importance and is given consideration. Very consistently, as part of Filipino
culture, it is observed that occasions are seldom celebrated without flowers.
This is evident on occasions like weddings, birthdays, funerals, Valentine’s
Day, all soul’s and all Saint’s day, etc.
This is the reason why the flower shop business is doing well in the
market, not only here in Zamboanga City but also with other major cities of
the country. Considering the growing demand for this kind of business in the
market and the love of the proponent for flowers plus an innate artistic
ability in creating a wonderful flower arrangement, this project feasibility
study was conceived. Likewise, it is hope and prayed by the proponent, that
after careful evaluation and analysis of this study, a favorable decision can be
rendered to realize a dream to have its own business.
Objectives
The business research was conducted to determine the feasibility

of establishing a flower shop business in Zamboanga City.
1. This study seeks to determine the viability of establishing a flower

shop in Zamboanga City;
2. Seeks assurance to the quality of the product; and
3. Seeks answers to the questions on the following important parts of
the study especially the Market Aspect, Technical aspect,
Organization, and Management.
2
Methodology
Data Gathering Tools
Several tools were employed in gathering the needed information

in the research namely: interview on key informants, visits and observes
other shops and the sources of the supply.
Preparation of the questionnaire. The researcher considered some

reading materials, such as books, magazines, journals, and used accepted
quantitative analysis in the evaluation of results.
Validation of the questionnaire. To facilitate the first draft of the

questionnaire was validated by the Graduate Dean, the purpose of which is
to determine the clarity and understanding of the questionnaire and find out
which items need to be modified, deleted, or changed. Items that were
unclear were revised. The questionnaire was then reproduced for the final
distribution.
Administration of the questionnaire. The researcher personally

distributed the questionnaires to the target respondents and retrieved them
after one day. The only verbal permit was secured from the head of the
school. The data were then tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted.
A personal interview was conducted by the researcher to cross-

examine the responses in the questionnaire. Based on the interviews
conducted by the researcher on the commercial establishment in
Zamboanga City, particularly hotels, they need cut flowers to cater to their
customers who are booked for weddings, birthdays, and other groups or
individual parties, and accordingly, there is a tremendous increase every year.
It is also noticed that in residential, offices and schools in the city, people are
fond of buying cut flowers when there is a celebration.
Records from the National Statistics Office show that there is an

increase in population in Zamboanga City every year. Correlating this with the
above interviews and observations conducted by the researcher, we could
safely assume that there is an increasing demand for this product.
Results and Discussion
The SWOT Analysis
Strengths. The business assures the quality of the product not just
because the flowers to be used are fresh from the farm, but also skillfully and
uniquely arranged according to the taste (personalized) of the customers,
plus on-time delivery for customer satisfaction, also the project will primarily
3
offer complete product lines the same as that of other competitors and
introduce possible other varieties when necessary.
Weaknesses. As to placement, competitors are practically located

within the city. Since the business still new to the public, it needs to adopt an
aggressive advertisement upon entry to be known in the market.
Opportunities. The project has offered quantifiable and non-

quantifiable contributions to the Community particularly, in Zamboanga City.
The quantifiable contributions are the generation of income tax,
employment, and sales to other businessmen. For intangible, the project fills
up the demand and satisfaction of the customers in terms of floral
arrangements at the lowest price.
a. Financial Feasibility
Based on the results, under normal conditions (Case 0), the

project has an ROI of 138.69 %, with only 1.04 years to recover its initial
investment. It has a positive NPV of P1,996,228. When this project is
subjected to some sensitive cases: In Case – 1 (Decreasing the income by
10%), the project is not that sensitive having a payback period of 2.31
years. ROI is 67.26% and with a positive Net present value of P191,333. In
case-2 (Increasing the operating expenses by 10 %), the project is not
also that sensitive having an ROI of 80.71%, the payback period is 1.99
years, and with a positive NPV of P406,274. However, it is quite sensitive
in Case-3 (Combination of Case 1 and Case 2), the project has only an ROI
of 2.81% payback period beyond five years. This is also confirmed upon
computing NPV having a negative value of (-) P1, 589,562.
Table 1
Cases and their Payback Period
Case Payback Period ROI Net Present Value

0 1.04 years 138.69% (+) P1,986,228
1 2.31 years 67.26% (+) P 191,333
2 1.99 years 80.71% (+) P 406,274
3 Just above 5 years 2.81% (+) P1,589,562
The Demand and Supply of Flowers
b. Market Feasibility
The demand for flowers is growing tremendously as more

people are becoming aware of the beauty of the flowers as decorative
items on occasions like weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, funerals
4
including valentine’s day and all saints and all soul’s day and the like.
There is a tremendous increase in demand every year.
c. On Facilities and Equipment
There are enough Office Equipment, Office Furniture &

Fixtures, and Tools available in the flower shop. For equipment, the
following are: Computer set, Telephone, Air Conditioner, Calculator,
Wall Clock, Stand Fan, Steel Cabinet, Fire Fighting, Multi Cab for Office
Furniture & Fixtures are as follows: Sala Set, Plastics Chairs, Computer
Chair, Office Table, Working Table, and Computer Table. And for tools,
the following are as follows: Floral Shear, Floral Shear (long thin blade),
Pruning Shear, Pruning Shear (heavy duty), Hammer, Stem Stripper,
Paring Knife, Glue Gun, Pail, Spray Gun, Pinking Scissor, Ordinary Scissor,
Floral stand
d. On Instructors
There are four (4) capable and qualified people who are skilled
and already experienced flower shop workers.
e. On Market/Industries:
The majority of the respondents are flower lovers and they buy
flowers on almost every occasion.
The Socio-Economic benefits in establishing a flower shop in Zamboanga

City
Based on the interviews conducted by the proponent on
commercial establishment including residential, offices, and schools in
Zamboanga City, people are fond of buying flowers when there is a
celebration.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The study revealed that establishing a flower shop in Zamboanga

City is worth investing in and is recommended for implementation. However,
before the project starts, it must be reviewed and updated to anticipate
changes. Close monitoring of the decrease of sales and increase in
operational expenses are enjoined.
5
References
Absolo, P.A. (1991) Personnel Management, GIC Enterprises & Co., Inc, 209 C.M.Recto
Avenue, Manila.
Cabrera E.B. (1989). Management Advisory Services. GIC Enterprises and Co.Inc. C.M.
Recto Avenue, Manila.
Commission on Elections, No. of Registered Voters 1998
DAP. (1978). How to Develop Feasibility Studies. Sinag Tala Publishers. Inc.1502 Manila,
Philippines
Department of Tourism Handbooks,1998 edition
Estolano, M.P, Latonio, A.S, and Monta, F.D.(1999) Introduction to Statistics,

Grandwater Publications,3rd Flr Hedelina Building, 705 J.P. Rizal St. Makati
City.
Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary, (1980) Copyright@1980 by Lippincott & Crowell,
Publishers.
Muro V. (1989). Preparing Project Feasibility Studies in the Philippines Business

Enterprise. Business Technology Corporation. Manila, Philippines.
Quilang, T.M., (1973), Handicrafts Handbook, National Book Store Publishers, Metro
Manila, Philippines.
Needless B.E. Anderson H.R., Caldwell J.C. (1990). Principles of Accounting. Houghton
Mifflin Company, Boston, USA.
Saldana C. G (1985). Financial Management in the Philippines Setting. AFA Publications,

Inc. La Vista, Quezon City.
The New Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language (1996)

Lexicon.Publications, Inc., Danbury, CT. Volume 1 and Volume 2
Valix, C.T., Peralta, J. (1991) Financial Accounting, AFA Publications, Inc. La Vista,
Quezon City.
Vance, E.P.and Banchoff, T.F., (1973) Modern Algebra and Trigonometry, Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Villegas M.B. (1993) Managerial Economics. Sinag Tala Publishers. Inc. P.O. Box 356
Manila, Philippines.
6
Brañanola Marites V. A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON HOG
RAISING IN TALON-TALON, ZAMBOANGA CITY. A
Feasibility Study for MBA (2013). Universidad de
Zamboanga. Adviser: Dr. Andrea Titular
[email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to establish a hog raising and fattening business in
the backyard as a means to uplift the proponent’s economic living; produce
quality hogs to the target market as an answer to the increasing demand for
hogs in Zamboanga City; offer an alternative means of hog supply to small scale
business establishments thereby eliminating their need to buy hogs from places
outside Zamboanga City; sell hogs to retailers at a competitive selling price. The
proposed business study will be located at Barangay Talon-Talon, Zamboanga
City. This is a small-sized backyard hog raising business that shall take the trade
name Adapting Innovative approach to more efficient and eco-friendlier Hog
Raising. Hogs are domestic animals raised by most people here in the Philippines
and abroad. In direct selling strategy, Hog Raising will negotiate directly to the
retailers its own live hogs. Markets that fit the direct negotiation category
include sales to delivery stations. If the “Three Kings Hog Raisers” materializes
soon, this company will produce a quality of hogs that will satisfy the needs of
the customers as well as will meet the demand in the market. This hog farm will
create an environmentally friendly identity by undertaking the proper and
efficient way of waste disposals to avoid harming and distorting others. It was
concluded that Hog Raising is an agri-business that even not farmers are willing
to venture this kind of business. This type of business is producing alive stocks
that can produce again and again as long as the hogs are still in condition. It was
recommended to raise the large white type of hogs because of their superior
mothering ability, farrow, and wean large litters and are excellent milkers.
Keywords: Hog raising, quality hogs, innovative approach, agri-business
7
Introduction
T he proposed a small-sized backyard hog raising business shall take the

trade name Adapting Innovative approach to more efficient and eco-
friendlier Hog Raising. The proposed business will be located at
Barangay Talon-Talon which is a suitable place for Hog Raising Business. The
proposed study will be a profitable venture because it has been proven to
give Filipino a good source of income and good profit. The hog industry has
continuously prospered as it faces constant development for more efficient
and effective technologies from managing the growth of hog tailored the
different scales of production. (www.small start-up guide to profitable hog
raising business).
The proposed will be owned and managed by a sole proprietor. This

type of Business organization is the easiest and simplest form in terms of
structure and operation. It will also employ a minimum number of employees
that will help the sole proprietor in the operation of the farm. To maximize
profit, the proposed business venture will raise 40 starter hogs on the first
month and additional 40 starter hogs for succeeding months until the time
the farm can produce its hog starter to raise, fatten and sell. Consequently
(4) hog starter will be raised to breed on the first month to 7th month of its
initial operation. The hogs will be bred sow; this is to ensure that there will
be a continuous production of hogs to meet the demand of its customers.
As the farm continuously operates, environmental issues will arise

in terms of the proper disposal of waste materials.
The proponent will comply with the proper waste disposal to

ensure that no unpleasant odor will emanate from the farm that will be
detrimental to the community of Talon-Talon. With this, the study is deemed
to be feasible as the hog industry continuously grows while facing many
challenges in its growing environment.
Company Overview
Hogs are domestic animals raised by most people here in the

Philippines and abroad. It even becomes a popular home-based business in
our country. This kind of animal is the source of pork, which is in demand in
the market. People in different walks of life consume pork regardless of the
price it is being offered. Despite the issues about the effects of pork on our
body, this food has been a part of our tradition as Filipinos, especially during
fiestas and other special occasions. It is because of the demand for pork in
the market; people begin to venture into the hog raising business. Different
kinds of pigs are raised for consumption or selling purposes. This kind of
8
business has proven to give people a good source of income and it generates
good profit.
Hog raising in the Philippines has been a profitable business for

Filipinos through the decades. Its popularity is seen among the backyards of
rural families. An average Filipino family usually raises a small number of pigs
to augment their daily needs. While both parents are busy with their work,
children may help in raising a few piglets until they reach their marketable
age. No wonder, more hogs are produced in backyards compared to
commercial piggeries. Likely, the increasing scale of operation in livestock
enterprises in the past years has also intensified the adverse environmental
impacts of the industry. The challenge is to constantly develop more efficient
and effective technologies for managing animal wastes tailored to different
scales of production, even as various means of converting such wastes to
useful products (e.g. biogas, fertilizer) have been in use for many years.
(http://entrebankph.com/hog-raising-business-guide/)
The Hog Raising believes that the hog industry will continue to
prosper. Her family used to have a backyard hog raising business that
supported their family needs; this prompted her to operate her own. This
will give her more knowledge on how to manage and expand this kind of
business in the market.
If Three Kings Hog Raisers materializes soon, this company will

produce a quality of hogs that will satisfy the needs of the customers as well
as meet the demand in the market. This will help also to convince us to
become our loyal customers in patronizing our products.
This hog farm will create an environmentally friendly identity by

undertaking the proper and efficient way of waste disposals to avoid
9
harming and distorting others. Ecologically implies that Livestock production

impacts the environment through possible effects on surface and
groundwater quality, gas emissions from animal wastes, and unpleasant
odors arising from the enterprise. Manure management particularly in swine
operations is of crucial importance in addressing all three concerns. Gases
emitted in livestock enterprises include ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide. The latter three contribute to atmospheric changes that
lead to global warming. Unpleasant odors emanating from a livestock
enterprise are a function of the scale of operation and sound manure
management.
Business Name
The name of the proposed business will be “HOG RAISING”. The

phrase hog raising can be traced from the researcher’s source of inspiration
that is her family used to have a backyard hog raising to augment their
expenses. The proposed business perceived to be successful will be a form
of inheritance intended for her children.
Business Location
The proposed business study will be located at Barangay Talon-

Talon, Zamboanga City. The proposed location is in the southeast of the city.
It consists of the largest population in 2007. Talon-Talon’s land area is thirty
percent (30%) devoted to farming, ten percent (10%) on the salt bed while
sixty percent (60%) is for residential. The coastal area is surrounded by
seaweeds and fishpond farming.
10
The proposed location is chosen considering the type and size of

the proposed business, which is a small-scale raising a backyard animal.
Further, factors such as availability of resources and accessibility to the
potential customers are as well considered.
Location Map
Type of Organization
The proposed business will be owned and managed by a single

individual. Therefore, it will be in a sole or single proprietorship type of
business organization. A sole proprietorship business has a single owner.
Sole proprietorships are the easiest and simplest type of business that an
owner can form and operate, according to the Small Business Notes website.
By law, a sole proprietorship and the business owner are viewed as the same
entity.
Vision
HOG RAISING envisions itself to be part of the leading hog raisers in
Zamboanga City.
Mission
HOG RAISING is committed to provide quality hog meat for human
consumption, certified in accordance with quality and food safety
standards.
Business Objectives:
The establishment of the HOG RAISING aims to:
1. establish a hog raising and fattening business in the backyard as a

means to uplift the proponent’s economic living;
11
2. produce quality hogs to the target market as an answer to the

increasing demand for hogs in Zamboanga City;
3. offer an alternative means of hog supply to small scale business
establishments thereby eliminating their need to buy hogs from
places outside Zamboanga City; and
4. sell hogs to retailers at a competitive selling price.
Product Description
Hog raising will ensure that a continuous supply of hogs for the city
of Zamboanga. It will commit to fill the supply and demand by producing
quality hogs for retailers.
Type of Hogs
It will propose to raise the large white type of hogs because of its
superior mothering ability, farrows, and large litters, and excellent milkers.
This type of hogs can produce fine quality meat compared to other breeds.
This can be viewed as one of the proponent’s competitive advantages.
Grow-Out Production
The Hog Raising focuses on the acquisition of starter pigs for a

grow-out production or finishing herb. To grow out production system for
starter hogs, it must weigh around 10-15 kilograms (kg) at the same time of
purchase and feed them to market weight. It is estimated to take four (4)
months to fatten hogs and sell them to retailers.
Table 1
Proposed Feeding Measurements for Finishing Hogs
Weight Number of Consumption per Total feed

(Pilmico Feeds)
(Kg) Days day (kg) Consumption (kg)
Hog Pre-Startex 1 – 10 - 15 kg 13 .62 8.06
mini pellet
Hog Pre-Startex 2 – 15 - 25 kg 21 .85 17.85
mini pellet
Hog growex - pellet 25 – 40kg 25 1.44 36
Hog growex - 2 pellet 40 – 60 kg 28 2 56
Hog fine – pellet 60- 90 kg 58 2.4 139.2
Deworming 2x per -
month
Vitamins 2x per month -
Industry and Market Place
Market selection has a big impact on hog producer’s net sale price
that is why hog producers need to make a wise decision. Prices, as well as
12
marketing costs such as shrink, transportation, and commissions, vary

among the market. Consequently, hog producers must be aware of
alternatives markets available to choose which yields the greatest net return.
(www.Ron Plain, April 2010)
Value Proposition
Hog Raising will produce quality live hog products that will meet
the highest standards set by its direct buyers, intermediaries, and retailers.
Market Penetration
The hogs produced by Hog Raising will be sold to the retailers of

Zamboanga City who are mostly getting their supply outside the city. It will
be offered at an affordable price of P110 to 1120 per kilo of live weight hog
based on the result conducted by the proponent.
Distribution and Sales
Market selection has a big impact on hog producer’s net sale price
that is why important for hog producers to make wise decisions. Prices, as
well as marketing costs such as shrink, transportation, and commission, vary
among the market. Consequently, hog producers must be aware of
alternative markets available to choose which yields the greatest net return.
Direct Selling Strategy
In direct selling strategy, Hog Raising will negotiate directly to the

retailers its own live hogs. Markets that fit in the direct negotiation category
include sales to delivery stations. Although many hogs marketed directly are
sold on a live-weight basis giving merit to the quality of meat of the type of
hog being sold. Figure 2 illustrated the direct selling strategy.
Figure 2
Direct Selling Strategy
Several hog raisers take interest in the direct selling of produce

hogs. One of which is the dissatisfaction with the prices offered for hog meat.
The backyard price is often only a fraction of the retail meat price. Prices for
13
products sold directly to consumers can be substantially lower than typical

market prices. Another reason is that hog raisers value the relationships they
form with the consumers, as well as the opportunity to receive immediate
feedback on their products. Consumers value fresh, quality products along
with the opportunity to support local hog raisers.
Organizing and Staffing
Hog Raising is a small-sized backyard hog raising farm that will

produce quality hogs for the retailers of Zamboanga City. It will be employed
there (3) regular employees for the following position: one (1) General
Manager, one (1) Senior Farmworker, and two (2) farmworkers. The
proposed business will employ two (2) security personnel to secure the
perimeter of the farm twenty-four (24) hours a day.
Conclusion
Hog Raising is an agri-business that even not farmers are willing to

venture this kind of business. This type of business is producing alive stocks
that can produce again and again as long as the hogs are still in condition.
Recommendation
Hog Raising will start in selecting good quality for breeding and
fattening purposes. Recommended to raise a large white type of hogs
because of its superior mothering ability, farrow, and wean large litters and
are excellent milkers. This type of hogs can produce fine quality meat
compared to other breeds. It will also include how to take manage that will
start in the feasibility study as the important aspect to enhance more
knowledge on managing this business if this will be realized in the near
future.
References
Department of Agriculture Accessed 2013
Department of Aquatic Natural Resources Accessed 2013
www.DA.gov.ph Accessed 2013
www.small business startup guide to profitable hog raising business Accessed 2013
http://entrebankkph.com/hog-raisingbusiness-guide Accessed 2013
14
www.Pilmoco.com Accessed 2013
www.google.com Accessed 2013
www.how to start a hog raising business Accessed 2013
www.unifeeds.ph/swine guide Accessed 2013
www. A review of the agriculture sector for western Mindanao regions Accessed 2013
www.ron plain Accessed 2013
www.Department of Aquatic Resources Accessed 2013
www. National Statistic Office Accessed 2013
www.dapartment of environment and natural resources, Accessed 2013
www.department of health, Accessed 2013
www.csimarket.com/stocks, Accessed 2013
www.piglets.com, Accessed 2013
www.bas.gov.ph, Accessed 2013
www.Swine Hog Raising Investment Guide, accessed 2013
Swine Hog Raising Investment Guide, Accessed 2013
15
16
Natividad, Ramelyn O. PREDILECTION ON ONLINE
GROCERY STORE IN ZAMBOANGA CITY. A Feasibility
Study for MBA (2017). Universidad de Zamboanga.
Adviser: Janet Deleña
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the preferences of the

Zamboanguenos on an online grocery store in the city. To fulfill the viability of
the establishment, a survey questionnaire was distributed in determining
preferences on online selling and online buying. The results help to determine
the market’s perspective in patronizing online products and services to ensure
profitability and sustainability. The study focuses on the working parents and
those who have no time to shop due to the busy schedule and it showed that
there are more active online shoppers nowadays compared to previous years.
The increasing engagement in online shopping, coupled with payment
technologies available in the market, ensures robust growth and steady
development of local e-commerce businesses. It will show a comparison
between the services provided by an online grocery shop and a physical store.
The study disclosed the probability of the establishment of online grocery
stores since it has no direct competitors. The marketing strategy applied is the
easy access and fast delivery service to the customers.
Keywords: Online selling, online buying, products and services, online

shoppers
17
Introduction
W ith the advancement of Technology changes the way people shop.

E-commerce continues to thrive in the Philippines with six out of 10
Filipinos are buying products and services online using mobile
devices according to “VISA” an American multinational financial services
corporation that facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world
through VISA-branded credit cards, debit cards, and prepaid cards. The
Philippines has an internet penetration rate of 39 percent, and commerce
engagement is on the rise compared to countries with similar internet
penetration. Despite the low proportion of active cardholders who shop
online, a surge in a transaction made through smartphones indicates
consumers are going mobile-first.
A significant role is played by the internet in connecting to

information and people. The Internet has significantly helped to shorten the
distance between people and their prospects, hence given birth to online
services and ventures. “E-commerce is becoming the new normal in
Southeast Asia, as consumers in the region take to online shopping because
of the variety of goods and services, competitive pricing and improved
delivery options make the whole process much easier. Mobile devices such
as smartphones brought online shopping in the palm of our hands” said
Stuart Tomlinson, Visa country manager for the Philippines and Guam.
Online shopping is trending in the world giving increased output

every year. Virtual marketplaces are catering to all kinds of consumer needs
be they tangible or intangible, standardized or general, and durable or
perishable (Datamonitor, 2010). Since everyone is online, all the time,
whether at their desks or on a mobile device. It is important to know where
and how potential clients use social media and other sites, your marketing
can be done properly. The internet is a giant blank marketing canvas for
brands savvy enough to cut through the noise and find new ways to get
consumers to listen up.
Besides, online shopping experience and online shopping trust

were the factors included within the aspect of risk perception. The business
owners should drive clients to pay more attention to product or service
information research and to promote the products for customer awareness
and then increase the customer online shopping experience to boost the
online shopper’s level of acceptance, trust, and loyalty. Hence, customers'
purchase decisions for the virtual shops and products would succeed.
18
Objectives
This study aims to assess the probability of establishing an online

grocery shop in Zamboanga city and is therefore have the following
objectives:
1. Identify consumer’s preferred online grocery shopping than the

physical market;
2. Determine the products preferred by the customers in Zamboanga
on grocery shop online;
3. Examine the state of online grocery shopping preferences in
Zamboanga City
Conceptual Framework
Products and services were predominantly bought online such as

software, apps, and app-related content, travel services, events and concert
tickets and, digital content like games, music and, videos. The idea of offering
products and services online is more comfortable rather than going to a
physical store. It provides convenience to get the things delivered with a
single click. Also, customers can avoid standing in long lines and some heavy
lifting. It reduces unnecessary shopping habits of picking extra items.
Figure 1
Customers Preferences vis-à-vis Online Shopping intentions
Canvassing can also be done online by just browsing products from

the online shops and can save time and energy. Since most of the online
shopping sites offer a variety of products and its variety from the most
preferred one to a more domesticated one.
19
Methodology
The study focuses on working parents and who have no time to
shop due to the busy schedule. The proponent decided to conduct her survey
at the Universidad de Zamboanga employees and who have a Facebook
account and are accessible on the internet. She limits his conduct of surveys
due to time constraints and her accessibility to the university.
The proponent used the purposive strategy in distributing the

survey and to those considered the direct target customers of the proposed
business. A personal interview is also conducted while she is surveying her
future clients /customers to gather more information needed by the study.
The Internet and key persons are also conducted to gather more information
and data needed in the study.
Market demand describes the demand for a given product and who
wants to purchase it. This is determined by how willing consumers are to
spend a certain price on a particular good or service. As market demand
increases, so does the price. When the demand decreases, prices will go
down as well. Market demand is the total of what everyone within a specific
industry desires and can help guide merchants when building an e-commerce
site.
The survey was conducted by the proponent to gather information

about the current demand and supply of the product. The results will help
the proponents to determine the preferences of the market, where and how
to improve the product to meet the market’s perspective and how often they
will patronize the product and the market’s to purchase the product to
ensure its profitability and sustainability
The proposed business will be focusing on the UZ employees, the

teacher and, non-teaching employees. Since the proposed business is
connected to all working individuals who have no time to shop due to busy
schedules and working hours at work, the researcher considers it as the
direct customer, and lastly, the researcher is also connected and employed
in the said university.
The researcher use, Gay (1978) as cited by Sevilla et al (1978) to

offer some minimum acceptable sizes. According to her, 20% sample size for
a smaller population as small as 500 and below and 10% of the population for
a larger population as large as 1,000.
The Universidad de Zamboanga has five hundred twenty-nine (529)

employees and the researcher uses the twenty percent of the population to
determine the total number to be surveyed (see computation below). Also,
20
the convenient sampling is used in distributing the survey to the respondents

and personal interview is also conducted while doing and distributing the
survey questionnaires.
Total Sampling Computation
529 – Total UZ employees (teaching and non-teaching)

X .20 percent
105.8 or 106 - The one hundred six results will be the total number
to be surveyed by the researcher and considered to be the total
number of the respondents to be surveyed by the researcher.

The findings of the study were as follows:
In identifying customer who will do shopping online results showed

that out of 529 respondents, seventy-four (74) or 70% answer yes, ten (10)
answered sometimes and twenty-two (22) said no, this serves as an
indication of the possibility of the business to be implemented and to
determine future customers.
As to the Respondent’s frequency shop online or view online

products, having the results of forty (40 or 38%) answered twice a month,
thirty (30 or 28%) answered once a week, twenty-four (24 or 23%) answered
twice a week while the remaining (12 or 11%) stated every day. This can be a
good result indicating a good number of prospective clients for the business.
The Respondents are willing to spend amounting to five hundred

to two thousand (Php500 – 2,000) got forty-three (43 or 41%), thirty-four (34)
answered two thousand to four thousand (Php2, 001 – 4,000), seventeen (17)
answered four thousand to six thousand (Php4, 001-6,000) and twelve (12)
answered six thousand and above (Php6, 001 – above).
Most of the respondents have the income range of five thousand

to ten thousand (Php 5,000 – 10,000) having forty-nine (49 or 47%), thirty-five
(35 or 44%) have the incomes of ten thousand to fifteen thousand (10,001 –
15,000), twelve (12 or 11%) have an income of fifteen thousand to twenty
thousand (15,001 to 20,000) and ten (10 or 9%) have the income of 20,001 and
above.\
When it comes to the respondents’ age, results showed that ages

thirty – one to forty years old got 42 or 40%, ages twenty-six to thirty years
21
old have 26 or 24%, ages 41 and above have twenty or 20 or 19%, and lastly,
ages twenty to twenty-five have 18 or 17%.
As to marital status, the study showed that sixty-one or 57% of married

preferred to shop online and singles have forty-five or 42%.
In the question of the respondents’ willingness to avail the service

of online grocery, most of them answered yes having ninety-eight (98 or 92%)
and only eight (8 or 8%) answered no.
As to the respondents willing to pay for the services of online

grocery, payments paid through delivery mode have fifty-four (54 or 51%0,
courier mode have thirty-nine (39 or 37%), and pick-up mode have thirteen (13
or 12%).
As to the type of goods preferred by the respondents on online

shop, beauty products have the highest score of forty-five (45 or 15%)
answered, clothes have thirty-eight (38 or 13%), grocery goods have thirty-
five (35 or 12%), gadget having thirty-one (31 or 11%), footwear twenty-five (25
or 8%), housewares have twenty-two (22 or 7%), the equipment has twenty-
four (24 or 8%), school and office supplies have fourteen (14 or 5%) appliances
have twenty-three (23or 8%) and lastly food have thirty (30 or 10%). This
indicated the kind of goods preferred by the customers.
Respondents use the website when shopping online, Products

being advertised on Facebook have eighty-seven (87) responses or 30%,
Zalora have sixty-four (64) responses or 23%, Lazada has forty-five (45)
responses or 16%, Korean Online products have thirty-six (36) or 13%, Online
Fashion store have twenty-five (25) or 9%, Great Value plus have ten (10)
responses or 4% and others have fourteen (14) or 5%.
On the questions as to whether the Respondent’s shop grocery

products/goods online in Zamboanga City. Most of them answered no having
eighty-five (85 or 80%) because it is usually based on Manila and Cebu and
only twenty (21 or 20%) percent answered yes on products such as foods,
cosmetics, and clothes. It can be an advantage indicating that the online
establishment will be the first to open in Zamboanga.
When asked if the respondents know of any grocery shop online in

Zamboanga, eighty-five (85 or 80%) answered no and only twenty-one (21 or
20%) answered yes. This will be the basis for the study to be feasible and
viable.
22
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were

derived:
1. Seventy-four or 70% of the respondent will patronize the online

grocery shops, they are married between thirty-one (31) to forty
years old with Php 5,000 to 10,000 income that is willing to spend
amounting to five hundred to two thousand (Php500 – 2,000) on
the online store and will spend.
2. Respondents preferred to shop beauty products (15%), clothes

(13%), grocery products/goods (12%), gadgets (11%), foods (10%),
footwear, equipment and appliances (8%), Housewares (7%), school
and office supplies (5%) and lastly book (3%).
3. Establishing a grocery online shop in Zamboanga is feasible

because most of the Zamboanguenos don’t know much about it
and most of them do shop online mostly based in Manila and Cebu.
4. In Zamboanga City, there is a need to establish an online grocery

shop. It can cater to everyone, providing them with a quick server
and convenience.
Recommendations
The following recommendations were drawn:
1. It is therefore recommended to establish an online grocery store in

Zamboanga City based on the findings above. Purchasing online
with just one click of your finger doesn't necessarily require you to
go to the physical store and you don’t need to be in a long line or
do a heavy lift.
2. Online grocery shopping in Zamboanga City is not yet popular and

only a few of them have availed its services. Online business,
therefore, is a profitable business that needs to be implemented in
Zamboanga City.
3. Pandemic grocery online shops will be a hit and profitable when we

are advised to stay home and the internet is a means of connecting
to others as well as availing services online establishing an online
grocery store is recommendable.
23
4. It is also recommended that online grocery stores drive clients to

pay more attention to products or services by promoting customer
awareness.
References
Abadi, H. R. D., Hafshejani, S. N. A., & Zadeh, F. K. (2011). Considering factors
that affect users' online purchase intentions using structural
equation modeling. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary
Research in Business, 3(8), 463-471.
Abu-Shamaa, R., Abu-Shanab, E., & Khasawneh, R. (2016).Payment methods

and purchase intention from online stores: An empirical study in
Jordan. International Journal of E-Business Research, 12(2), 31-44.
Ganapathi, R. (2015). A Study on Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior

of Consumers in Chennai. Journal of Management Research and
Analysis, 2(2), 123-126.
Guo, X., Ling, K. C., & Liu, M. (2012). Evaluating factors influencing consumer
satisfaction towards online shopping in China. Asian Social Science,
8 (13), p. 40.
Ha, S., Stoel, L. (2012). Online apparel retailing: Roles of e-shopping quality
and experiential e-shopping motives. Journal of Service
Management, 23(2), 197–215.
Holmes, Alistair, Angela Byrne, and Jennifer Rowley. 2013. “Mobile Shopping
Behavior: Insights into Attitudes, Shopping Process Involvement
and Location.” International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management 42 (1): 25–39.
Javadi, M., Dolatabadi, H., Nourbakhsh, M., Poursaeedi, A., & Asadollahi,
A. (2012) An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping
Behavior of Consumers. International Journal of Marketing
Studies, 4(5), 81-98.
Katawetawaraks, C., & Wang, C. H. (2011). Online Shopper Behavior:

Influences of Online Shopping Decision. Asian Journal of Business
Research, 1(2), 66-74.
MH Moshref Javadi, H. D. (2012). An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online

Shopping Behavior of Consumers. International Journal of
24
Marketing Studies; Vol. 4, No. 5; Journal search.ebscohost.com, pp.

81-98.
Rekha Verma, A. A. (2014). Consumer’s Attitude towards Online Shopping.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative
Technology (IJESIT), 153-157.
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26
Book, Renz Jervy A. FLIPPED CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION
AS A TEACHING TOOL FOR MEANINGFUL LEARNING OF
THE CORE SUBJECTS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: BASIS
FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN. A
Dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy in Education
(2020). Universidad de Zamboanga. Adviser: Dr.
Bashiruddin A. Ajihil
[email protected]
School of Graduate Studies
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the effects of two teaching methods using
flipped classroom instruction and conventional instruction in teaching the least
mastered core subjects among Grade 8 students in one of the Junior High
Schools in Zamboanga City. This study sought to know the pre-test and post-
test results of the Grade 8 students in Science, Mathematics, and English
subjects using Flipped Classroom Instruction and Conventional Instruction.
Researchers also sought to identify the issues and challenges encountered by
the teachers and students on the implementation of the Flipped Classroom
Instruction. This study sought to find out if there is a significant difference in
the post-test and pre-test results of the Grade 8 students. A Quasi-Experimental
Research and qualitative approach were used. The findings indicated that
students in Flipped Classroom Instruction and Conventional Instruction got
higher scores in the post-test compared to pre-test results in the core subjects.
Flipped classroom students got higher mean scores compared to students who
have been taught using conventional instruction. No significant difference was
found between the two methods in learning the least mastered competencies
in core subjects. The results revealed that the students who were exposed to
Flipped Classroom Instruction and Conventional Instruction improved in their
level of knowledge in mastering the least learned concepts of the core subjects.
This study revealed that whatever method or approach used in teaching least
mastered competencies in the Grade 8 students, whether Flipped Classroom or
Conventional Instruction, would be considered effective in achieving life-long
and meaningful learning.
Keywords: Flipped Classroom Instruction, Conventional Instruction, least

mastered competencies
27
Introduction
T eaching takes place only when learning does. What happens in the
classroom depends on the teacher's ability to maintain students'
interests. Effective learning depends on the teacher's ability to
maintain the needs, interests, and demands of the students in the classroom.
To be an effective teacher, one must have a wide array of instructional
strategies, skilled at identifying and articulating the proper sequence and
pacing of their content and, equipped with classroom management
techniques.
When considering the approach to instruction, teachers always

look for the method that is most beneficial to all learners. Teachers want
their students to enjoy the learning process, and they want the classroom to
be orderly and controlled. As a result, the debate of teacher-centered vs.
student-centered education has been at the forefront of educators’ minds
for many years.
With the implementation of the K to 12 Science Curriculum in the

Philippines, there have been a lot of questions as to how students can cope
with the demands of the content and performance standards imposed in
every grade level. Apart from this, issues on the lack of learning modules and
teacher’s guide have also been the greatest concern of most teachers in the
field.
Studies have shown that the teaching styles of teachers greatly

affect students’ academic performance (Tonog, 2015). Based on the
observations of the department head and master teachers in one of the
biggest schools in Zamboanga City, it was found out that there were teachers
who were still engaging in a traditional method of teaching concepts despite
the series of training conducted by the Department of Education to meet the
demands, interest, and abilities of the students in the 21st Century. This
resulted in low academic performance of the students especially in the core
subjects based on the computed Mean Percentage Score (MPS) in the Grade
8 Curriculum. This situation was a cause for concern.
There is a need for more advanced approaches for teachers to

become more effective and efficient in teaching concepts in core subjects
where students could gain meaningful life-long learning. Considering one's
teaching style and how it affected students' motivation greatly concerned
the researcher. This reason led the researcher to the conception of this
research study.
28
Methodology
This study was a Quasi-Experimental Research and employed the

Non-Randomized Pre-test-Post-test Control Group Design. In this design, two
groups were used, with both groups measured or observed twice. The
measurement of observation of both groups was collected and subjected to
statistical treatment. The Qualitative Design was also used in gathering data
that can merit the descriptions of the issues and challenges that the teachers
and students encountered in the implementation of the Flipped Classroom
Instruction.
This study was conducted in one of the biggest schools in

Zamboanga City. It is a school in the west that stands proudly along by the
sea and situated at 9,750 sq. meters piece of land along R.T. Lim Boulevard
right next to the Joaquin F. Enriquez Jr. Memorial Sports Complex. The
respondents of the study were Grade 8 students enrolled under Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Program (STEM) during the
school year 2019 - 2020. The selection of the samples was done using
purposive sampling. Two (2) sections of the Grade 8 STEM A and B consisting
of 31 students each were used as the respondents of this study. The
experimental group was taught the least mastered competencies in Science,
Mathematics, and English through Flipped Classroom Instruction while the
control group was taught the same content through Conventional
Instruction. The tossing of coins was conducted to identify which class would
be experimental and which class would be the control group.
In this study, the researcher used two (2) research instruments:

First, was the teacher-made Pre-Post Test on the least mastered
competencies in Science, Mathematics, and English. And second, was the
interview questionnaires both for teachers and students. The mean,
standard deviation, paired sample t-test, and independent-sample t-test
were the primary statistical tools used in the analysis of data.
Scores of the Grade 8 students in Science, Mathematics, and English

Subjects using the Flipped Classroom Instruction
The pre-test showed a mean of 10.87 with a standard deviation of

2.62 in Science, 8.61 with a standard deviation of 2.03 in Math, and 16.06 with
a standard deviation of 4.39 in English. The post-test results showed that
Flipped Classroom group got an improved mean score of 20.52 with a
standard deviation of 3.98 in Science, 20.26 with a standard deviation of 3.97
29
in Math, and 24.39 with a standard deviation of 2.33 in English. A comparison

of the pre-test and post-test results showed that the post-test results of the
Flipped Classroom group are higher than the pre-test results. This means that
student’s score was increased after having been given lessons particularly
the least mastered competencies in Science, Mathematics, and English using
the Flipped Classroom Instruction.
This result is supported by the constructivist theorist’s positions

with regards to knowledge acquisition. According to Kapur (2019), when
learners are engaged in constructing their viewpoints, they carry their life
experiences to fully grasp the concepts provided and be able to put them
into action. This is where the teacher comes in as a facilitator but not as a
dispenser of knowledge. Learners still need to acknowledge ideas and
suggestions from their teachers to make sure that they are properly guided
and on the right track.
Scores of the Grade 8 students in Science, Mathematics, and English

Subjects using the Conventional Instruction
The pre-test showed a mean of 10.26 with a standard deviation of

1.81 in Science, 9.42 with a standard deviation of 2.72 in Math, and 16.71 with
a standard deviation of 3.92 in English. The post-test results showed that the
Conventional Instruction group got an improved mean score of 19.52 with a
standard deviation of 3.87 in Science, 19.32 with a standard deviation of 3.41
in Math, and 23.94 with a standard deviation of 3.03 in English. A comparison
of the pre-test and post-test results showed that the post-test results of the
Conventional Instruction group are higher than the pre-test results. This
means that student’s score was increased after having been given lessons
particularly the least mastered competencies in Science, Mathematics, and
English using the Conventional Instruction.
This result is supported by the behaviourist theorist’s positions

with regards to knowledge acquisition. Behaviourist relies on the active role
of the teacher as the dispenser of knowledge and skills. The teacher uses
direct instruction through a lecture-discussion method to ensure that
learning takes place (Bandura, 1986). The traditional method of teaching as
a teacher-centered approach was greatly observed during the entire
duration of the experimentation. The teacher relied heavily on drill and
practice in order for the students to learn the concepts presented and has
proven to be effective as the scores of the students who were exposed to
the conventional instruction improved from the pre-test to post test in
Science, Mathematics and English.
30
Significant Difference in the Post-test Results of the Grade 8 students in

Science, Mathematics, and English Subjects using the Flipped Classroom
and Conventional Instruction
Post-test scores in Science for Flipped Classroom group obtained a

slightly higher mean of 20.52 as compared to the Convention Instruction
group with a mean score of 19.52. Independent samples T-test was used
when data were compared. The yielded t-value for Science is 1.002 with a P-
value of 0.320. Since the P-value is greater than 0.05 level of significance this
means the difference is statistically not significant. This can be inferred that
the flipped classroom instruction and conventional instruction used in this
study were believed to be both effective as an instructional method in
teaching the least mastered competencies in Science.
In like manner, post-test scores in the Mathematics for Flipped

Classroom group obtained a slightly higher mean of 20.26 as compared to
the Conventional Instruction group with a mean of 19.32. Independent
samples T-test was used when data were compared. The yielded t-value for
Mathematics is 0.995 with a P-value of 0.324. Since the P-value is greater
than 0.05 level of significance this means the difference is statistically not
significant. This can be inferred that the flipped classroom instruction and
conventional instruction used in this study were believed to be both effective
as an instructional method in teaching the least mastered competencies in
Mathematics.
Moreover, post-test scores in English for Flipped Classroom group

obtained a slightly higher mean of 24.39 as compared to the Conventional
Instruction group with a mean of 23.94. Independent samples T-test was
used when data were compared. The yielded t-value for Mathematics is
0.657 with a P-value of 0.514. Since the P-value is greater than 0.05 level of
significance this means the difference is statistically not significant. This can
be inferred that the flipped classroom instruction and conventional
instruction used in this study were believed to be both effective as an
instructional method in teaching the least mastered competencies in English.
These findings can be supported by the conclusion of Hackatorn, et

al. (2011) that each teaching technique has its benefits and effectiveness for
various levels of learning and emphasizes that active teaching techniques aid
in increasing learning. Using the two (2) approaches in teaching the least
mastered competencies in the core subjects improved the level of
performance of the Grade 8 students.
31
Significant Difference in the Pre-test and Post-test Results of the Grade 8

students in Science, Mathematics, and English Subjects using the Flipped
Classroom Instruction
The yielded t-value for Science is -11.088 with a P-value of 0.000.

Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this means the
difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the Flipped
Classroom Instruction yields better performance from pre-test to post-test
in learning the least mastered competencies in Science.
In like manner, the yielded t-value for Mathematics is -12.091 with a

P-value of 0.000. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this
means the difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the
Flipped Classroom Instruction yields better performance from pre-test to
post-test in earning the least mastered competencies in Mathematics.
Moreover, the yielded t-value for English is -8.817 with a P-value of

0.000. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this means the
difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the Flipped
Classroom Instruction yields better performance from pre-test to post-test
in learning the least mastered competencies in English.
The result implies that Flipped Classroom Instruction is an effective

approach in teaching the least mastered competencies in Science,
Mathematics, and English. The students’ scores significantly increased from
Pre-Test to Post-Test. This is because of the active input of the students in
the teaching-learning process. This claimed can be supported by a
constructivist learning model that requires intellectual effort and aids
retention.
Significant Difference in the Mathematics Motivation, Strategies for

Learning, and Academic Significant Difference in the Pre-test and Post-test
Results of the Grade 8 students in Science, Mathematics, and English
Subjects using the Conventional Instruction
The yielded t-value for science is -10.967 with a P-value of 0.000.

Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this means the
difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the
Conventional Instruction yields better performance from pre-test to post-
test in learning the least mastered competencies in Science.
In like manner, the yielded t-value for Mathematics is -11.225 with a

P-value of 0.000. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this
means the difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the
32

test in learning the least mastered competencies in Mathematics.
Moreover, the yielded t-value for English is -8.097 with a P-value of

0.000. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance this means the
difference is statistically significant. This can be inferred that the
test in learning the least mastered competencies in English.
The result implies that Conventional Instruction is also an effective

approach in teaching the least mastered competencies in Science,
Mathematics, and English. The students’ scores significantly increased from
Pre-Test to Post-Test. This can be supported by the behaviorist theorist
positions with regards to knowledge acquisition. Behaviorist relies on the
active role of the teacher as the dispenser of knowledge and skills in a
teacher-centered approach. A teacher used direct instruction through a
lecture-discussion method to ensure that learning takes place and has
proven effective which relies mostly upon drills and practices (Bandura,
1986).
SUMMARY OF INTERVIEW FINDINGS
The one-on-one interview conducted with the teachers and

student- respondents determined the qualitative description of the issues
and challenges of the teachers and students in the implementation of the
Flipped Classroom Instruction.
It Takes Time
According to the teachers, the preparation of the lesson using the

flipped classroom instruction usually takes 2-3 hours per day. In this case,
teachers need to spend more time in the preparation specifically in choosing
the correct video clip that is suitable and relatable for the students. The
flipped learning videos must contain several elements such as animation,
cartoons, and music to attract students’ attention to watch it. If not,
students will most likely not engage in watching the videos at home.
Teachers need also an extra time in preparation of the instructional materials
to be used in the execution of the flipped instruction such as the multi-media
tools. Lastly, the planning of the lesson must be prepared ahead of time.
Teachers devoted their time to come up with a well-polished lesson plan to
meet the interest of the students depending on their learning styles.
Choosing the best learning strategy to fit a student’s learning style takes
most of the time of the teachers. As they need to search for the best activity
that meets the learning style of the students in the classroom.
33
The Unfamiliarity of the Approach
Teachers are not familiar with the approach and never made used
it as a learning strategy in class. This becomes a challenge to the teachers as
most of them are not trained in this type of approach. Teachers are not able
really to monitor the progress of the students especially in watching the
videos during out-class. Teachers may not be aware that some students were
not able to view the flipped learning videos at home because students don’t
have access to the internet connection. Students struggled but with the help
of their classmates or peers, they were able to find ways to watch the lesson
and be ready for the in-class activities. The teacher must then be a master of
this approach as he or she plays a vital role in the outcome of this approach.
The in-class activities are important for students’ hands-on activities, group
discussion, or inquiry-based learning to construct their critical and creative
thinking. However, teachers are still new to this type of approach which can
influence students’ successful learning of the least mastered competencies
in Science, Mathematics and English.
Lack of Resources
On the part of the students, several problems were also

encountered during the implementation of the Flipped Classroom
Instruction. The theme that emerged is the lack of resources. The students
used the Schoology Application as a platform for out-class instruction.
Students were asked to view the video, read the Powerpoint and other
materials uploaded in the application. Students were instructed to view the
videos at their most convenient time at home which served as an advance
lesson for them to be ready for the next day. It was expected that most of
the students were able to view the videos at home. Unfortunately, some
students experienced some difficulties in accessing the videos using the
application due to limited resources such as no internet connection at home,
no gadgets available, and the likes which resulted in disengagement of the
students to watch the video at home. Aside from that, students have
mentioned that because of heavy-loaded requirements from other subjects,
they did not have time to access the flipping videos at home. This could affect
the performance of the students during in-class interaction.
Conclusion
After careful analysis of data, this study, therefore, presents the

following conclusions:
1. The post-test result is higher than the pre-test result of the Flipped
Classroom group.
34
2. The post-test result is higher than the pre-test result of the

Conventional Instruction group.
3. The issues encountered by the teachers in the implementation of

the Flipped Classroom Instruction were the following: the time
spent in the preparation of the materials in the execution of the
approach takes time while challenges encountered are the
unfamiliarity of the approach and the lack of resources. On the
other hand, students enumerated problems encountered in the
implementation of the Flipped Classroom. These are the following:
poor internet connection leads students to disengagement in the
out-of-class; not all students have access to the internet connection
at home; and the lack of resources such as smartphones and
laptops.
4. There is no significant difference in post-test scores of the Grade 8

Students of the Flipped Classroom Instruction and the
Conventional Instruction in learning the least mastered
competencies in Science, Mathematics, and English.
Recommendations
Given the conclusions, this study makes the following

recommendations;
The principal must be able to design a plan and an educational

development program focusing on the implementation of the flipped
classroom instruction. This study will pave way for the school principal to
encourage teachers to adopt this effective teaching tool for classroom
instruction. There must be continuous training so that teachers will develop
the skills and master the proper execution of the flipped classroom
instruction.
The head together with the Master Teacher of the department

must plan series of training for teachers on the proper implementation of the
flipped classroom. They can insert the training during In-Service Training
every October and May. The training must focus on developing the teachers’
21st Century Skills which is needed in the execution of the flipped classroom
instruction.
The teacher must continue to ignite their interests and eagerness

in teaching. Teachers should be more innovative in preparing teaching and
learning materials to help them modify their teaching strategies to embrace
35
the benefits of interactive teaching, including longer and increased students’

conceptual understanding. Teachers can adapt the teaching method
introduced in this study to embark on effective teaching techniques on the
different lessons, thus enhancing the pedagogical practice of the teachers.
The learners under the STEM Program should be able to develop a

good attitude and positive prerogative towards the subject. Through this, it
can increase students’ academic performance by exposing them to the
appropriate teaching techniques that can assist them to gain meaningful and
lifelong learning. Students must be able to understand why teachers used
flipped classroom instruction. Students can also develop and enhance their
21st Century skills.
A Cohort study be conducted from Grade 7 to Grade 10 applying the

same methodology used in this study to make the study more conclusive and
comprehensive; similar research be conducted in other subject areas such as
MAPEH and Araling Panlipunan, and a replication of this research be
conducted using the whole semester or one school year for experimentation
to assess the long-term effects of the teaching methods used.
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Mijan, Radah Y. ALIGNMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STRANDS TO COLLEGE PROGRAM ENROLLED AND
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSIDAD DE
ZAMBOANGA FRESHMAN STUDENTS: BASIS FOR
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAM. A Dissertation
for Ph.D. (2019). Universidad de Zamboanga. Adviser: Dr.
Bashiruddin A. Ajihil
[email protected]
School of Allied Medicine
ABSTRACT
The study determined the alignment of senior high school strands to the college
program and academic performance of Universidad de Zamboanga freshman
students enrolled during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019.
This study answered the following research questions: The strand of the Senior
High School of Universidad de Zamboanga; The average grade of Senior High
School and first semester grade of college students; Is there a significant
difference in the average senior high school grades and the first-semester
college grades when their profile is considered? Is there a significant
relationship between the average grades of senior high school grades and the
average first semester college grades? And findings basis of, what guidance and
counseling program can be designed? This study employed quantitative
research. Results revealed that the STEM ranked the highest number of
respondents, followed by GAS, HUMSS, ABM, and TVL. The grades of the
respondents during their Senior High School were very satisfactory, however,
their grades during the first semester of the school year 2018-2019 were
satisfactory. Furthermore, the grades of the respondents did not vary in terms
of their ethnicity. There was a significant difference in the respondents’ grades
in senior high school when their demographic profile was considered. There
was a significant difference in first semester college grades when grouped to
their demographic profile. There was a significant relationship between the
respondents’ senior high school grades and college grades.
Keywords: Alignment of Senior High School Strand, Freshman Students, Basis

for Guidance and Counseling Program, STEM Strand, GAS, HUMSS, ABM, TVL,
41
Introduction
W hen the K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program was

implemented a couple of years ago, many parents and learners felt
the educational challenges and their effects on the Filipinos in
general. As a result, a refurbish was done in the system of every individual.
The k to 12 tracks and strands aim to help the students master their skills and
learning preparing them for their workforce or college admission. It is
important to align the track and strands to college degrees, because it may
have an impact on the students’ academic performance.
The K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program introduces various

tracks composed of strands that students choose according to their interest
and competency. This program prepares students for higher education,
employment, entrepreneurship, and middle skills development and training.
As a new educational system, the senior high school offers four tracks. The
first is the academic track with strands that include Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and the
General Academic Strand (GAS). The said track prepares students for college
education particularly on their chosen college course relative to the
completed strand of their senior high school. Another track is the Technical-
Vocational Livelihood (TVL) with strands like Industrial Arts, Home
Economics, ICT, and Agricultural-Fisheries and the remaining tracks are Arts,
and Design and Sports. Implementing and offering the senior high curriculum
designed for specific course alignment, all institutions should uphold the
regulations confirming with the Department of Education and the
Commission on Higher Education.
Implemented on June 8, 2013, through Republic Act 10533, the

program covers kindergarten, six years of primary education, four years of
Junior high school, and two years of Senior high school. The aim of the
program centers on the intensive preparation of students before college
education. It provides relevant actual experiences that equip students with
basic education that is comparable with the international standards. Due to
globalization, there is an increase in the demand for highly skilled
professionals overseas. The reformat of the system provides the students
enough time to master concepts and skills before entering tertiary
education, thus having them prepared for their chosen careers. According to
Sarmiento and Orale (2016) in their article, about 6 in every 10 senior high
school students in the Philippines, Japan, and United States of America
preferred the academic track, and only about 4 in every 10 chose technical-
vocational- livelihood, while very few went to sports, arts and designs.
42
On the other hand, Akker (2003) imparted his insights regarding

assessment. He stated that assessment is a process that is used to keep track
of learners’ progress concerning learning standards and the development of
21st-century skills; to promote self-reflection and personal accountability
among students about their learning, and to provide bases for the profiling
of student performance on the learning competencies and standards of the
curriculum. In the academic year 2018-2019, all states, universities, and
colleges opened admission for students who graduated from different senior
high schools regardless of the strands they took. It was a mandate of the
Commission on Higher Education, which states that all senior high graduates
shall be accepted for college entrance examination in the Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs). This is per CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 105 s.
2017. The CHED made a significant step to enlighten senior high school
graduates to decide on what course they will enroll. It further states that all
grade 12 graduates are eligible to enter college as long as they will meet the
admission requirements of their chosen school. It was re-emphasized that
another chance must be given to all Grade 12 students.
Methodology
The study was descriptive quantitative research. It described and

analyzed the documents and other important data collected among the
respondents, who took academic strands in the senior high school as a
requisite to pursue their preferred or desired college course in the tertiary
education that aligned with their chosen strand or specialization. Its main
purpose is to describe, explain and validate the research findings.
Correlational research was also utilized to determine the relationship
between the academic performance of the senior high school students and
the UZ freshman students’ grades earned during the 1st semester of the
school year 2018-2019. It also measured the significant difference in the
respondents’ grades categorized according to their profile.
The study was conducted at Universidad de Zamboanga Main

Campus located in Tetuan, Zamboanga city, where the data were mostly
collected among the respondents. The other information were taken from
the UZ Registrar’s Office located also in the main campus with the permission
of the school heads and the freshmen as the respondents from the School of
Education, Arts and Sciences (SEAS), School of Engineering, Information and
Communication Technology (SEICT), School of Allied Medicine (SAM),
Institute of Technical Education (IT) and three high schools namely, Arturo
Eustaquio Memorial Science High School (AEMSHS), UZ Technical High
School and UZ Senior High School.
In this study, the respondents were the students of Universidad de

Zamboanga enrolled during the 2nd semester of the school year 2018-2019,
43
specifically, the first year college students, who were products of the K to 12
Basic Education Program. This study utilized Quota sampling in choosing the
respondents from the different course programs, which in quota sampling
method, the samples had the proportion of individuals as the entire
population to known characteristics, traits, or focused phenomenon of the
study. The questionnaire checklist used in this study contained the profile of
the respondents such as name, student number, age, sex, ethnicity,
department, SHS strand, and SHS graduated from. The academic
performance of the respondents was provided by the UZ Registrar’s Office
and the deans of the colleges.
Summary on the Senior High School Strand (SHS) of the Respondents
The results showed that out of 464 respondents, 143 of them (30.8%)
finished Stem in senior high school. This is followed by the GAS with130
respondents (28%); ABM (77 or 16.6%); TVL (76 or 16.4%); and HUMSS (38 or
8.2%). The results further showed that STEM yielded the highest number of
respondents taken in the senior high school. The finding showed that many
of the students were interested to take courses in tertiary education aligned
to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The students
preferred to earn a career related to the said strand.
Senior High School Grades of the Respondents
As reflected in the results, the data showed that out of 464

respondents, 221 (47.6%) of them achieved very satisfactory grades of 85-89
%. The information was supported by the idea that many UZ students
exhibited the capability to pursue their chosen field of specialization in
tertiary education based on the senior high grades they earned. Another 119
students (25.6%) attained satisfactory grades of 80-84%. This was followed by
118 (25.4%) students, who earned outstanding grades of 90-100%. However, a
few students received fairly satisfactory grades of 75-79% (6 or 1.3%). The
results showed that the mean grade was 86.8 with a standard deviation of
3.95 as well as it presented the lowest grade of 78% and the highest grade of
99%. The academic performance of the respondents in the senior high school
was satisfactory, which indicated that they were somehow academically
ready and prepared to pursue any college course they desire and which they
think interesting to take.
44
First Year College Grades of the Respondents
The data showed that 176 respondents (37.9%) out of 464 earned
the grades of 80-84% which was categorically described as satisfactory. This
is followed by 154 respondents (33.2%) that earned very satisfactory grades
of 85-89%; 60 (12.9%) respondents achieved fairly satisfactory grades of 75-
79%. However, very few students did not meet expectations (8 or 1.7%). The
results further showed that the mean grade was 84.50 with a standard
deviation of 5.07 at the same time it presented the lowest grade of 69% and
the highest grade of 94%. The findings showed that the academic
performance of the freshman students was satisfactory, which indicated that
they academically and satisfactorily performed in their chosen college
course.
Significant Difference in the Senior High School Grades of the Respondents

in terms of their Sex
The data showed that the female respondents acquired the mean
grade of 87.62, whereas the male respondents yielded 86.0 with a t-value of
-4.397. Since the value was lesser than the 0.05 level of significance, the null
hypothesis was rejected. Therefore the result indicates that there was a
significant difference in the average senior high school grades of the
respondents in terms of sex. It further explains that it measures the size of
relative difference to the variation in the data explaining that the t- value
closes to zero (0) signifies evidence against the null hypothesis. The finding
implies that the female respondents academically performed better than the
males in the senior high school. The female students exerted greater effort
to pursue their desired college course by preparing themselves academically.
Significant Difference in the Senior High School Grades of the Respondents

in terms of Profile
Evidently, the results showed that in terms of the respondents’

age, the mean grade 17-18 years old was 87.5852; ages 19-20 years old had a
mean grade of 86.8287, and ages 20 and above had a mean grade of 84.4186.
also, the result revealed that the f-value was 10.947 and the P-value was
0.000. Since the P-value was lesser than the 0.05 level of significance, the
posited null hypothesis was rejected. Therefore it indicates that there was a
significant difference in the SHS grades of the respondents in terms of age.
For the respondents’ ethnicity, the data showed that the F-value was 8.994
with a P-value of 0.358. Since the P-value was greater than the 0.05 level of
significance, the null hypothesis was accepted. Therefore, it indicates that
there was no significant difference in the grades of the respondents in terms
of ethnicity. The finding implies that the grades of the students belonging to
45
different tribes did not vary. Whatever ethnic group they belong to, there is
no significant difference in their SHS grades.
Regarding the college/ department of the respondents, the data showed
that the F-vale was 10.336with a P-value of 0.000. Since the P-value was lesser
than the 0.05 level of significance, the null hypothesis was rejected. This
means that there was a significant difference in the grades of the SHS
students in terms of the department they belong. The finding implies that
the average grades per department varied. This explains that the
department accepts varied average grades since the school offers open
admission across colleges and departments.
In terms of the respondents’ strands, the data revealed that the

STEM had a mean grade of 86.7692; GAS with 85.9308; HUMSS with 87.0789,
ABM with 89.00; and TVL with 86.1316. The record also indicated that the null
hypothesis was rejected since the F-value was 10.217 and the P-vale of 0.000,
which was lesser than the 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, it indicated
that there was a significant difference in the SHS grades in terms of the
strand.
Finally, regarding senior high school, where the respondents

graduated, the data showed that the students, who finished senior high
school in Tawi-Tawi yielded a mean grade of 88.3077. This was followed by
the respondents who graduated in Basilan with a mean grade of 88.2381; Jolo
yielded a mean grade of 86.9600; Zamboanga del Sure with 86.9116 and
Zamboanga city with a mean grade of 86.4007; while those respondents who
graduated from other high schools obtained a mean grade of 88.0667. The
results revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected since the F-value was
1.766 with its P-value of 0.118, which was greater than the 0.05 level of
significance. Therefore it indicated that there was no significant difference in
the SHS grades of students in terms of the senior high schools where they
graduated.
Significant Difference in the 1st Semester College Grades of the

Respondents in terms of Sex
The data exhibited a significant difference between male and

female grades. The mean grade of the females was 85.4848, while the males’
mean grade was 83.5279. Since the t-value was -4.234 with a P-0.000 value,
which is lesser than the 0.05 level of significance, the null hypothesis was
rejected. Therefore it means that there was a significant difference in the
grades of the respondents in terms of sex. The finding showed that the
average grades of the male and female college students during the 1st
semester varied. Possibility shows that female respondents earned higher
grades than the males in their chosen college courses. It further indicates
that females academically perform better in the classroom than males.
46
Significant Difference in the 1st Semester College Grades of the

Respondents in terms of Profile
The results showed that in terms of age, the mean grade of 17-18
years old was 85.000; the 19-20 years of age obtained a mean grade of
84.4615, and the age of above 20 was 83.2093. The results indicated that the
F-value was 2.069 and its P-value of 0.127. Since the P-value was greater than
the 0.05 significant level, the null hypothesis was accepted. Therefore, it
indicated that there was no significant difference in the college grades of the
respondents. The student’s academic performance did not differ
significantly. The finding implies that the younger and older students equally
perform in the classroom. All students with different age levels have the
chance to get high grades.
For the respondents’ ethnicity, the data showed that the F-value
was 1.077 and the P-value was 0.358. Since the P-value was greater than the
0.05 level of significance, the null hypothesis was accepted. Therefore, it
indicates that there was no significant difference in the average grades of the
respondents in terms of ethnicity. The finding implies that the average
grades of the students belonging to different tribes do not vary. Every tribe
like the Tausug can equally perform well in the classroom with the other
tribes such as Bisaya, Zamboangueno, and others.
In respect to the respondents’ department, strand, and senior high

school, the results showed that the f-value of the strand was 10.217 and the
P- values of the STEM, HUMSS, ABM, and GAS were 0.000. Likewise, the f-
value of the department was 10.326 and its P-value was 0.015. For SHS, the f-
value was 1.766 with its P-value of 0. 118. Since all the P-values of the strand
and department were lesser than the 0.05 level of significance, the null
hypothesis was rejected. Therefore it showed that there was a significant
difference in the average 1st-semester college grades of the respondents in
terms of department and strand.
The finding implies that the average 1st-semester college grades of

the respondents in terms of department and strand varied. Students
belonging to different departments and taking strands perform differently in
the classroom, which means their grades were not the same. However,
regarding the senior high school, since the P-value was greater than the 0.05
level of significance, the null hypothesis was accepted. Therefore it shows
that there was no significant difference in the average 1 st-semester college
grades of the respondents in terms of senior high school.
47
Significant Relationship between the Senior High School Grades and the
College Grades of the Respondents
When the data had been correlated, it yielded the r-value of 0.514
which connotes a positive moderate correlation. The P-value of 0.000
connotes a significant correlation between the variables. Since the P-value
was lesser than the 0.05 significant level, the null hypothesis was rejected.
Therefore it shows that there was a significant relationship between the SHS
grades and the college grades of the students. The finding implies that as the
senior high school grades increase, the college grades moderately increase.
This further confirms that the alignment of the SHS strands and the college
programs is indeed significant so that the SHS students, who prefer or
choose their desired courses and related to the strands they take in the
senior high curriculum, will certainly and academically perform well.
Student Consultation on Guidance and Counseling Program
Rationale
Guidance and counseling provide a structured plan to help assist

the students in their journey and struggle in coping with the course subjects.
A Holistic approach must be ascertained to inspire and guide individual
strengths and needs and social and cultural diversity. The activity
encompasses that the program is uniquely designed with a task-based
approach to enable the students to cope with their academic performance.
Through exploring the students’ needs and assessing their loopholes, it will
enable them to achieve educational goals and career paths aligned with their
senior high strands. Henceforth, guidance and counseling must be
coordinated in services with the faculty members and department heads for
the students’ referral and consultation. This will ensure the accessibility of
guidance and counseling to all.
Objectives
The program will provide direction by assisting students to cope

with their knowledge, attitudes, strategies, and skills program domains;
personal understanding and awareness of oneself, as well as interacting
effectively with others develop life and career plans.
Discuss with students the career view and educational path taking
into consideration the psychosocial aspect and personal assessment with
their capability. They will effectively perform in the learning process, aiding
them in decision making and valuing education and career paths.
48
Formulate advisory activities that will focus on improving academic

performance through motivation and consultation. The collaboration will
embody faculty, advisers, program heads, and deans.
Conclusion
The study presents the conclusions based on the research findings of this
study:
The senior high school strands of the respondents are Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), General Academic Strand
(GAS), Accountancy and Business Management (ABM), Technical-Vocational-
Livelihood (TVL), and Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS). Among the
said strands, STEM was ranked first in terms of the total number of senior
high students. The senior high school grades of the respondents are
satisfactory. While the college grades of the respondents are also
satisfactory. In terms of the respondents’ senior high school grades, there is
no significant difference in terms of their ethnicity. However, there is a
significant difference in the respondents’ senior high school grades in terms
of their age, sex, department strands, and high school they graduated.
Regarding the college grades of the respondents, there is no

significant difference when their age and the high school where they
graduated are considered. There is a significant difference in the
respondents’ college grades in terms of their ethnicity, department, and
strands. There is a significant relationship between the respondents’ senior
high school grades and college grades. As the senior high grades increased
the average college grades also moderately increased.
Based on the results, the study has designed a Guidance and

Counseling Program entitled, Student Consultation on Guidance and
Counseling Program. The intervention design is presented in Chapter V of this
manuscript.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions formulated, the researcher presents the

following recommendations.
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
The data collected from this study will essentially provide

information for the agency in formulating, regulating, and implementing the
alignment of senior high school strand and programs in respect to college
admissions.
49
Universidad de Zamboanga Administration
Based on the findings of the study, the UZ administration may

revisit or review the new implementation of the policy on open admission to
all college entrants. Learning the importance of the alignment of the senior
high school strands and college courses, perhaps the administration may
apply possible system or admission requirements that will still place the
college freshmen in the right degrees which are connected to their senior
high school strands. In that way, students will not academically struggle very
hard in terms of contents, knowledge, and skills.
UZ Professors
It is imperative to recognize the teaching methods of the teachers

that need enhancement in adapting to a more teaching-learning process
administered for the learning needs of the diverse students.
Guidance Counselors
This study will serve as the guidelines and basis of developing

approaches of guidance and counseling programs focusing on individual
coping and academic appraisal.
Parents
The parents must be supportive and guide as to the strands and
college course preference of their children. They must guide them
academically to prepare and mold their skills, knowledge, and attitude in
their entry to tertiary education.
Future Researchers
The result of this study will provide additional concepts and

disciplines to future researchers regarding the effects of open admission in
entry to tertiary level.
References
50
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51
52
Iribani, Mark-Richter B. YOUTUBE TUTORIAL VIDEOS
AMONG UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: BASIS FOR ENHANCED
INSTRUCTIONAL LEARNING PLAN. A Thesis for MAED
(2019). Universidad de Zamboanga. Adviser: Julieta D.
Francisco
[email protected]
High School Department
ABSTRACT
YouTube becomes a global tool that allows learning without restrictions, as it

allows for active, constructive, and interactive learning opportunities. Learning
through video on YouTube achieves better learning outcomes. This study is a
quasi-experimental research design employing pre-test and post-test to the
experimental and control group which aims to determine the effectiveness of
YouTube tutorial videos as a supplement for enhancing the students’
understanding of mathematics in the teaching and learning process. This study
employed the following statistical tools to answer the questions posited in the
study. Mean was used to determine the mean gained scores of the pre-test and
post-test scores of the respondents both in the control and experimental
group. t-test was employed to determine the significant difference in the
gained scores of the respondents between the control and experimental group.
The respondents of this study were the Grade 10 students of Technical High
School of Universidad de Zamboanga. The list of the students of THS of UZ
serves as the framework of the study. There was a total of 65 students, 34
students in the experimental group and 31 students in the control group. The
findings showed that the results in both experimental and control group were
the same, stating that there is a significant difference in the gained scores of
the students in the pre-test and post-test, implying that the students watching
YouTube tutorial videos have the same learning acquisition and assessment
results as students in the classroom-based instruction with the use of
traditional teaching methodology and strategies.
Keywords: YouTube Tutorial, Mathematics, High School Students
53
Introduction
I n today's generation, different ways of learning have emerged in the

digital world. Most people became dependent on finding solutions and
answers on the internet. Everything can be searched in a spur of a
moment with just one click and things can be learned anytime. In the field of
education, the good quality of education depends on the acquisition of the
learners. Students nowadays are more engaged in acquiring knowledge
through audio-visual instructions. YouTube became phenomenal when it
comes to giving audio-visual instructions in a different discipline.
According to Cayari (2011), YouTube is considered as a medium of

art, a piece of machinery that allows people from listening to becoming a
singer, viewers to develop themselves to become actors, and shoppers to
become manufacturers making their crafts and linking current ones. It gives
opportunities to everybody to have a will to express and be noticed.
Chau (2010), stated that YouTube has changed the scenery of the
world, as well as higher education. This audiovisual sharing site collects
billions of watchers every day, the up-to-date reports display that more than
half of audiences are learners. “Youths established the leading demographic
on YouTube in terms of their viewership, commentaries, evaluation, and
other criticism. YouTube, was formed in 2005 and is now the third most
visited website in the world according to Cayari (2011). From searching the
most common “how-to” and videos that contain music to everyday vlogs and
concerts, every height of engagement is being initiated. Being part of a
digital community that reaches every form of social media, as users are active
members on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and blog sites, in addition to
YouTube. These digital communities are influential and moving what could
be the future of university campuses.
Adolescences find YouTube to be more amusing than any other

site. They are full of life suppliers through comments and generating their
channels as stated by Chau (2011). College men are more engaged in
watching YouTube than women, with all signing on for entertainment,
looking for information, and communication (Haridakis & Hanson 2009).
Hanson and Haridakis (2009) found that the use of YouTube is an immediate
connection to interpersonal interaction and social happenings. The ability of
the users to share videos from YouTube to their social groups advocates that
the scope of their real-life activities and interpersonal interaction with others
can have an impact on their communal use of YouTube.
Co-watching in this similar study was a different discovery,

emphasizing all over again the ‘share’ article of the platform. In addition to
this, they share videos with groups, which then will be influenced by the
content of the video and experience the whole thing. This study conveys
54
the fact that YouTube can develop social groups and interactions. According
to Lange (2008), YouTube is better labeled as a social networking site than
addressing YouTube as a video-providing network.
The teachers of Universidad de Zamboanga – High School are

experiencing spoon-feeding in the teaching process. Since the
methodologies have always been part of the teaching-learning process, the
researcher obtained the idea to lessen spoon-feeding by integrating
YouTube in classroom instruction. Nowadays, teachers are engaged in using
advanced technologies in their teaching instructions. The researcher
combined the notion of including YouTube in the teaching instruction. In this
study, YouTube is used as the instrument in advanced methodological
support in teaching and learning process as it allows learners to access
whatever things they want to learn and considering that students are
attached to the digital world and being more dependent on the things that
are happening on the social media. Proper evaluation of the selected videos
from YouTube, could be a big help in ensuring the effectiveness of YouTube
tutorial videos in giving accurate knowledge of what is intended to supply to
the students and to be learned by the students. This study focused on the
effectiveness of YouTube as an online video instruction used by the teacher
in mathematics courses.
Methodology
This study is a quasi-experimental research design employing pre-

test and post-test to the experimental and control group which aimed to
determine the effectiveness of YouTube tutorial videos as a supplement for
enhancing the students’ understanding of mathematics in the teaching and
learning process.
A quasi-experimental design is similar to true experiments,

nevertheless, the design lacks random selection to the experimental and
control groups. According to Rubin and Babbie (2017), the simplest of the
designs in the quasi-experimental is the design of a nonequivalent
comparison group. The design of the nonequivalent comparison group is
similar to the traditional experimental design, but this design is not using a
random assignment. In so many situations, these groups have already been
happening. An example of that is, an aspiring researcher wants to conduct a
study at two different agencies, and one of the agencies will undergo an
intervention while the other one is not. None of the two was assigned to
comparison groups or treatment. Those groups occurred former to the
research. Though the method is suitable for the real-world study, still the
researchers are not sure that the groups can be compared. Possibly the
group under the treatment has these kinds of characteristics that are
different from others, example, different diagnoses or higher income that
55
makes the group under treatment more effective. Quasi-experiments are

mostly convenient in public welfare policy study. The researchers of social
welfare are practicing studies that are more natural or they call this method
natural experiments or circumstances in which groups that can be compared
are made by the uniqueness that already happened in the real-life situation.
For example, according to Stratmann and Wille (2016), they were

very fascinated by the effects of a state healthcare policy which is called
Certificate of Need on the excellence of the medical centers. This was not
easy for them to just assign states to embrace one set of policies or another.
As an alternative, they used the medical center’s appointment areas or the
regions from which medical center draw their patients, that can be traversed
on the other regions. Since the medical centers were just the same
recommended region, the researchers possibly sure that the customer
individualities were quite comparable. In this manner, they may well
categorize patients in both experimental and comparison groups without
distressing policy or informing
people someplace to stay.
There are significant instances of policy experimentations that are

being used with a random assignment, according to Baicker et al (2013)
together with the Oregon Medicaid experiment. In the experiment of the
Oregon Medicaid, the waitlist for Oregon was so long, state officers
conducted a raffle to realize who from the waitlist would get Medicaid. The
researchers managed to operate the raffle as a natural experiment that
counted in a random assignment. Those who were chosen to be a part of
Medicaid were assigned to the experimental group and the people on the
waitlist were assigned to the control group.
The research was conducted at Universidad de Zamboanga –High

School Building which is located along Governor Alvarez St., Zone III,
Zamboanga City. It is the home of the Arturo Eustaquio Memorial Science
High School and Technical High School. Specifically, the researcher
researched at the fifth floor of the High School Building in the Universidad de
Zamboanga – Technical High School where the grade 10 Galileo and grade 10
Mariner are located. Universidad de Zamboanga has seven campuses spread
out in an area of more than one hundred and thirty hectares. In 1948,
engineer Arturo F. Eustaquio founded the Zamboanga Arturo Eustaquio
Colleges (ZAEC), and opened the doors to 479 high school and college
students. ZAEC initially offered a complete academic secondary course.
ZAEC’s complete academic secondary course was given government
recognition. There was a tremendous increase in enrollment and to
accommodate the enrollees, ZAEC left the Mendoza Building and moved to
the new home, the main campus in Barangay Tetuan. On the 11th day of April
in the year 2005, the Commission on Higher Education has officially granted
56
the university status to ZAEC as Universidad de Zamboanga and continued

to grow with an additional campus, the UZ-High School.
This study utilized test questions in mathematics as the main data

gathering tool for pretest and post-test. The first part of the questionnaire is
the general information of the respondents such as name (optional) and
section, and the second part is the pre-test which includes mathematics
questions. The third part of the questionnaire which was given after the
the experiment is the post-test which includes the same test questions.
The test that was given to the respondents was validated by the
experts in the field, a mathematics professor from the graduate school of
Universidad de Zamboanga, a mathematics professor from the School of
Allied Medicine of Universidad de Zamboanga, and the assistant principal of
Universidad de Zamboanga – High School and a mathematics instructions
specialist.
They were asked to validate the questionnaire. Moreover, all the

comments and suggestions were followed and reflected in the instrument.
After conducting a pilot testing on the grade 10 students of Arturo Eustaquio
Memorial Science High School, the researcher did an item analysis in all
mathematics test questions. The research instrument was validated and was
used to gather data. In obedience to research etiquettes, the researcher has
acquired a well-versed agreement from the respondents specifying their
awareness to the purpose of the study, their settlement to take part as
respondents; their agreement to record the scores, their free will to divulge
or not to reveal data, their choice to discontinue their involvement anytime
if they do not feel at ease, their right to be informed of the outcome of the
research, the benefits they will acquire if there will be any as a result of the
research, and their right to privacy of data and anonymity of their identity. In
the course of the pre-test and post-test, no images displaying their
appearances were taken during the conduct of the study.
The researcher sought permission for the conduct of the study

from the Vice-President of Universidad de Zamboanga through the School
Principal of Universidad de Zamboanga –Technical High School. When
approval was granted, the researcher conducted the pilot testing to the
Grade 10 students of Arturo Eustaquio Memorial Science High School to
perform the item analysis for validating the test questions. The pre-test was
given to the grade 10 students of UZTHS. After collecting the pre-test, the
researcher started to conduct regular classroom instruction to the control
group and the experimental group. Every after the regular class, the
researcher sends the URL of the YouTube video tutorial to the experimental
group. After one week of regular class instruction, the post-test was given to
the Grade 10 students of UZ-THS. After the collection of data, the right
57
statistical tool was used to prove the effectiveness of the YouTube tutorial
videos as a supplement for enhancing the students’ understanding of
mathematics in the teaching and learning process.
This section focuses on the presentation, analysis, and

interpretation of the data gathered that sought to answer the statement of
the problem.
Problem 1: What is the pretest and posttest scores of the students in

Mathematics in the experimental and control group?
Table 1
Pretest and Posttest Scores of the Students in Mathematics
Group Mean Lowest Highest

Remarks SD
Scores Score Score
Experimental Group Pre-test 7.39 3 17 2.74
Increase
Post-test 25.03 15 29 3.03
Control Group Pre-test 7.76 2 13 2.96
Increase
Post-test 21.66 13 29 3.88
Table 1 shows the pre-test and post-test scores of the students both
in the experimental and control group. The mean scores for pre-test in the
experimental and control group are 7.39 and 7.76 respectively. The table also
shows the mean scores of their post-test, for the experimental group, which
shows 25.03 and 21.66 for the control group. As displayed in table 2, there is
an increase in the scores of the respondents using the lecture method with
cooperative learning strategy and with the use of YouTube tutorial videos.
Both groups obtained the same highest score in the post-test.
This implies that whether using lecture method with cooperative

learning strategy and with the use of YouTube tutorial videos, the learning
acquisition of both groups are the same.
Anderson et al. (2010) conducted a study with undergraduate

students and professors to understand the YouTube phenomenon.
Anderson pointed that the experience of students learning from YouTube
videos was parallel to that of teachers trying to integrate literacy and
everyday knowledge from textbooks and classrooms, but YouTube was not
“burdensome.” The process of using YouTube to inspire students was
productive. Chenail (2011) offered a compiled review of YouTube as a
qualitative research asset. Chenail believed that there is a great potential in
YouTube to produce and share reusable learning resources. “The ease at
which users can upload and download their original videos to YouTube
58
makes it more possible today for this sharing and reusing of quality resources
to become a reality.”
Problem 2: Is there a significant difference in the scores of the students in

Mathematics between the experimental and control group?
Table 2
Significant Difference in the Pretest and Posttest Scores of the Students in
Mathematics between the Control and Experimental Group
Mean
t-value P-value Remarks Decision on Ho
Scores
Experimental Pre-test 7.39 -28.967 0.000 Significant Reject Ho
Table 2 shows the significant difference in the pre-test and post-

test scores of the students in mathematics between the control and
experimental group. As reflected in the table, when scores in the
experimental group were compared, it resulted in a t-value of -28.967 with a
P-value of 0.000. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance, this
means that there is a significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores
of the students in the experimental group. This implies that the scores of the
students vary. The post-test scores are higher compared to the students’ pre
test scores.
It can be inferred that students’ scores have increased with the help
of YouTube tutorial videos, attesting that YouTube tutorial videos could also
support the learning process of the learners.
In like manner, when scores in the control group were compared, it

yielded a t-value of -16.103 with a P-value of 0.000. Since the P-value is less
than 0.05 level of significance, this means that there is a significant difference
in the pretest and posttest scores of the students in the control group. This
can be deduced that the scores of the students differ. The post-test scores
are higher compared to the students’ pre-test scores.
This also implies that the classroom-based instruction using the

lecture method and cooperative learning strategy could normally give a usual
result that students will improve after having a traditional learning process.
According to Bruce G. Charlton, MD (2006), the deficiency of an

established underlying principle for the process gives the impression to make
individuals guilty through talks or lecture methods. At best they are taken for
granted (but without any attempts to understand or improve them), at worst
trials are completed to substitute lessons just about everything else, even
when options concerning small group lessons, sessions, or tutorials are
59
impractical and high-priced in a large quantity higher education system. Even

bizarre signs for instance leaving actual teaching all in all and receiving a circle
of learners to self-teach themselves are observed by certain educators as an
enhancement on lessons. But possibly the utmost substantial indication of
lectures’ efficiency originates from what those do, somewhat than what
those say, since expressed-opinions have insufficient costs or consequences
are consequently are a less reliable guide to the first choice than lived-
choices. He found out those greatly substantial that lectures are particularly
used in lessons the greatest quantitative and orderly sciences, and for
thorough professional training developments such as medicine, engineering,
and law – lectures are less used (and less significant) in the arts and
humanities such as writings and philosophy. In addition to this, lessons are
the emphasis of teaching in precisely the circumstances where transmitting
knowledge is best vital, and in topics where wisdom is most simply and
authentically quantifiable. Certainly, lectures will only become so distant, and
distinct teaching by ‘apprenticeship’ reinforced by self-directed study keeps
on essential for learning particular and great level abilities. It is remarkable
that, despite the growing best of substitutes, the great mainstream of
learners continue to enroll in attendance-based and residential universities
where lectures are a main approach of teaching. And, when at university,
they typically show up for lectures, even when the lectures are not required,
and even when on paper hand-outs or records are accessible.
Since the time on task was carefully monitored, the higher

academic performance of the students in the cooperative learning condition
suggests that cooperative learning is more effective than individualistic
learning. (The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning con by Chin‐min Hsiung,
2013)
Moreover, when post-test scores in the experimental and control

group were compared, it produced a t-value of -3.769 with a P-value of 0.000.
Since the P-value is less than 0.05 level of significance, this means that there
is a significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores of the students
in the control group, thus the null hypothesis is rejected. This can be deduced
that the scores of the students differ. The post-test scores are higher
compared to the students’ pre-test scores.
Conclusion
This research examined the effectiveness of YouTube tutorial

videos among UZ-THS students by collecting the score results of the pre-test
and post-test of the two different groups, the experimental and control
group. As mentioned earlier, the purpose of this study is to focus on the
effectiveness of YouTube as an online video instruction to be used by the
teacher in mathematics courses.
60
The following conclusions can be drawn from the results that were
taken from the pre-test and post-test of the students using YouTube tutorial
videos and with those students in the classroom-based instruction: The mean
gained scores of the pre-test and post-test of the students in the control
group is just the same with the mean gained scores of the pre-test and post-
test of the students in the experimental group; The students watching
YouTube tutorial videos have the same learning acquisition and assessment
results as students in the classroom-based instruction with the use of
traditional teaching methodology and strategy, which means that YouTube
tutorial videos are effective in the learning process of the learner and can be
used as an alternative learning environment.
Recommendations
On the basis of the findings and conclusion of the study, the

following recommendations are offered:
For the School Principal
Since the findings of the study reveal that YouTube is effective as a

learning environment, it is recommended that the school principal can
establish an educational channel for each course that contains videos to
explain the topics and contents and enhance more shared communications
between faculty members and students. It can be highly recommended to
schools offering an Alternative Learning System for ease of access of the
students in flexible learning. Time can be maximized in learning and will be
more hassle-free on the students having a hard time visiting the school.
For the Faculty Members
Since the findings of the study reveal that the acquisition of both
learners from the experimental group and control group are the same, then
faculty members can integrate YouTube tutorial videos in the learning plan
and can also be used before the classroom-based instruction, so that the
teacher will only be following up the students’ prior knowledge and will no
longer be spoon-feeding the learners. A good selection of videos is needed
to help support the advanced learning of the students which means a
thorough evaluation is necessary so that the teachers could make sure that
the students will understand the lesson.
For the Students
Since the result of the study reveal that learners are more engaged
in using the internet, the students can use YouTube to form an e-learning
61
community, where learners can have a home-based learning and YouTube

comment section could generate brief online discussion.
References
Berk, R. A. (2009). Multimedia teaching with video clips: TV, movies,

YouTube, mtvU in the college classroom. International Journal of
Technology in Teaching and Learning, 5(1), 1-21.
Cayari, C. (2011). The youtube effect: how youtube has provided new ways to
consume, create, and share music. International Journal of
Education & The Arts, 12(6), 1-28.
Charlton BG. Lectures are an effective teaching method because they exploit
human evolved 'human nature' to improve learning - Editorial.
Medical Hypotheses 2006; 67: 1261-5.
Chau, C. (2010). Youtube as a participatory culture. New Directions for Youth

Development, 128, 65-74.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed

Methods Approaches (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Dreon, O., Kerper, R. M., & Landis, J. (May 2011). Digital Storytelling: a tool for
teaching and learning in the youtube generation. Middle School
Journal, 4-10.
Haridakis, P. & Hanson, G. (2009). Social interaction and co-viewing with

youtube: blending mass communication reception and social
connection. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 317-
335.
H.L. (2017, October 30). SAMR Model Explained. Retrieved from

https://www.schoology.com/blog/samr-model-practical-guide-
edtech-integration
Kelly (2016, March 1). Instructional Design by Kelly. The Rat Model. Retrieved
from
https://instructionaldesignbykelly.wordpress.com/2016/03/01/the-
rat-model/
Mandy Morgan (2015, June 28). 21st Century Learning: How online videos
enhance education at home and in the classroom. Retrieved from
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https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865631523/21st-century-
learning-How-online-videosenhance-education-at-home-and-in-
the-classroom.html
Niess, M. L., & Walker, J. M. (2009). This rock ‘n’ roll video teaches math.
Learning and leading with technology, 36(8), 36-37.
Roodt, S. & Peier, D. (2013). Using youtube in the classroom for the net
generation of students. Issues in Informing Science and
Information Technology, 10, 473-487.
Rovai, A. P., Baker, J. D., & Ponton, M. K. (2014). Social Science Research
Design and Statistics. Chesapeake, VA: Watertree Press LLC.
Snelson, C. (2011). YouTube across the disciplines: a review of the literature.

MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(1), 159-169.
Sweeny, R. W. (2009). There’s no ‘I’ in YouTube: social media networked

identity and art education. International Journal of Education
Through Art, 5(2/3), 201-212.
Tinti-Kane, H. (April 2013). Overcoming hurdles to social media in education.

EDUCAUSE review online, founding at
www.educause.edu/overcoming-hurdles-social-media-education
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INTERNATIONAL EDITORS/CONSULTANTS Madelyn F.

Research and Publication Unit (RPU)

Book Cover and Design: Ms. Radzhata K.

Radzhata K. Sawadjaan All rights reserved.

Melchor B. Brillantes, PhD

The editorial board requires a standardized format and

All papers submitted for publication will be sent to the panel

A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON HOG RAISING IN TALON- 7

PREDILECTION ON ONLINE GROCERY STORE IN 17

FLIPPED CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AS A TEACHING 27

ALIGNMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STRANDS TO 41

YOUTUBE TUTORIAL VIDEOS AMONG UNIVERSIDAD 53

The business research was conducted to determine the feasibility of

Keywords: Flower shop, socio-economic impact, demand-supply gap, return-

The Flower arrangement can express more convincingly the

The business research was conducted to determine the feasibility

1. This study seeks to determine the viability of establishing a flower

Several tools were employed in gathering the needed information

Preparation of the questionnaire. The researcher considered some

Validation of the questionnaire. To facilitate the first draft of the

Administration of the questionnaire. The researcher personally

A personal interview was conducted by the researcher to cross-

Records from the National Statistics Office show that there is an

Results and Discussion

The SWOT Analysis

Weaknesses. As to placement, competitors are practically located

Opportunities. The project has offered quantifiable and non-

Based on the results, under normal conditions (Case 0), the

Case Payback Period ROI Net Present Value

The Demand and Supply of Flowers

The demand for flowers is growing tremendously as more

c. On Facilities and Equipment

There are enough Office Equipment, Office Furniture &

The Socio-Economic benefits in establishing a flower shop in Zamboanga

Conclusions and Recommendations

The study revealed that establishing a flower shop in Zamboanga

Commission on Elections, No. of Registered Voters 1998

Department of Tourism Handbooks,1998 edition

Estolano, M.P, Latonio, A.S, and Monta, F.D.(1999) Introduction to Statistics,

Muro V. (1989). Preparing Project Feasibility Studies in the Philippines Business

Saldana C. G (1985). Financial Management in the Philippines Setting. AFA Publications,

The New Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language (1996)

Keywords: Hog raising, quality hogs, innovative approach, agri-business

T he proposed a small-sized backyard hog raising business shall take the

The proposed will be owned and managed by a sole proprietor. This

As the farm continuously operates, environmental issues will arise

The proponent will comply with the proper waste disposal to

Hogs are domestic animals raised by most people here in the

Hog raising in the Philippines has been a profitable business for

If Three Kings Hog Raisers materializes soon, this company will

This hog farm will create an environmentally friendly identity by

harming and distorting others. Ecologically implies that Livestock production

The name of the proposed business will be “HOG RAISING”. The

The proposed business study will be located at Barangay Talon-

The proposed location is chosen considering the type and size of

The proposed business will be owned and managed by a single

The establishment of the HOG RAISING aims to:

1. establish a hog raising and fattening business in the backyard as a

2. produce quality hogs to the target market as an answer to the