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02 Sheet Best Fit Line

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19 views21 pages

02 Sheet Best Fit Line

Uploaded by

freepcgame75
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Email: [email protected]
Tel: 098-767-3030
What is Spreadsheet?

A spreadsheet is a table of
values or data arranged in rows
and columns.
Spreadsheet Design

A good design for your spreadsheet makes it


easy for you:
• to read the data
• to understand the point of the sheet
• to use the sheet's information
• to update the sheet
• to spot the important parts quickly
Analyze a spreadsheet
To analyze the effectiveness of a spreadsheet's design use the
following questions about the spreadsheet.

With good design you can answer these easily. A poor or bad
design makes it hard or impossible.

1. Purpose: What is it for? What questions does it answer?


2. Data: What data is used and where did it come from?
3. Calculations: How did they do that? (What parts are
calculated and what formulas are used to do the calculations?)
4. Changes: Does this sheet allow you to add or change data
later? Is that important for this particular sheet? Will it be easy
to do?
Bad Design: Example #1
What's wrong with the spreadsheet below?
Try to answer the analysis questions: Purpose, Data,
Calculations, Changes
Bad Design: Example #1

What's wrong?

ØNo titles to tell you what this sheet is about

ØNo column labels to explain all the numbers

ØNot clear whether any of the numbers are calculated

ØThe numbers in the last two columns are hard to read


and compare to each other because they are not lined
up on the decimal point
Bad Design: Example #1
Simple Solution:
Adding somesimple titles and labels makes the spreadsheet
much more understandable, as the version below shows.
Now can you answer any of the analysis questions?
Bad Design: Example #1
Even Better Solution: Some formatting and expanded labels
and titles will help even more, as the next illustration shows.
Can you answer the analysis questions?
Bad Design: Example #2
Here is a design problem common when rows and columns
are both being calculated.

Can you answer the analysis questions above for this sheet?
Bad Design: Example #2

What's wrong?

ØWhat formulas? Row 8 and Column F look


like they could be calculations

ØIs cell F8 related to the row values, the column


values, or something else?
Bad Design: Example #2

Solution
üUse formatting for F8 that matches the source
data

üAdd labels and other formatting to group related


cells. In the revised sheet you can see that F8 is
the SUM of Row 8
üThe right color coding and labels make all clear
Bad Design: Example #2
Design Principles

vEasy to read: Choose fonts and backgrounds and colors for


good contrast and easy reading. Consider how the sheet will
look in print as well as on screen
vLogical positions: Position data is logically, both for
reading and for entering data

vDescribe: Create helpful labels and titles that make the


purpose and function of the sheet clear

vImportant parts: Position and format the key values, like


totals, to make them stand out from the crowd of data
Design Principles
vChanges: Arrange the sheet so that adding new data will not
break formulas. Surround data groups that may have additions
later by blank cells and write formulas that include the blanks. Or
use absolute references to cells that will not be moved if data is
added

vOriginal data: Use copies or links to original data for actions that
may be hard to undo, such as sorting and subtotals. This preserves
the original data for other uses later

vFuture: Think ahead to the future uses of your sheet. Anticipate the
needs of other people who may use your sheet without knowing all
that you know about it
Best-fit Line

A best fit line is a straight line that is the best


approximation of the given set of data
A more accurate way of finding the best fit line
is the least square method
Equation of Best-fit Line

What is the equation of the line?


y = mx + c
where m is the slope of the
line and c is the intercept
Rise
Rise
Step m=
c Step
Equation of Best-fit Line

Use the following steps to find the equation of line of best


fit for a set of ordered pairs (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xn, yn)

Step 1: Calculate the mean of the x-values and


the mean of the y-values
n n

∑x i ∑y i
X = i =1
Y = i =1
n n
Equation of Best-fit Line
Step 2: Calculate the slope of the line using formula:
n

∑( x i
−X )( y −Y )
i
m= i =1
n
2
∑( x i
−X )
i =1

Step 3: Compute the y-intercept of the line by using


the formula:
c = Y − mX
Example of Best-fit Line (for Prediction)
A high school principal The number of students who drop out of high school
250
wants to predict the number
of students who will drop 217
202
N = -10Y + 20256
199
out of school so he can get 200 185
180
funding for support services 163

Use Best-fit Line Method to


150
?
help him predict the number
100
of students who will drop 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
YEAR
out in 2012?
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 … 2012
The number of students
who drop out of school
217 202 199 185 180 163 … ?
Example of Best-fit Line (for Prediction)

Ø Much data is needed


for accurate prediction
Ø Prediction model using
best-fit line is for short-
term only (near future)
Equation of Best-fit Line

x 2 3 5 7 9
y 4 5 7 10 15
16

Use the least square 14

method to determine the 12

equation of line of best fit 10

for the data. Then plot the 8

best-fit line. 6

2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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