Name Aaron Gosein Class 4th Date 10/7/24

CLOUDS
Clouds are an important part of the water cycle. The
water cycle is the movement of water from the Earth into the
sky and then back down to Earth again. Did you know that
over 70% of the Earth is covered in water? Water on Earth is in the form of salt
water (97%), the water that is found in the oceans and saltwater lakes, and fresh
water (3%), the water that is found in rivers, ponds, lakes, streams and
underground. The sun heats water on the surface of the Earth and causes it to
evaporate. Evaporation is the process when water moves from being a liquid to
being vapor. Water vapor is made up of tiny water droplets in the air. Water can
also move into the air through transpiration. Transpiration is the movement of
water out of plants. During photosynthesis, plants make oxygen and water. Water
then moves out of tiny holes on the leaves and into the air. The water vapor rises
up into the atmosphere, and as it cools, it condenses. When the water vapor
condenses it forms clouds. Precipitation happens when so much water vapor
condenses that the air cannot hold it anymore. The clouds get so heavy that
some of the water must fall back down to Earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail.
There are many different types of clouds. The type of cloud depends on
how high up in the atmosphere the water condenses. The atmosphere is the
blanket of air that covers the Earth.

Stratus clouds
Stratus clouds occur below 6,000 feet. These clouds look like flat sheets of
clouds and can mean an overcast or rainy day. These clouds are usually a
uniform color of gray, and cover most of the sky.
Cumulus clouds
Cumulus clouds are also below 6,000 feet and look like big fluffy balls of
cotton! They usually mean that the weather will be nice; however, sometimes
they can get very tall and turn into thunderheads. These clouds are usually flat
on the bottom, but have very lumpy tops. Cumulus clouds usually form alone,
and there is a lot of blue sky between different clouds.
Cirrus clouds
These wispy clouds usually form above 18,000 feet. Cirrus clouds
generally move from west to east. They form when water vapor forms ice
crystals, and they are so thin because of the height at which they form. There is
very little water vapor above 18,000 feet, and so big thick clouds cannot form.
These are the three main types of clouds that can form; however, there are
also several combination clouds.
 Combination Clouds

Stratocumulus clouds usually form below 6,000 feet, and usually form in
rows or patches, with blue sky in between. The color of stratocumulus clouds can
be from white to dark gray, but precipitation hardly ever falls from these clouds.
Nimbostratus clouds also form below 6,000 feet, and usually produce a
steady form of precipitation. Steady precipitation isn’t like a hard thunder shower,
but can instead last for several hours or even more than a day. Nimbostratus
clouds are so thick that you can’t see the sun or the moon through them.
Altostratus clouds form higher than stratocumulus or nimbostratus clouds.
They form between 6,000 and 20,000 feet. Altostratus clouds cover the entire sky
over a large area, and usually produce steady precipitation ahead of a storm.
You can see a bit of the sun through the clouds, but the sun will be hazy or
‘watery’. Even though you can see the sun, altostratus clouds do not let enough
sunlight through to produce shadows.
Altocumulus clouds also form between 6,000 and 20,000 feet. These
clouds look like puffy gray balls or blobs, and sometimes appear in rows. Part of
these clouds is usually darker than the rest, and this helps to set them apart from
higher cirrocumulus clouds. If you see these clouds on a hot summer morning it
often means that there will be thunderstorms in the afternoon.
Cirrostratus clouds form even higher than most altostratus and
altocumulus clouds, at above 18,000 feet. These clouds are so thin that you can
see the moon and the sun clearly. Sometimes you only know that there are
cirrostratus clouds in the sky because you can see a fuzzy halo around the sun
or the moon. This halo is caused because the ice crystals in the cloud bend the
light from the sun and the moon. Cirrostratus clouds usually mean that there will
be rain or snow within 24 hours.
Other mixed clouds that form high in the sky are cirrocumulus clouds. They
also form above 18,000 feet. They can look like small rounded puffs or cotton
balls, either alone or in rows. When the puffs are in rows, the sky has a rippling
look, and this is how you can tell that they are cirrocumulus clouds, and not cirrus
or cirrostratus clouds.
Finally, there are the cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are
thunderstorm clouds. The word nimbus or nimbo means precipitation producing
cloud. Nimbostratus clouds produce steady rain and cumulonimbus clouds
produce thunderstorms.
Clouds can be fluffy and white, or heavy and gray. They can bring rain and
snow, or day long drizzle. But whatever color or shape they come in, they still do
the same thing. They return water to the Earth, and they are an important part of
the water cycle.
 Questions on Clouds
1. How much of the Earth is covered in water?
Roughly 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water.
2. How is the water on Earth split up?
About 97% of the Earth's water is in the oceans, while the remaining 3% is freshwater found in
glaciers, lakes, rivers, and underground. Roughly 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water.
3. What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process by which a liquid, such as water, is converted into a gas or vapor. This
occurs when the molecules in the liquid gain enough energy to break free from the liquid's surface
and become a gas. Evaporation is an important part of the water cycle, where water from the
Earth's surface, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, is converted into water vapor and eventually
forms clouds.
What is the process called when water moves from plants into the air?
The process of water moving from plants into the air is called transpiration. It is a part of the water
cycle where water is absorbed by the roots of plants, travels through the plant, and is released into
the atmosphere through the plant's leaves.
4. Describe the water cycle. Include how water moves into the air and back to Earth.
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the
atmosphere. It includes processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. Water
evaporates from the Earth's surface, forms clouds, falls back to the Earth as precipitation, and
eventually returns to bodies of water. Additionally, transpiration is the process of water moving
from plants into the air as part of the water cycle.
5. What is the atmosphere?
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth and is held in place by the force of
gravity. It is composed of various gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others.
The atmosphere plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and protecting the planet
from harmful radiation from the sun. Additionally, it is where weather phenomena occur, such as
the formation of clouds, precipitation, and the movement of air masses.
6. Describe the three main cloud types.
a) Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds found at high altitudes and are often associated with
fair weather.
b) Cumulus clouds are puffy, white clouds with flat bases, and they usually indicate good
weather.
c) Stratus clouds are low, gray clouds that cover the sky like a blanket and can bring light
rain or drizzle.
7. What cloud types occur above 18,000 feet? Include mixed types in your answer.
Cloud types that occur above 18,000 feet include cirrus clouds, cirrostratus clouds, and
cirrocumulus clouds

8. What happens with nimbostratus clouds?

Nimbostratus clouds bring steady, widespread precipitation, ranging from light drizzle to heavy rain
or snow. They create overcast and gloomy weather conditions and often form ahead of warm
fronts.

9. If you see altocumulus clouds on a summer morning, what do you think might
happen in the afternoon?
Altocumulus clouds on a summer morning may indicate the possibility of afternoon thunderstorms
due to atmospheric instability.
 10. You have been waiting all summer for the first snowfall. It’s almost here! What type
of cloud will tell you that snow may be coming, and from what type of cloud will
snow fall?
The type of cloud that may indicate that snow is coming is a nimbostratus cloud. Snow typically
falls from nimbostratus clouds.

11. What do the words nimbo and nimbus mean?

The words nimbo and nimbus refer to clouds that produce precipitation, like rain or snow.