PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

Question 1.
State the sample space for the following random experiments:
(1) A balanced coin is thrown three times.

(2) A balanced die with six sides and a balanced coin are tossed together.

Ans: (1) U = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

(2) U = {(1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H), (1, T), (2, T), (3, T), (4, T), (5,T), (6, T)}

Q 2: Write the sample space for randomly selecting one minister and one deputy minister from
four persons.

Ans: Suppose, four persons are denoted by a, b, c and d. Firstly, one minister can be selected
in 4C1 ways than secondly one deputy minister can be selected in 3C1 ways.
∴ Total number of selections = 4C1 × 3C1
=4×3
= 12

Hence, the sample space for randomly selecting one minister and one deputy minister from four
persons is expressed as follows:
U = {(a, b), (a, c), (a, d), (b, a), (b, c), (b, d), (c, a), (c, b), (c, d), (d, a), (d, b), (d, c)}.

Q3: A balanced coin in thrown in a random experiment till the first head is obtained. The
experiment is terminated with a trial of first head. Write the sample space of this experiment and
state whether it is finite or infinite.
Answer:
U = (H, TH, TTH, TTTH, …}
The sample space of this experiment is infinite.

Q4: Write the sample space for the experiment of randomly selecting three numbers from the first
five natural numbers.
Answer:
First five natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The number of ways of selecting three numbers from
these five numbers is 5C3 = 5×4×33×2×1 = 10.

U = {(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 4, 5), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 4, 5), (3, 4, 5)}.

Q5: The sample space of a random experiment of selecting a number is U = {1, 2, 3,…, 20}. Write
the sets showing the following events:
(1) The selected number is odd number.
(2) The selected number is divisible by 3.
(3) The selected number is divisible by 2 or 3.
Answer:
Here, U = {1, 2, 3, …….., 20}
(1) A = Event that the selected number is odd number.
∴ A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
(2) B = Event that the selected number is divisible by 3
∴ B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}

(3) C = Event that the selected number is divisible by 2 or 3

∴ C = (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20}

Question 6.
One family is selected from the families having two children. The sex (male or female) of the
children from this family is noted. State the sample space of this experiment and write the sets
showing the following events:
(1) Event A1 = One child is a female
(2) Event A2 = At least one child is a female
Answer:
Here, let B = child is male; G = child is female.
The sample space of selecting one family from the families having two children is expressed as
follows:
U = {(B, B), (B, G), (G, B), (G, G)}
(1) Event A1 = One child is a female
= {(B, G), (G, B)}

(2) Event A2 = At least one child is a female

= {(B, G), (G, B), (G, G)}

Question 7.
Two six faced balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. State the sample space of this random
experiment and hence write the sets showing the following events:
(1) Event A1 = The sum of numbers on the dice is 7.
(2) Event A1 = The sum of numbers on the dice is less than 4.
(3) Event A3 = The sum of numbers on the dice is divisible by 3.
(4) Event A4 = The sum of numbers on the dice is more than 12.
Answer:
Two six faced balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. Hence, the sample space of this experiment
is expressed as follows:
U = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),
(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}

(1) Event A1 = The sum of numbers on the dice is 7

= {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4)’ (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)}

(2) Event A2 = The sum of numbers on the dice is less than 4, i.e., 2 or 3
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)}

(3) Event A3 = The sum of numbers on the dice is divisible by 3

= {(1, 2), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 6), (4, 2), (4, 5), (5, 1), (5, 4), (6, 3), (6, 6)}

(4) Event A4 = The sum of numbers on the dice is more than 12 = { } OR Φ

Question 8.
Two numbers are selected at random from the first five natural numbers. The sum of two selected
numbers is at least 6 is denoted by event A and the sum of two selected numbers is even is
denoted by event B. Write the sets showing the following events and answer the given questions:
(1) ∪
Answer:
The total number of ways of selecting two numbers at random from the first five natural numbers 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 is
5C = 5×42×1 = 10
2
U = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

(2) A
Answer:
Event A = The sum of two selected numbers is at least 6
= {(1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

(3) B
Answer:
Event B = The sum of two selected numbers is even
= {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 5)}

(4) A ∪ B
Answer:
Event A ∪ B = The sum of two selected numbers is at least 6 or even.
= {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2. 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

(5) A ∩ B
Answer:
Event A ∩ B = The sum of two selected numbers is at least 6 and even.
= {(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 5)}

(6) A
Answer:
Event A’ = The sum of two selected numbers is at the most 6.
=U–A
= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3)}

(7) A – B
Answer:
Event A – B = The sum of two selected numbers is at least 6 but not even.
= Event A occurs but event B does not occur.
= A – (A ∩ B) = A ∩ B’
= {(2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

(8) A’ ∩ B
Answer:
Event A’ ∩ B = The sum of two selected number is not at least 6 but even.
= Even A does not occur but event B occurs.
= B – (A ∩ B) = B – A
= {(1, 3)}
(9) Can it be said that the events A and B are mutually exclusive? Give reason.
Answer:
A ∩ B ≠ Φ. Hence, events A and B are not mutually exclusive events.

(10) State the number of sample points in the sample space of this random experiment.
Answer:
Number of sample points = 10

Q A balanced coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of the following events:
(1) Getting all three heads
(2) Not getting a single head
(3) Getting at least one head
(4) Getting more than one head
(5) Getting at the most one head
(6) Getting less than two heads
(7) Getting head and tail alternately
(8) Getting more number of heads than tails.
Answer:
A balanced coin is tossed three times. So the total number of primary outcomes of its sample space
is = n = 23 = 8.
U = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, THT, HTT, TTH, TTT}

(1) A = Event of getting all three heads.

A = {HHH}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is m = 1.
Hence, P(A) = m/n = 1/8

(2) B = Event of not getting a single head

B = {TTT}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event B is m = 1.
Hence, P(B) = m/n = 1/8

(4) C = Event of getting more than one head.

C = {THT, HTT, TTH, TTT}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event C is m = 4.
Hence, P(C) = m/n = 4/8 = 1/2

(5) D = Event of getting at the most one head, i.e., 0 or 1 head

D = {THT, HTT, TTH, TTT}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event D is m = 4.
Hence, P(D) = m/n = 4/8 = 1/2

(6) E = Event of getting less than two heads,

i. e., 0 or 1 head = D
∴ P(E) = P(D) = 1/2

(7) F = Event of getting head and tail alternatively

F = {HTH, THT}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event F is m = 2.
Hence, P(F) = m/n = 2/8 = ¼
(8) G = Event of getting more number of heads than tails.
G = {THT, HTT, TTH, TTT}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event G is m = 4.
Hence, P(G) = m/n = 4/8 = ½

Q : Two balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of the following events:
(1) The sum of numbers on the dice is 6.
(2) The sum of numbers on the dice is not more than 10.
(3) The sum of numbers on the dice is a multiple of 3.
(4) The product of numbers on the dice is 12.
Answer:
Two balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. So the sample space for this random experiment Is
expressed as follows:
U ((1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3,
4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4: 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6,
2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ Total number of primary outcomes of U is
n = 36

(1) A = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice is 6.

A = {( 1, 5), (2. 4), (3, 3), (4, 2). (5. 1))
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is m = 5.
Hence, P(A) = m/n = 5/36
(2) (2) B = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice is more than 10.
∴ B’ = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice is not more than 10.
B = {(5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event B is m = 3.
Hence P(B) = m/n = 3/36 = 1/12
∴ P(B’) = 1 – P(B)
= 1 – 1/12 = 11/12
(3) (3) C = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice is a multiple of 3, i.e.,
3, 6, 9 or 12
C = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1), (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3),
(6, 6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event C is m = 12
Hence, P(C) = m/n = 12/36 = 1/3
(4) (4) D = Event that the product of the numbers on the dice is 12
D = {(2, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, 2)}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event D is m = 4
Hence, P(D) = m/n = 4/36 = 1/9

Q : 2 cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that both the cards drawn
are
(1) of the same suit,
(2) of the same colour.
Answer:
Total number of primary outcomes of drawing 2 cards from a pack of 52 cards is
n = 52C2 = 52×512×1 = 1326

(1) A = Event that the two cards are of the same suit, i.e., two spade cards or two club cards or
two heart cards or two diamond cards.
In a pack of 52 cards each suit has 13 cards.
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is
m = 13C2 + 13C2 + 13C2 + 13C2
= 4[13C2] = 4[13×122×1]
= 4 (78)
= 312
Hence, P(A) = m/n = 312/1326 = 4/17

(2) B = Event that two cards are of the same colour, i.e., two black cards or two red cards.
In a pack of 52 cards, there are 26 black cards and 26 red cards.
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event B is
m = 26C2 + 26C2 = 2 [26C2]
= [26×252×1]
= 2 [325]
= 650
Hence, P(B) = m/n = 650/1326 = 25/51

Question .
3 books of Statistics and 4 of Mathematics are arranged on a shelf. Two books are randomly
selected from these books. Find the probability that both the books selected are of the same
subject.
Answer:
On a self there are 3 books of Statistics + 4 books of Mathematics = 7 books.
Total number of primary outcomes of selecting 2 books randomly from 7 books is,
n = 7C2 = 7×62×1 = 21.
A = Event that selected two books are of the same subject, i.e., 2 books of Statistics or 2 books of
Mathematics.
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is
m = 3C2 + 4C2
= 3×22×1 + 4×32×1
=3+6
=9
Hence, P(A) = m/n = 9/21 = 3/7

Question .
One card is randomly drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that it is
(1) spade card or ace
(2) neighter spade nor ace.
Answer:
Total number of primary outcomes or drawing one card randomly from a pack of 52 cards is n
= 52C1 = 52

(1) A = Event that the card drawn is spade card

∴ m = 13C1 = 13
∴ P(A) = m/n = 13/52
B = Event that the card drawn is ace
∴ m = 4C1 = 4
∴ P(B) = 4/52
A ∩ B = Event that the card is spade ace.
∴m=1
∴ P[B) = m/n = 1/52
Now, A ∪ B = Event that the card is spade card or ace.
∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= 13/52+4/52−1/52
= 16/52 = 4/13

(2) A’ = Event that the card is not spade card

B’ = Event that the card is not ace card.
Now, A’ ∩ B’ = Event that the card is neither spade nor ace.
∴ P(A’ ∩ B’) = P(A ∪ B)’
= 1 – P(A ∪ B)
= 1 – 4/13
= 9/13

Question .
A number is selected from the natural number 1 to 100. Find the probability of the event that
the selected number is a multiple of 3 or 5.
Answer:
Here, U = {1, 2, 3, ………… 100}
A number is selected from U.
∴ n = 100C1 = 100
A = Event that the number selected is multiple of 3
= {3, 6, 9, 12, …, 96, 99}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is m = 33.
∴ p(A) = m/n = 33/100

B = Event that the number selected is multiple of 5

= (5, 10, 15, 20, …, 95, 100}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event B is m = 20.
∴ p(B) = m/n = 20/100

A ∩ B = Event that the number selected is multiple of 3 and 5, i.e., multiple of 15

= {15, 30,…, 75, 90}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A ∩ B is
m = 6.
∴ P(A ∩ B) = m/n = 6/100

Now, (A ∪ B) = Event that the number selected is multiple of 3 or 5.

∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= 33/100+20/100−6/100
= 53−6/100 = 47/100
Question

Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year ?

Solution

Step 1: Determine the possible outcomes

We know that, the total number of days in a leap year =366

Since there are complete 52 weeks=364 days in a year,

So, the occurrence of 52 Fridays in a year is confirmed.

Now, since there are 366-364=2 extra days in a leap year.

Then, there are only two possibilities that one of these two days is a Friday.

i.e., (Thursday, Friday) and (Friday, Saturday)

Step 2: Apply the formula of probability

Here, it is clear that,

Total possible outcomes =(Monday, Tuesday), (Tuesday, Wednesday),(Wednesday, Thursday),

(Thursday, Friday), (Friday, Saturday) ,(Saturday, Sunday) and (Sunday, Monday)

⇒ Total possible outcomes =7

And, the number of favourable outcomes =2

∵ Probability of an event =number of favourable outcomes /total possible outcomes

⇒ Probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year =2/7

Hence, the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year is 2/7.

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY:
Question 1 .
There are two children in a family. If the first child is a girl then find the probability that both the
children in the family are girls.
Answer:
Let, B = Boy and G = Girl.
∴ The sample space for the family having two children is expressed as follows:
U = {BB, BG, GB, GG}
∴n=4
A = Event that first child is a girl
= {GB, GG}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is m = 2.
∴ P(A) = m/n = 2/4 = 1/2
B = Event that both the children are girls = {GG}
∴ Favourable outcome for the event B is m = 1.
P(B) = m/n = 1/4
A ∩ B = Event that both children are girls Event B
∴ P(A ∩ B) = P(B) = 1/4
Now, B|A = Conditional event that first child is a girl, then second child is also a girl.
∴ P(B|A) = P(A∩B)/P(A)
= 1/4/1/2 = 1/4×2/1 = 1/2

Question 2.
Two six-faced balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. If the sum of numbers on both the dice
is more than 7 then find the probability that both the dice show same numbers.
Answer:
Two six-faced balanced dice are thrown simultaneously.
∴ Total number of primary outcomes n = 62
= 36
A = Event that the sum of numbers on both the dice is more than 7, i.e., 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12
= {(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2), (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6,
6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A is m = 15.
∴ p(A) = m/n = 15/36
B = Event that both the dice show same numbers
= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes. for the event B is m = 6.
A ∩ B = Event that the sum of numbers on both the dice is more than 7 and both the dice show
same numbers
= {(4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes for the event A ∩ B is m = 3.
∴ P(A ∩ B) = m/n = 3/36
Now, B | A = Conditional event B knowing that the sum of numbers on both the dice is more than
7.
According to law of conditional Probability
p(B|A) = P(A∩B)P(A)
= 3/36/15/36 = 3/36×36/15 = 1/15

Question 3.
Among the various vehicle owners visiting a petrol pump, 80% vehicle owners visit to fill petrol in
their vehicle and 60% vehicle owners visit to fill air in their vehicles. 50 % vehicle owners visit to
fill air and petrol in their vehicle. Find the probability for the following events:
(1) If a vehicle owner has come to fill petrol in his vehicle, then that vehicle owner will fill air in
his vehicle.
(2) If a vehicle owner has come to fill air in his vehicle, then that vehicle owner will fill petrol in
his vehicle.
Answer:
A = Event that vehicle owners fill petrol in their vehicles
∴ P(A) = 80/100 = 4/5
B = Event that vehicle owners fill air in their vehicles
∴ P(B) = 60/100 = 3/5
A ∩ B = Event that vehicle owners fill both petrol and air in their vehicles
∴ P(A ∩ B) = 50/100 = 1/2

(1) B|A = Conditional event B knowing that vehicle owners visited the petrol pump to fill the
petrol in their vehicles
According to law of conditional probability,
P(B|A) = P(A∩B)/P(A)
= 1/2/4/5 = 1/2×5/4 = 5/8

(2) A | B = Conditional event A knowing that vehicle owners visited the petrol pump to fill air in
their vehicle.
According to law of conditional probability,
P(A|B) = P(A∩B)/P(A)
= 5/6

Question 4.
80 % customers hold saving account and 50% customers hold current account of a nationalised
bank. 90% of the customers hold at least one of the saving account and the current account. If
one of the account holders randomly selected from this bank holds a current account, find the
probability that he holds a saving account.
Answer:
A = Event that the customers hold the saving account
∴ P(A) = 80/100 = 4/5
B = Event that the customers hold the current account
∴ P(B) = 50/100 = 1/2
A ∪ B = Event that the customers hold at least one of the saving account and the current account
∴ P(A ∪ B) = 90/100 = 9/10
A ∩ B = Event that the customers hold both the saving and current accounts
Now, P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
∴ 910 = 4/5+1/2 – P(A ∩ B)
∴ P(A ∩ B) =
= 2/5
A|B = Conditional event A knowing that the customers hold current account.
According to law of conditional probability.
p(B|A) = P(A∩B)/P(A)
= 4/5

Question 5.
If P(A) = 2/3, P(B) = 3/5 and P(B|A) = 3/4 for two events in the sample space of a random
experiment, then find P(A|B).
Answer:
Here, P(A) = 23, P(B) = 35 and P(B|A) = 34 are given.
p(B|A) = P(A∩B)P(A)
∴ P(A ∩ B) = P(B|A) – P(A)
= 3/4×2/3 = 1/2
Now, P(A|B) = P(A∩B)P(A)
= 1/2/3/5 = 1/2×5/3 = 5/6

Bayes’ Theorem Questions With Solutions

Question 1:
Three persons A, B and C have applied for a job in a private company. The
chance of their selections is in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. The probabilities that A, B
and C can introduce changes to improve the profits of the company are
0.8, 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. If the change does not take place, find the
probability that it is due to the appointment of C.
Solution:
Let E1: person A get selected
E2: person B get selected
E3: person C get selected
A: Changes introduced but profit not happened
Now, P(E1) = 1/(1+2+4) = 1/7
P(E2) = 2/7 and P(E3) = 4/7
P(A|E1) = P(Profit not happened by the changes introduces by A) = 1 –
P(Profit happened by the changes introduces by A) = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
P(A|E2) = P(Profit not happened by the changes introduces by B) = 1 –
P(Profit happened by the changes introduces by B) = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5
P(A|E3) = P(Profit not happened by the changes introduces by C) = 1 –
P(Profit happened by the changes introduces by C) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
We have to find the probability of not happening profit due to selection of C
7/10
Question 2:
A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random without replacement
and are found to be blue. What is the probability that all balls in the bag are
blue?
Solution:
Let E1 = Bag contains two blue balls
E2 = Bag contains three blue balls
E3 = Bag contains four blue balls
A = event of getting two white balls
P(E1) = P(E2) = P(E3) = ⅓
P(A|E1) = 2C2/4C2 = ⅙
P(A|E2) = 3C2/4C2 = ½
P(A|E3) = 4C2/4C2 = 1
Ans 3/5

Question 3:
In a neighbourhood, 90% children were falling sick due flu and 10% due to
measles and no other disease. The probability of observing rashes for
measles is 0.95 and for flu is 0.08. If a child develops rashes, find the child’s
probability of having flu.
Solution:
Let,
F: children with flu
M: children with measles
R: children showing the symptom of rash
P(F) = 90% = 0.9
P(M) = 10% = 0.1
P(R|F) = 0.08
P(R|M) = 0.95
Ans 0.43

Question 4:
There are three identical cards except that both the sides of the first card is
coloured red, both sides of the second card is coloured blue and for the
third card one side is coloured red and the other side is blue. One card is
randomly selected among these three cards and put down, visible side of
the card is red. What is the probability that the other side is blue?
Solution:
Let RR: card with both side red
BB: card with both side blue
RB: card with one side red and other side blue
A: event that the visible side of the chosen card is red
P(RR) = ⅓ , P(BB) = ⅓ and P(RB) = ⅓
By the P(A) = P(A|RR).P(RR) + P(A|BB).P(BB) + P(A|RB).P(RB)
∴ P(A) = 1 × ⅓ + 0 × ⅓ + ½ × ⅓ = ½
Ans 1/3

Question 5:
Three urns are there containing white and black balls; first urn has 3 white
and 2 black balls, second urn has 2 white and 3 black balls and third urn has
4 white and 1 black balls. Without any biasing one urn is chosen from that
one ball is chosen randomly which was white. What is probability that it
came from the third urn?
Solution:
Let E1 = event that the ball is chosen from first urn
E2 = event that the ball is chosen from second urn
E3 = event that the ball is chosen from third urn
A = event that the chosen ball is white
Then, P(E1) = P(E2) = P(E3) = ⅓.
P(A|E1) = 3/5
P(A|E2) = ⅖
P(A|E3) = ⅘
Ans 4/9
Question 6:
It is observed that 50% of mails are spam. There is a software that filters
spam mail before reaching the inbox. It accuracy for detecting a spam mail
is 99% and chances of tagging a non-spam mail as spam mail is 5%. If a
certain mail is tagged as spam find the probability that it is not a spam mail.
Solution:
Let E1 = event of spam mail
E2 = event of non-spam mail
A = event of detecting a spam mail
Now, P(E1) = 0.5 and P(E2) = 0.5
P(A|E1) = 0.99 and P(A|E2) = 0.05
Ans 5/104
Question 7:
A insurance company has insured 4000 doctors, 8000 teachers and 12000
businessmen. The chances of a doctor, teacher and businessman dying
before the age of 58 is 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. If one of the
insured people dies before 58, find the probability that he is a doctor.
Solution:
Let, E1 = event of a person being a doctor
E2 = event of a person being a teacher
E3 = event of a person being a businessman
A = event of death of an insured person
P(E1) = 4000/(4000+8000+12000) = ⅙
P(E2) = 8000/(4000+8000+12000) = ⅓
P(E3) = 12000/(4000+8000+12000) = ½
P(A|E1) = 0.01, P(A|E2) = 0.03 and P(A|E3) = 0.05
Ans 1/22
Question 8:
A card is lost from a pack of 52 cards. From the remaining cards two are
drawn randomly and found to be both clubs. Find the probability that the
lost card is also a clubs.
Solution:
Let E1 = Lost card is a club
E2 = lost card is not a club
A = both drawn cards are clubs
P(E1) = 13/52 = ¼ P(E2) = 39/52 = ¾
P(A|E1) = P(drawing both club cards when the lost card is a club) = 12/51 ×
11/50
P(A|E2) = P(drawing both club cards when the lost card is not a club) =
13/51 × 12/50
Ans 11/50
Question 9:
In shop A, 30 tin pure ghee and 40 tin adulterated ghee are kept for sale
while in shop B, 50 tin pure ghee and 60 tin adulterated ghee are there. One
tin of ghee is purchased from one of the shops randomly and it is found to
be adulterated. Find the probability that it is purchased from shop B.
Solution:
Let E1 = event of choosing shop A
E2 = event of choosing shop B
A = event of purchasing adultrated tin of ghee
P(E1) = ½ and P(E2) = ½
P(A|E1) = P(purchasing adultrated ghee from shop A) = 40/70 = 4/7
P(A|E2) = P(purchasing adultrated ghee from shop B) = 60/110 = 6/11
Ans 21/43