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TOTAL MARKS

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ASSIGNMENT
APRIL 2024 SESSION

Circuit Analysis
(BEE 1063) (MOD004271)

NAME : ALI DABO

MATRIC / STUDENT NO : BEEE23106382
DATE : 12/07/2024
LECTURER : DR HANIS FARHAH JAMAHORI

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

THIS PAPER CONTAINS SIX PRINTED PAGES (6) INCLUDING THE FRONT PAGE.
THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTES TO 20% OF THE FINAL MARKS.

FEEDBACK FROM LECTURER

FEEDBACK FROM STUDENT

The circuit analysis assignment was tough but really helped me understand the concepts
better. Some parts were tricky, but working through them improved my skills and It was
challenging
 MAHSA University

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Assignment brief

Program : Bachelor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering with Honours

Module Name : Circuit Analysis
Code : BEE 1063
Assignment : Individual assignment

Assignment submission guideline:

A Hard copy of the assignment signed by student with faculty cover sheet attached.
Also, assignment must be submitted in Microsoft word format or Pdf format to the submission
assignment provided on LMS.

Your lecture notes will give you the basic framework ONLY of the ideas, theories and
concepts you will need to complete the assignment. These notes will therefore NOT be
sufficient on their own. You will need to make use of the required reading, extra references
and any other material you come across in the course of researching your assignment. Only
academic references are accepted.

Late Submission
For any late submission without any good reasons, thus comply to the rules as per
mention below:
1 day late: 5 marks will be deducted from the mark achieved by the student
2 to 9 days late: a further 5 marks will be deducted from the mark achieved by the student for
each day the work remains unsubmitted
10 days late: a mark of zero will normally be recorded

Non-submission of work
Non-submission of work without extenuating circumstances will be counted as a non-
submission and marked as zero.

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Editorial/Presentation guidelines
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Spacing 1.5 lines spacing
Colour Depends on your report
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Table caption font is Times New Roman, size 10, Italic
Table number font is Times New Roman, size 10, bold
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Figure caption font is Times New Roman, size 10, Italic
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Within Figure (Axis) font is Times New Roman, size 10
Reference IEEE template (Not older than 2010)

Assignment Submission due date

Final submission:
Friday 22/07/2024
Assignment must be submitted through the submission link provided on LMS

Marking
This assignment counts 20% marks of your total mark.

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Assignment description

This individual assignment is part of a continuous assignment that carries 20% of the
overall percentage for the course. It addresses the course outcomes as shown in table
below which consists of well-defined engineering problems that require some depth of
knowledge to solve it.

Course outcome Programme Depth of Well-defined

outcome knowledge engineering
problems
CO3: Solve sinusoidal Steady-State analysis using PO2 WK1, WK2, WP1, WP2
nodal and mesh analysis WK3
CO4: Practice circuit questions related to two-port PO2 WK1, WK2, WP1, WP2
networks WK3

Depth of knowledge

WK1 A systematic, theory-based understanding of the natural sciences applicable to the

discipline and awareness of relevant social sciences.
WK2 Conceptually based mathematics, numerical analysis, data analysis, statistics and formal
aspects of computer and information science to support analysis and modelling applicable
to the discipline.
WK3 A coherent procedural formulation of engineering fundamentals required in an accepted
sub-discipline
WK4 Engineering specialist knowledge that provides theoretical frameworks and bodies of
knowledge for the accepted practice areas in the engineering discipline; much is at the
forefront of the discipline.
WK5 Knowledge including efficient resource use, environment impacts, whole-life cost, re-use
of resources, net zero carbon and similar concept that supports engineering design and
operations in a practice area.
WK6 Knowledge of engineering practice (technology) in the practice areas in the engineering
discipline.
WK7 Knowledge of the role of engineering in society and identified issues in engineering
practice in the discipline, such as the professional responsibility of an engineer to public
safety and sustainable development. (Represented by the 17 UN Sustainable
Development Goals (UN-SDG)).

Well-defined problem

WP1 Cannot be resolved without in-depth engineering knowledge at the level of one or more of
WK3, WK4, WK5, WK6 or WK8 which allows a fundamentals-based, first principles analytical
approach
WP2 Involve wide-ranging or conflicting technical, engineering and other issues.
WP3 Have no obvious solution and require abstract thinking and originality in analysis to formulate
suitable models.
WP4 Involve infrequently encountered issues.
WP5 Outside problems encompassed by standards and codes of practice for professional
engineering.
WP6 Involve diverse groups of stakeholders with widely varying needs
WP7 High level problems including many component parts or sub-problems.

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ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTION

Circuit Analysis Report (100 marks)

(CO3:PO2:C3) & (CO4:PO2:C3)

Overview

Circuit analysis is an important part of the design process. Graduates with analytical skills will
be able to perform most engineering tasks.

TASK 1

Consider a circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor connected in series

to an AC voltage source. The resistor has a resistance of 10 ohms, the inductor has an
inductance of 0.1H, and the capacitor has a capacitance of 100 mF. The AC voltage source
has a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 10 volts.

Given this information, analyse the behaviour of the circuit in terms of impedance at
different frequencies. How does the impedance change as the frequency of the AC source
varies? Provide a mathematical explanation for your answer.

[CO3:PO2:C3]
[25 marks]

ANSWER

R = 10ohms
L = 0.1H
C = 100mF or 0.1F
F = 50Hz
A =10z
The total impedance of a series RLC circuit is given by 𝑧 = 𝑅 + 𝑗 𝜔𝐿 −
Were
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 is the angular Frequency
𝑗 = Is the imaginary unit

Impedance Calculation
1. At 50Hz
𝜔 = 2𝜋 × 50 = 100𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
1
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗 100𝜋 × 0.1 −
100𝜋 × 0.1
1
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗 10𝜋 −
10𝜋
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗(31.4159 − 0.0318)

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𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗31.3841
At different frequencies, the impedance can be analysed by varying f.
1. If, 𝑓 = 100𝐻𝑧
𝜔 = 2𝜋 × 100 = 200𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
1
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗 200𝜋 × 0.1 −
200𝜋 × 0.1
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗(62.8319 − 0.0159)
𝑧 = 10 + 𝑗(62.8160)

Impedance changes with frequency

As the frequency increases. The inductive, reactance 𝜔𝐿 increases and the capacitive reactance
increases, making the total impedance move capacitive.

TASK 2
The basis of nodal analysis is Kirchhoff’s current law. Since KCL is valid for phasors, AC
circuits can be analyzed by nodal analysis. Compute 𝑣 and 𝑣 using nodal analysis for the
circuit shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

[CO3:PO2:C3]
[25 marks]
ANSWER
To solve for V1 and V2 in the given AC circuit using nodal analysis, we first need to convert
the circuit components into the phasor domain,
This means converting the time domain sources and elements to their frequency domain
equivalents.
The given current source is 10 sin(2𝑡),which can be expressed as a phasor:
10 sin(2𝑡) = 10 < −90𝐴
In phasor form
𝐼𝑠 = 10 < −90 = −𝑗10𝐴
The impedance of their circuit element is

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R = 2ohms
1 1
𝐶=− = = −𝑗2.5
𝑗𝜔𝐶 𝑗2 × 0.2
𝐿 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿 = 𝑗 × 2 × 2 = 𝑗4
R = 4ohms
With nodal equations
Nodal 1
Nodal 2
The voltage across the 2ohms resistor is Vx

Using KCL at node V1:

𝑉 𝑉 −𝑉
+ = −𝑗10
2 −𝑗2.5

Using KCL at node V2:

𝑉 −𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 − 3𝑉
= +
−𝑗2.5 𝑗4 4

Since VX is the voltage across the

2ohms resistors
𝑉
𝑉 =
2
So
3𝑉
3𝑉 =
2
Substitute VX into the Equation for node V2
3𝑉
𝑉 −𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 −
+ + 2 =0
−𝑗2.5 𝑗4 4

We now have two equations

1. + = −𝑗10
.

2. + + =0
.

Simplifying both equations

𝑉 𝑉 −𝑉
1. + = −𝑗10
2 −𝑗2.5

𝑉 𝑗(𝑉 − 𝑉 )
+ = −𝑗10
2 2.5
𝑉 𝑗𝑉 − 𝑗𝑉
+ = −𝑗10
2 2.5
𝑉 𝑗𝑉 𝑗𝑉
+ − = −𝑗10
2 2.5 2.5

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Multiply through by 5 to clear the denominator:
2.5𝑉 + 2𝑗𝑉 − 2𝑗𝑉 = −𝑗50
(2.5 + 2𝑗)𝑉 − 2𝑗𝑉 = −𝑗50

3𝑉
𝑉 −𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 −
2. + + 2 =0
−𝑗2.5 𝑗4 4
3𝑉
𝑗(𝑉 − 𝑉 ) 𝑉 𝑉 −
.− + + 2 =0
2.5 𝑗4 4
3𝑉
𝑗𝑉 − 𝑗𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 −
− + + 2 =0
2.5 𝑗4 4
𝑗𝑉 𝑗𝑉 𝑗𝑉 𝑉 3𝑉
− + + + − =0
2.5 2.5 4 4 8
𝑗𝑉 𝑗𝑉 𝑗𝑉 𝑉 3𝑉
− + + + − =0
2.5 2.5 4 4 8

Multiply through by 10 to clear the denominators:

−4𝑗𝑉 + 4𝑗𝑉 + 2.5𝑉 + 10𝑉 − 3.75𝑉 = 0
Combine like terms:
(12.5 − 4𝑗)𝑉 + (4𝑗 − 3.75)𝑉 = 0

We have both equations and can be solved using algebraic methods

Equation 1:
1. (2.5 + 2𝑗)𝑉 − 2𝑗𝑉 = −𝑗50
Equation 2:
2. (12.5 − 4𝑗)𝑉 + (4𝑗 − 3.75)𝑉 = 0

The solution to the nodal analysis equations yields the phasor voltages at nodes V 1 and V2.

𝑉 = 16.92 − 15.38𝑗𝑉
𝑉 = 22.69 − 36.54𝑗𝑉

This value represents the circuit's complex voltage at nodes V1 and V2. If needed, you can
convert these phasors back to their time domain forms to understand the time-dependent
behaviours of the voltages.

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TASK 3
Compute phase angle of the current flowing power supply in the circuit is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

[CO3:PO2:C3]
[25 marks]
ANSWER
R1=12ohms
R2 = 6ohms
L1 = 0.2H
C2 = 10mF= 0.01F
Formular for impedance
𝑍 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿
1
𝑍 =
𝑗𝜔𝐶
The angular frequency 𝜔 is given by:
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 where 𝑓 = 50𝐻𝑧
𝜔 = 2𝜋 × 50 = 100𝜋 ≈ 314.16 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Inductive reactance: 𝑍 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿
𝑍 = 𝑗 × 314.16 × 0.2 = 𝑗62.832
Capacitive reactance: 𝑍 =

1 1
𝑍 = = = −𝑗0.318
𝑗 × 314.16 × 0.01 𝑗 × 3.1416
Combine series impedance of 𝑅 and 𝐿
𝑍 = 𝑅 +𝑍 = 12 + 𝑗62.832
Parallel impedance of 𝑍 and 𝐶

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Using the formula for parallel impedance:
1 1 1
= +
𝑍 𝑍 𝑍
1 1 1
= +
𝑍 12 + 𝑗62.832 −𝑗0.318
The parallel impedance is
1 1
=
𝑍 0.00293 + 𝑗3.12965
Calculating the reciprocal:
1 1
=
𝑍 0.00293 + 𝑗3.12965
Multiply the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate:
1 0.00293 − 𝑗3.12965 0.00293 − 𝑗3.12965
= = = 0.0003 − 𝑗0.3193
𝑍 (0.00293) + (𝑗3.12965) 9.7929
The total impedance 𝑍 includes 𝑅 in series with 𝑍
𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑍 = 6 + (0.0003 − 𝑗0.3193) = 6.0003 − 𝑗0.3193
Now we calculate the phase angle
The formula is
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑍
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑍
−0.3193
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
6.0003
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (−0. .0532) = −3.05°
The phase angle of the current flowing power supply in the circuit is 𝜽 = −𝟑. 𝟎𝟓°

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TASK 4
Compute the z parameters of the circuit shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3
[CO4:PO2:C3]
[25 marks]
ANSWER
To find the Z-parameters of the given circuit we need to determine the relationships between
the voltages V1, V2, and the currents I1, and I2, the z-parameters are defined as:
𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼 +𝑧 𝐼
𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼 +𝑧 𝐼
Let's analyze the circuit to find these parameters.
we start by finding 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 (𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐼 = 0)
Set 𝐼 = 0
𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼
𝑉 = (20 + 5)𝐼
𝑧 = 25𝑜ℎ𝑚
𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼
𝑉 = 20𝐼
𝑧 = 20𝑜ℎ𝑚

Secondly to find 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 (𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐼 = 0)

Set 𝐼 = 0
𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼
𝑉
𝑧 =
𝐼
𝑉 = 20𝐼
𝑧 = 20𝑜ℎ𝑚

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𝑉 =𝑧 𝐼
𝑉
𝑧 =
𝐼
𝑉 = 30𝐼
𝑧 = 30𝑜ℎ𝑚

Thus, the z-parameters are:

𝑧 = 25𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑧 = 20𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑧 = 20𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑧 = 30𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

‘END OF QUESTIONS’

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