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Lecture 1

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mmann4818
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8/28/2024

EGR 330 – Intro to Thermofluids

E = Q – W = KE + PE + U

» Definition of Systems/Control Volumes


» Nomenclature
» Balance Equation(s)
» First Law of Thermodynamics
˃ Sign conventions
˃ Types of work

» Help Sessions – TBA

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8/28/2024

» Closed System/Open System


» Real world examples
˃ Pumping a bike tire
˃ Analyzing heat load in a residence

» Steady/Unsteady
» Real world examples
˃ Filling a swimming pool
+ Using a very large source (municipal water supply)
+ Using a finite source (pond, pump truck, etc.)

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E Energy J Btu, ft lbf


Q heat J Btu, ft lbf
 (delta) change in 1 1
W work J Btu, ft lbf
KE kinetic energy J Btu, ft lbf
PE potential energy J Btu, ft lbf
m mass kg lbm
V (script) speed (magnitude of velocity) m/s ft/s
z Elevation m ft
U internal energy J Btu, ft lbf
c specific heat J/(kg K) Btu/(lbm R)
T temperature K, C R, F
P pressure Pa psi (psig, psia, psiv)
M molar mass (molecular weight) kg/kmol lbm/lbmol

n number of moles kmol lbmol


v specific volume m3/kg ft3/lbm
ρ (rho) density kg/m3 lbm/ft3
V volume m3 ft3
𝑅 universal gas constant kJ/(kmol K) Btu/(lbmol R)
F force N Lbf
i current amps -
x potential/electromotive V -
force/voltage
T (script) torque Nm ft lbf
 angular velocity rad/s rad/s
t time s s
H enthalpy J Btu, ft lbf
h specific enthalpy J/kg Btu/lbm, ft lbf/lbm
u specific internal energy J/kg Btu/lbm, ft lbf/lbm
k ratio of specific heats 1 1
n polytropic exponent 1 1

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»  Final – Initial
˃ Positive if there is an increase
˃ Negative if there is a decrease

» Heat (Q), Rate of Heat Transfer (𝑄̇)


˃ Positive if to system
˃ Negative if from system
̇
» Work (W), Power (𝑊)
˃ Positive if from (done by) system
˃ Negative if to (done to) system

» Historical basis for Q, W sign convention


˃ Note that many physicists use a different sign convention

» In – Out = Accumulation – Generation


˃ Can be written as a rate (instantaneous) or an amount
˃ For closed systems, we will look at the amount

» Application to Energy
˃ Positive Q is into system
˃ Positive W is out of system
˃ Cannot create or destroy (generate)

» Thus, Q-W=E, or as a rate 𝑄̇ − 𝑊̇ =


˃ Or, as expressed in our text, E=Q-W

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» Breaking Energy of System into Components


˃ E = KE + PE + U = Q - W

» Simplified forms
˃ Stationary system
• E = KE + PE + U = Q – W
• U = Q – W

» A 16 lb bowling ball is dropped from a height of


4 feet onto a resilient floor and rebounds to a
height of 3.5 feet. What is the change in
potential energy of the bowling ball? Explain
this change in terms of heat transfer, work, and
internal energy.

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» A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to


be air-conditioned. A person at rest may be
assumed to dissipate heat at a rate of about 360
kJ/h. There are ten light fixtures in the room with a
rating of 100 W each. The rate of heat transfer to
the room through the walls and windows is
estimated to be 15,000 kJ/h. If the room is to be
maintained at a temperature of 21 C, size the air
conditioning unit. How much does this change if
we add 30 computers that dissipate 20 W each?
»

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» Due before class, Wednesday, Sept. 4


˃ 2-1
+ Bonus – If the engine is 22% efficient, how much gasoline is
consumed? (Hint, you’ll need to look up the enthalpy of
combustion, also called heating value, of the fuel)
˃ 2.4
˃ 2.6 (relevance: this will help to design a heat exchanger to cool your
water bath)
˃ 2-15

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