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Plasticity 1

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16 views16 pages

Plasticity 1

Uploaded by

neerajsharma14929
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Yield criteria for ductile metals

 It is an important consideration in the field of plasticity


in deducing mathematical relationships for predicting
the conditions at which plastic yielding begins when a
material is subjected to any possible combination of
stresses.
 It is expected that yielding under a situation of
combined stresses can be related to some particular
combination of principal stresses.
 A yield criterion must be consistent with a number of
experimental observations.
 There are two generally accepted criteria for
prediction the onset of yielding in ductile metals
Hydrostatic and deviatoric components
 The total stress tensor can be divided into a
hydrostatic or mean stress tensor σm , which involves
only pure tension or compression, and deviator stress
tensor σ'ij , which represents the shear stresses in the
total state of stress.
 Hydrostatic stress component does not cause plastic
deformation and it only produces elastic volume
changes.
 Stress deviator is responsible for plastic deformation.
Hydrostatic and deviatoric components

 A stress matrix can be divided into hydrostatic and


deviatoric stress components.

 Mean stress is given by


Von Mises Yield Criterion
 For an isotropic material the yield criterion must be
independent of the choice of axes , i.e., it must be an
invariant function.
 These considerations lead to the conclusion that the
yield criteria must be some function of the invariants
of the stress deviator.
Invariants of a stress matrix
Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
 Von Mises proposed that yielding would occur when the second
invariant of the stress deviator exceeded some critical value.

 The usual form in terms of principal stresses

 In terms of normal and shear components:

 Effective stress,
Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
 The Von Mises’ yield criterion implies that yielding is
not dependent on any particular normal stress or
shear stress, but instead, yielding depends on a
function of all components of stress.

 Since the yield criterion is based on differences, the


criterion is independent of hydrostatic stress
component.
Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
 Since the Von Mises yield criterion involves
squared terms, the result is independent of
the sign of the individual stresses.

 It is not necessary to know which are the


largest and smallest principal stresses in order
to use this yield criterion.
Tresca yield criterion
 This yield criterion assumes that yielding occurs
when the maximum shear stress reaches a certain
critical value.
 The maximum shear stress is given by

 Where σ1 is the algebraically largest and σ3 is the


algebraically smallest principal stress.
Tresca yield criterion
 The maximum-shear-stress criterion is less
complicated mathematically than the Von Mises
criterion, and for this reason it is often used in
engineering design.
 However, the maximum –shear stress criterion does
not take into consideration the intermediate principal
stress.
 It suffers from the major difficulty that it is necessary
to know in advance which are the maximum and
minimum principal stresses.
Yield stress in pure shear (k)
 If the material yields in pure shear then the stress
state will be

I. Von-Mises criterion:

II. Tresca yield criterion:


State of stress in two dimensions
 In a thin plate loaded in the plane of the plate there will
be no stress acting perpendicular to the surface of the
plate.
 A stress condition in which the stress is zero in one of
the primary directions is called plane stress (σ3=0)
 It is a 2-dimensional state of stress or biaxial state of stress.
The Yield Locus
 For a biaxial or plane-stress condition the Von Mises
yield criterion can be expressed mathematically as
Plane stress and Plane strain
Tresca and Von MisesYield Loci for
2-Dimensional State of Stress

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