Scribd
Upload
16 views37 pages

Lesson 5

This lesson is All about 1st quarter of Mathematics in the modern world. A general subject in 1st year college.

Uploaded by

John Kenneth Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views37 pages

Lesson 5

This lesson is All about 1st quarter of Mathematics in the modern world. A general subject in 1st year college.

Uploaded by

John Kenneth Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

The Language of

Functions and
Relations
objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
students are expected to be able to:
▪ Differentiate functions from relations via
Lesson
the sets of domain and codomain/range
and their graphs;
▪ Map one set to another using a
function; and
▪ Describe real-life situations using a
function.
Harry Potter and the 35
Prisoner of Azkaban
Darryl

You can think of a x


variable as a box.
105
3 Harry Potter and the
Prisoner of Azkaban
3 Darryl

3x
You can only take out from the box that
which you placed in it.
Input Output
Function
Input Output
Postage Stamps Postage Stamps
Books Function Books
Music on a Playlist Music on a Playlist
Numbers Numbers
Equations Equations
Ideas Ideas
Set of Set of
Inputs Function
Outputs
We can define what our box can hold, and
what it will do to these objects.
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {1, 2, 3}

x
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {2, 4, 6}

2x
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {3, 6, 9}

3x
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {2, 3, 4}

x+1
Not all boxes are functions.
Functions and Relations
Mathematics in the Modern World
A relation is a mapping of one set to
another.

Set of Set of
Inputs Outputs
Relation
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {2, 4, 6}

2x
The domain of the relation is
the set of all the inputs (first
coordinates of the ordered pairs of
the relation or the pre-image), and
the range of the relation is the set
of all outputs (the second
coordinates or images).
In the relation where the box is 2x,
the set of inputs A = {1, 2, 3} is the
domain, while the set of outputs A’ = {2,
4, 6} is the range.
When written in ordered pairs, the
domain and range of 2x is

{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)}


A RELATION R is a set of any ordered
pairs.

e.g. R = {(2, a), (4, b), (6, c), (8, d)}


What is the domain and range of
the following relation?

{(1, 3), (3, 5), (5, 7), (7, 9)}


Domain: {1, 3, 5, 7}
Range: {3, 5, 7, 9}
A function is a mapping of one set
to another such that each input
produces only one specific output.

Set of Set of
Inputs Outputs
Function
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {2, 4, 6}

2x
The domain of the function is the
set of all the first coordinates of the
ordered pairs of the function, and the
range of the function is the set of all the
second coordinates or images.
In the function where the box is
2x, the set of inputs A = {1, 2, 3} is the
domain, while the set of outputs A’ = {2,
4, 6} is the range.
When written in ordered pairs, the
domain and range of 2x is

{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)}


What is the domain and range of
the function {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8),
(9, 10)}?

Domain: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Range: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
A function is a specific type of
relation that produces only one output
per input.
NOTATION
Functions may be denoted by a
letter such as f, F, g, G, H, h, etc.

If f is a function and if (x, y) ∈ f,


then we shall denote the second
coordinate of the ordered pair by the
symbol f(x).
Thus y=f(x) means that y is the
second coordinate of the ordered
whose first coordinate is x.

We read f(x) as “f of x”.

Therefore, we can write the


ordered pair as (x, f(x)).
A = {1, 2, 3} A’ = {2, 4, 6}

2x
f(x) = 2x
The output, f(x) or A’, is a function of the input, x or A.
In y=f(x), we call x as the
independent variable and y as
dependent variable.
fUNCTION
One-to-one correspondence

1 4

2 5

3 6

4 7
FUNCTION
Many-to-one correspondence

3
7
4
FUNCTION
Many-to-one correspondence

2 6
3

4
7
NOT A FUNCTION
One-to-many correspondence

1
5

7
NOT A FUNCTION
One-to-many correspondence

1 5

6
2 7
Relations

Functions

You might also like