1

GRAMMAR
Grammar:-
The art of using proper words in proper place
is called grammar.
Example:-
She goes to school.
Word:-
Word are responsible to make a sentence.
Sentence:-
A sentence is a meaningful combination of
words is called sentence.
Example:-
He lives in Lahore.
Part of speech:-
A sentence is made up of different parts.

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These different parts are called parts of

speech.
Example:-
Saleem lives with his family in house.
Noun:-
The name of person place or thing in the
universe is called noun.
Types of noun:-
Common Noun Proper Noun
Abstract noun Countable noun
Uncountable noun Collective noun
Industrial noun Material noun
Concrete noun Regular noun
Irregular noun Singular noun
Plural noun Masculine
Feminine Feminine

Uses of noun:-
Noun of digits:-

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Hundred, thousand, million, billion, score,

dozen.
Do not use “S”:-
 He gave me one hundred rupees.
 I have purchased three dozen eggs.
 He needs two million rupees.
 He earns one hundred dollar per day.
Use “S” if there comes of right after noun of
digits:-
 He gave me two hundred thousands of
rupees.
 He earns 1000 dollars of a month.
 I have purchased three dozens of eggs.
 We have won five millions of rupees.
Always read “innings” instead of “inning”
 Pakistan made 43 runs in their innings.
 We have won our match by an innings.
Fish / fishes:-

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Always use (fish) as singular and plural but it

will be used (fishes) when we talk about
variety.
 I catch a fish.
 We caught many fish yesterday.
 He concentrates on his studies
regarding fishes of the Atlantic ocean.
 I am in the favor of catching different
types of fishes.
Example:-
Use of sheep & dear :-
Always use sheep and deer singular/ plural
you will use verb accordingly.
Example:-
 Sheep are grazing in the fields.
 Many deer are hiding themselves in the
forest.
 I see a deer grazing in the field.
 There is a danger for a sheep in the
present of shepherd.
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Use of politics:-
If politics is used as a little object than
singular verb will be used.
Example:-
 Politics is a game of rich people.
 Politics is a subject to understand past
politicians.
If politics is used as a traits / properties /
qualities of any individuality than we will be
definitely used for plural verb.
Example:-
 Imrans politics are not up to the mark.
 His politics are weak.
Use of committee / panel/ organization:-
if committer / related word is used as in such a
way if the members of committee are agreed
or unanimous on any point then singular verb
will be used.
Example:-
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 The committee is unanimous in its

decision.
 If members of committee are not
unanimous then plural verb will be used.
Example:-
The members of committee are divided in
their approach regarding the topic.
Use of hair:-
Hair is uncountable noun so you did not to use
“S” in hair.
Example:-
 He has golden curly hair.
 His hair is black.
But if there seem to be few white/ black than
hair might be used as singular/ plural.
Example:-
The cat has few white hairs in her rug.
Wage & wages;-

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 He earns good wage throughout a

morning.
 Wages are paid on every
months/Friday.
 The wages of the sin is hell.
(This is proverb so the use “S”)
Use of (mathematics, mechanics, classics):-
Subjects:- if the following words use as
“subject” then use “singular verb”.
 Mathematics is a name of subject.
Individual quality:-
In case of performance of the students, use
plural verb
His mathematics are weak.
Accumulation:- A place to live.
Work :- A piece of work.
News:- A piece of news.
Poetry :- poem

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Furniture :- An article of furniture.

Advise :- A piece of advice.
Loaf :- A piece of loaf.
Luck :- A bit/ stork of luck.
Knowledge:- fact
Paper :- A piece of paper.
Use of government, public, means, family,
team etc.
Government is/ are working for the effected
people.
Public is / are not allowed to come the all
means have/ are tired
Family is / are leaving for Lahore.
(following are some words after their both
singular and plural verb use)
Heard, crowd, assembly, team, procession,
meeting, are all collective noun crowed
is/are/has/have gathered here.

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Rule of scenery:-
Scenery is uncountable noun. Use
scene/scenery as singular verb. At any picnic
point or sport singular verb is used.
Example:-
The scenery of swat is beautiful.
Always use plural verb with the following
nouns:-
Pants, trousers, spectacles, optics, optical,
glasses, vermin, goggle, gentry, people,
scissor, manners, etc.(are have were___use)
Use of a number of / the number of :-
A number of use always plural verb it is used
for counting’s, strength, enrollment.
Example:-
 A number of drivers now a days are
reckless.
 A number of always use singular verb.
 It is used for amount.
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 The number of police officers who

behaved well is decreasing.
 The number of obedient students who
behaved accordingly is decreasing.
Use of majority /majority of :-
Singular Plural
 Majority in our  Majority of students
country is Muslim. not a days are in the
 Majority helps the favor of cramping.
poor in our country.

Correct the following

sentences:-
 The poor lead a measureable life.
o The poor lead a measurable life.
 The news are not true.
o The news is not true.
 She gave me five ten rupee notes.
o She gave me five ten rupee notes.
 Her hairs are white.

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o Her hair is white.

 He wants to continue his study.
o He wants to continue his studies.
 His mathematics is weak.
His mathematics are weak.
 Politics are his chief interest.
o Politics is his chief interest.
 Many cattle’s are grazing.
o Many cattle are grazing.
 Many sheeps are drowned in the field.
o Many sheep are drowned in the field.
 The sceneries of Kashmir are amazing.
o The scenery of Kashmir is amazing.
 We do not eat fruits.
o We do not eat fruit.
 He scored 50 runs in his inning
o He scored 50 runs in his innings.
 I sold two dozens eggs.
o I sold two dozen eggs.
 He is week in mathematics.

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o He is weak in mathematics.
 I bought a new pant.
o I bought a new pants.
 He bought some stationeries.
o He bought some stationary.
 I bought two pair of shoes.
o I bought two pairs of shoe.
 The poetries of Iqbal are full of life.
o The poem of iqbal are full of life.
 Your scissors is dull.
o Your scissors are dull.
 Give me a scissor.
o Give me a scissor.
 There are no females in the office.
o There are no women in the office .
 I have two sons in law.
o I have two sons in law.
 She gave me many advices.
o She gave me many pieces of advices.
 You have many works to do.
o You have many pieces of work to do.

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 I have an urgent business at home.

o I have an urgent piece of business at home.
 They bought many furniture.
o They bought many articles of furniture.
 The jury is divided on the issue.
o The jury are divided on the issue.
 There is no place in the bus.
o There is no room in the bus.
 He was taken to the gallows.
o He was taken to the gallows.
 I have no issues.
o I have no issue.
 Vegetable is my favorite dish.
o Vegetable is my favorite dish.
 Many machines are imported.
o Many machine are imported.
 The child did many mischief’s.
o The child did much mischief/much acts of
mischief.

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Correct the following

sentences.
 we should not hate the poors.
o We should not hate the poor.
 The chairs leg is broken.
o The leg of chair is broken.
 Ten deers are in the forest.
o Ten deer are in the forest.
 He is a coward man.
o He is a coward.
 Economics are his favorite subject.
o Economics is his favorite subject.
 Cattles are eating the grass.
 The united states have a large.
o The united state has a large army.
 The sceneries of murree are beautiful.
o The scenery of murree is beautiful.
 Abid want to continue his study.
o Abid wants to continue his studies.
 His hairs are black.
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o His hairs is black.

 Majority in Pakistan are poor.
o Majority in Pakistan is poor.
 She told me two news.
o She told me two piece of news.
 Politics are a game.
o Politics is a game.
 The committee have chasen their
chairman.
o The committee has chasen their chairman.
 His politics is dirty.
o His politics are dirty.
 The majority of the students was absent
yesterday.
o The majority of the students were absent
yesterday.
 How many cattles are grazing in the field.
o How many cattle are grazing in the field.
 The Arabian night are an interesting.
o The Arabian night is an interesting book.
 My brother gave me many advices.

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o My brother gave me many pieces of

advice.
o The jury was divided in its opinion.
o The jury were divided in their opinion.

Correct the following

sentences
 Ten miles are a long distance.
o Ten miles is a long distance.
 The poors lead a miserable life.
o The poor lead a miserable life.
 Muslims are a brave nation.
o Muslims is a brave nation.
 He gave me two informations.
o He gave me two pieces of information.
 He picked ten rices.
o He picked ten grains of rice.
 The westindies are a big country.
o The westindies is a big country.
 The jury were unanimous in its verdict.

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o The jury was unanimous in its verdict.

 The jury was divided in its opinion.
o The jury was divided in their opinion.
 A large number of sheeps were grazing in
the fields.
o A large number of sheep were grazing in
the fields.
 I have two works to do.
o I have two piece of work to do.
 His hairs are curly.
o His hair is curly.
 The majority of the students was present
yesterday.
o The majority of the students was present
yesterday.
 My students as well as I am working.
o My students as well as I are working.
 Ali or faisal are wrong.
o Ali or faisal is wrong.
 She earns a low wages.
o She earns low wages.

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 Majority in our school are good.

o Majority in our school is good.
 I and asad are social workers.
o Asad and I are social workers.

When we talk about the honestly, truth, good

thing, social workers so the use “you, he & I”
When we talk about the smokers bad thing so
the use “I, he, and you”

Correct the following

sentences
 His hair are black.
o His hair is black.
 My friend brought two dozen eggs.
o My friend brought two dozen eggs.
 I have many works to do.
o I have many pieces of work to do.
 Cattle is grazing in the field.
o Cattle are grazing in the field.
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 The poors lead a miserable life.

o The poor lead a miserable life.
 The jury was divided on this matter.
o The jury were divided on this matter.
 These females have come to visit the
place.
o These women have come to visit the place.
 You and me are absent.
o I and you are absent.
 Ali or zia are wrong.
o Ali or zia is wrong.
 The fields were full of cattles.
o The fields were full of cattle.
 His five hair is white.
o His five hairs are white.
 The gentry was invited there.
o The gentry were invited there.
 These news are good.
o These news is good.
 I like fresh fruits.
o I like fresh fruit.

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 He sold his belonging.

o He sold his belonging.
 Billiards are a famous game.
o Billiards is a famous game.
 I bought two pair of shoes.
o I bought two pairs of shoes.
 He gave order to release.
o He gave orders to release.
 He was taken to the gallow.
o He was taken to the gallows.

USE OF PRONOUN
Objective Possessive
Subject case
case case
I Me My
We Us Our
You You Your
He Him His
She Her Her
They Them Their
It It Its
One One Ones
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Rule # 1
Always use (objective case) ofter (let) and
(between).
Example:-
a) Let me do it.
b) Let us play cricket.
c) Let us go for a work.
d) Let her go.
e) There is a problem between us.
f)The discussion is between you & me.
g) This land is a problem between them.
Always use (subjective case) after the
following
(as, then, be, is, am, are, was, were)
Example:-
a) It is he.
b) It was she.
c) It is better than I.
d) Are you a girl?

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e) It might be he.
f)He is intelligent as I.
g) Were they students?
h) Are you going to school?
If there is a subject (who) then need not to use
another word as a subject.
Example:-
a) He who works hard will be rewarded.
b) He who wins the race will get prize.
c) He who plays well will definitely win
the match.
d) He who win the match will definitely
win the trophy.
Relative pronoun:-
Use relative pronoun after the mentioned
noun.
(who, whom, whose, which, that etc.)
Example:-
a) This is man whom I saw in the bazaar.

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b) This is the boy who knock at my door.

c) This is the one whose son is a doctor.
d) I met a begger who was blind in the
street.

Use pronoun accordingly:-

a) The farmer is ploughing his fields.
b) The women are doing their homework.
c) I am playing cricket myself.
d) We are watering the plants ourselves.
e) You are flying the kites yourself.
Always use the following words
accordingly;-
Who_____living beings + big animals
Example:-
a) I saw a lion who was roaring.
b) I saw a man who stood first.
c) I saw dinosaurs in the documentary.
d) Who was very fierce.

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Which______small animals + non living

things.
Example:-
a) I saw birds in the cage which were
chirping.
b) I saw a car which was moving fast.
That ______living + non-living beings.
Example:-
a) He is the same man that I saw.
b) This is the table that has four legs.
Indefinite pronoun:-
If there comes (each, every, either, neither,
none, many etc.)
The always use (singular verb) after these.
Example:-
a) Each of these men is not present.
b) None of those students is working
hard.

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c) Many a students has attended the

functions.
d) Either of these students has passed the
exams.
Use of (as):-
If there comes (who, which, whom, whose)
after (such) the change the (wh) words with
(as)
Example:-
a) He is such a man who is liked by
everyone.
b) He is such a man is liked by everyone.
c) She is such a student whose father is
very poor.
d) She is such a student as father is very
poor.
e) There is such a table which I purchased
last year.
f)There is such a table as I purchased last
year.

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Use of (that)
if there comes (who, whom, whose) which
after (same) then change (wh) words with
(that)
Example:-
a) He is the same man whom I met
yesterday.
b) He is the same man that I met
yesterday.
c) This is the same table which I
purchased last year.
d) This is the same table that I purchased
last year.
e) This is the same boy that stood first in
the class.
f)This is the same boy that stood first in the
class.
g) This is the same boy whose father is a
doctor.

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h) This is the same boy that father is a

doctor.
Use of possessive pronoun before
gerund:-
Gerund is the first form of verb + ing but it
works as a noun.
“Present participle” work as a verb.
How can we distinguish?
I am playing cricket.

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Use the following

accordingly:
1: You, He, I for good & (moderate
activities)
Example:-
You, he, I are indulged in doing well for
the society.
2: You, He, I are interest in helping the
poor.
I, he & You (For bad & not good actions)
Example:-
I, He & You are smokers
I, He, & You always cheat other.

Correct the following

sentences
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 She invited my sister and I

o She invited my sister and me
 Let we go to the river
o Let us go to the river
 These books are for you and she.
o These books are for you and her.
 I and he are friends.
o He and I are friends.
 I, you and he will help the poor.
o you ,he and I will help the poor.
 I and you will go first.
o You and I will go first.
 My pen is superior to your.
o My pen is superior to yours.
 Neither of these two boys are absent.
o Neither of these two boys is absent.
 Each of these two girls have got a
prize.
o Each of these two girls has got a prize.
 None remain to tell the story of
destruction.

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o None remains to tell the story of

destruction.
 Each one of them are at fault.
o Each one of them is at fault.
 Everyone that see you love you.
o Everyone that see you loves you.
 Each of our student pay their tuition
free.
o Each of our student pays their tuition
free.
 One should love his parents.
o One should love one`s parents.
 One often does not know what he is to
do.
o One often does not know what one is to
do.
 If I were him, I would not do it.
o If I were he, I would not do it.
 The man who was sitting there was my
brother.

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o The man is my brother who was sitting

there.
 Ten boys were playing each other.
o Ten boys were playing one another.
 One of these students is present.
o One of these students is present.
 Only one of the man were arrested.
o Only one of the man was arrested.
 I am yours sincerely.
o I am your sincerely.
 Your shirt is like Khalid.
o Your shirt is like Khalid`s.
 Such things which you say are not
true.
o Such thing as you say are not true.
 Either Abid or Sajid come daily.
o Either Abid or Sajid comes daily.
 It is I who was to blame.
o It is I who am to blame.
 The boy who works hard he will pass.
o The boy who works hard will pass.

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 These who are proud they are not

happy.
o Those who are passed are not happy.
 I told the same what he asked.
o I told the same that he asked.
 He is one of the leader who has served
country.
o He is one of the leaders who has served
country.
 Such boys came whom I did not
recognize.
o Such boys came as I did not recognize.
 I played with the same bat which you
did.
o I played with the same bat that you did.
 I do not like him going there.
o I do not like his going there.
 It is between you and I.
o It is between you and me.
 They enjoyed at the fair.
o They enjoyed themselves at the fair.

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 You will enjoy this song.

o You will enjoy yourself this song.
 Neither Rizwan nor Arslan are know
to me.
o Neither Rizwan nor Arslan is know to
me.
Correct the following
sentences:-
 The matter is between he and I.
o The matter is between his and me.
 It is I who is to blame.
o It is I who am to blame.
 She is taller than me.
o She is taller than I .
 We enjoyed during the holidays.
o We enjoyed ourselves during the
holidays.
 She absent from the class.
o She absent herself from the class.
 Neither of them were invited.

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o Non of them were invited.

 Those who work hard, they will pass.
o Those who work hard will pass.
 This is yours book.
o This is your book.
 None of these two men is blind.
o Neither of these two men is blind.
 The committee has chaser their
chairman.
o The committee has chaser its chairman.
 None of the two students were present.
o None of the two student was present.
 The two brothers love one another.
o The two brothers love each other.
 Let he do his work.
o Let him do his work.
 This pen is my.
o This pen is mine.
 Each of us have a pen.
o Each of us has a pen.

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 She is such a girl who is liked

everywhere.
o She is such a girl as is liked everywhere.
 One should respect his teachers.
o One should respect ones teachers.
 Either your or I am mistaken/ wrong.
o Either I or you is mistaken.
 You as well as I am going there.
o You as well as I are going there.
 Neither Rashid nor you has passed the
exams.
o Neither Rashid nor you have passed the
exams.
 Either he or I are right.
o Either he or I is right.
 He is as tall as him.
o He is as tall as he.
 They enjoyed In the fair.
o They enjoyed themselves In the fair.
 Each of the boys were given three
chance.

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o Each of the boys was given three chance.

 One must obey his elders.
o One must obey ones elders.
 The jury was divided in its opinion.
o The jury were divided in their opinion.

VERB
Verb:-
Do not use (Preposition) after the following
verbs.
Love, hate, resemble, marry, reach, attack,
inform, tell, ask, control, request, discuss,
resign, sign etc.
Example:-

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a) I love my parents.
b) I hate his enemies.
c) He requested me to help.
d) He has signed the documents.
e) He informed me yesterday.
f)He always tells a lies.
g) India cannot attack Pakistan.
h) They resemble their forefather.

Always use (how) after the using

verb (know)
 He knows to read a book.
 He knows how to read the book.
 I know to swim in the water.
 I know how to swim in the water.
 They know how to treat the public.
 They know how to treat the public.

See the difference

Use of refuse verb:
 He refused to help me.

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 They refuse to borrow me a pen.

Use of deny verb:

 He denied that he has not broken the
mirror.
 They denied that they have not told a lie.

Always use reflexive pronoun

after the following verbs:-
 Avail oneself of
 Avenge one self on
 Acquit one self
 Absent one self from
 Resign oneself to
 Apply oneself to
 Enjoy oneself
Example:-
 He enjoyed himself in the fair.
 He resign himself to the office.
 They applied themselves to the college.
 He availed himself of his opportunity.
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 They acquitted themselves this task.

 He avenge himself on the behalf of his
family.

Do not use reflexive pronoun

after the followings.
Keep break open spread feed step turn draw
steal qualify etc.
Example:-
 He keeps away from the bad company.
 He breaks the ice now.
 They opened the door last day.
 The chlorea spread like a wild fire.
 Mom feeds her children.
 They have stopped their vehicles.
 Pakistan has qualified for world cup.
 He turned around and smashed me.
 They draw a picture.
 He steals my books.

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Always use Bare infinity in the following

case.
Let make near hear watch sea would
observe except behold but etc
Example:-
 Let me play cricket.
 He makes tea for me.
 He lives near my house.
 They hear me well.
 I see him.
 He observe the scene.
 I play cricket but he plays hockey.
 Can you behold yourself?
Always use verb consist in its action sense not
use as a passive.
Our class of so students freedom consist of
bravery, devotion and hardships.
Freedom consist of bravery and devotion
“don’t use is and was with consist”

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Use Of Present Participle:-

These following words we use with present
participle.
Is, am, are, was, were, will, will be, shall be,
has been, have been, had been, will have been,
shall have been + 1st form of verb + ing
Helping verb + 1st form + ing make present
participle

Present Participle:-
“is” main verb “or” it is action verb

Use of present participle or

gerund:-
Succeed in, prevent from, prohibit from, insist
on, persist in, find of, with a view to
Example:-
 He succeeds in passing his exams.
 They insist in complaining his conduct.

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 He persist in per sanding him.

 They are fond of playing hockey.
 You should prohibit from stealing the
goods.
 They camel help of providing them
food.

Use of as after the following:-

Regard, represent, part ray, define,
mention, depict, treat, describe.
Example:-
 He describes use as fool.
 He regards me as a brother.
 He represent him as a livings.
 The part ray as perfect artist.
 He define noun as the name of
person, thing as a place.
 We mention them as our brothers.
 I depict him as my teacher.
 He treats me as a good students.

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Do not use “as” after the

following:-
Call, thinks, term, name
Example:-
 He called me a versatile genius.
 I think him a cunning figure.
 They me a versatile genius.
 He called this term ambiguous one.

Copular verbs:-
A verbs creates share a relation of an after
words adjectives with its subject is known as
copular verb. OR
A verb in which there is no use of noun or
verb, adverbs only adjectives.
We are copular verb with the following words.
Sound seem look is feel turn take become
grow etc.
Example:-
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 He looks beautiful.
 This mango tastes sweet.
 He feels nervous.
 He becomes clever.
 The cow is beautiful.
 He seems naughty.
 This song sound melodious.
 He turn round.
 He makes a delicious. Tea.
 He grows old.
 They get fantastic victory.

Use of verb want:-

Do not use that of the verb want we should use
infinitive after verb want.
Example:-
He wants me that I should help him.
He wants I should help him.
He want me should help him.
He wants me to help him.

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See The Difference

Taking exam: students are taking exams.
Giving exam: teacher is giving exams.
(2)
Hang:- hung, hung, hanging.
Hang:- hanged, hanged, hanging
Example:-
The picture is hanging on the wall.
The criminal was hanged by the orders of the
court.
(3)
Lie:- lay, lain, lying
Lay:- laid, laid, lying
Example:-
 He is lying in bed.
 He laid a book on table.
 He lay in his bed yesterday.

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 The hens laid eggs yesterday.

(4)
Swim:- man is swimming in the water.
Float :- duck is floating in the surface of
water.
(5)
Sink :- the ship has sunk in the water.
Drown:- many men drowned in the flood
water last month.

See The Difference

Speak :-
Example:-
 He speak a truth.
 He has been spoken the truth.
 He had spoke the truth.
 He is speaking truth now.

Tell :-
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 He told a lie.
 He tells a lie.
 He has told a lie.
 He is telling a lie now.

Helping verb and linking

verb:-
Helping verb:- helping verb is a verb
which helps man verb in order to complete a
sentence.
Example:-
He is playing a hockey.
Linking verb:- man is always come with
helping verb. If it is not present so, this is
called as linking verb.
Example:-
I am a Pakistani.

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Gerund and present

participle
Gerund:- gerund is a noun
Formation:- 1st form + ing.
 Before gerund we do not use helping
verb.
Present Participle:-
It is a main verb or action verb.
Formation:- 1st form + ing
 Before present participle we use
helping verb this is the main difference
between gerund and present participle.
Example:-
playing cricket is my profession (gerund)
He is playing cricket.(present participle)

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Infinitive and bare

infinitive:-
Infinitive:- to + 1st form
Example:-
 I am to go to Lahore.
 They go to the gerund to play.
 He is in the school to study.
Bare infinity:-
Without “to” called bare infinity.
 If there is not come to before 1st
form then it will be bare infinitive.
Example:-
 I read a book.
 They draw a picture.
 I learn my lesson.
See The Difference

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Saw And Saw:- I saw a saw which

could not saw.
Meet, see, visit:-
 I am going to meet him.
 I am going to see him.
 I am going to Visit him.
 I visited there to see him
Tens and sentences:-
Tense :-There tells us when an action is
going to be done.
Sentences:- Sentences tell us about the
happening of time or tense.

Correct the following

sentence
 No one should speak a lie.

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o No one should tell a lie.

 She hanged the picture on the wall.
o She hung the picture on the wall.
 The murder was hung.
o The murder was hunged.
 Open the knot .
o Unite the knot .
 He wears a long beard.
o He has a long beard.
 We have given our exams.
o We have taken our exams.
 The thief admitted his guilt.
o The thief confused his guilt.
 The general invaded the army.
o The general attacked the army.
 She lived in faislabad since 1995.
o She has been lived in faislabad since 1995.
 I have received your book yesterday.
o I received your book yesterday.
 They have gone to Karachi last week.
o They went to Karachi last week.

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 She has taken admission.

o She has got admission.
 I laid in bed for two hours.
o I lay in bed for two hours.
 She denied my invitation.
o she refused my invitation.
 I took meal before he come.
o I had taken meal before he come.
 Please excuse me being late.
o Please excuse my being late.
 Majority of the member is absent.
o Majority of the member are present.
 Majority of the member is absent.
o Majority of the member are present.
 The jury was divided.
o The jury were divided.
 Two and two makes four.
o Two and two make four.
 I made him to stand.
o I made him stand.
 You had better to go to the doctor.

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o You had better go to the doctor.

 I can hear him to speak.
 I can hear him speak.
 He dared not to say a wood.
o He dared not say a wood.

Correct the following

sentence
 He is suffering from fever for ten days.
o He has been suffering from fever for ten
days.
 The labors are on strike for ten days.
o The laborers have been on strike for ten
days.
 He has come here yesterday.
o He came here yesterday.
 Why did you left the room without my
permission?
o Why did you leave the room without my
permission?
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 They enjoyed very much last day.

o They enjoyed themselves very much last
day.
 He should avail of his opportunity.
o He should avail himself of his opportunity.
 She absented from the class.
o She absented herself from the class.
 He worked hard so that he may succeed.
o He worked hard so that he might succeed.
 Neither Rashid nor you has paid.
o Neither Rashid nor you have paid.
 Either he or I are wrong.
o Either he or I am wrong.
 Anyone of you have broken the chair.
o Anyone of you has broken the chair.
 Everyone of them were at fault.
o Everyone of them was at fault.
 Each of us have a pen.
o Each of us has a pen.
 None of the boys were present.
o None of the boys was present.

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 Gulliver’s travels are worth reading.

o Gulliver’s travels is worth reading.
 He is one of the best singer of the
society.
o He is one of the best singer of the society.
 He is one of the best singer who has
been praised by the people.
o He is one of the best singers who have
been praised by the people.
 The teacher said that the sun was bigger
than earth.
o The teacher said that the sun was bigger
than earth.
 A red and a white here is grazing the
field.
o A red and a white horse are grazing the
field.
 A red and white horse are grazing.
o A red and white horse is grazing.
 The teacher along with his students
have come.

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o The teacher along with his students has

come.
 He said that he is ill.
o He said that he was ill.
 He made the winning goal.
o He scored the winning goal.

Correct the following

sentence
 We will be rewarded in the next world
for what we will do here.
o We will be rewarded in the next world for
what we do here.
 He insisted to go the cinema.
o He insisted on to the cinema.
 He gave good speech at the end.
o He made good speech at the end.
 I wish my father was rich.
o I wish my father were rich.
 I will do it if I was you.
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o I would do it I were you.

 The horse and carriage have reached.
o The horses and carriage has reached.
 A hundred rupees are not sufficient.
o A hundred rupees is not sufficient.
 I neither have told nor shall tell a lie.
o I neither have told nor shall tell a lie.
 Many a man have done so.
o Many a man has done so.
 They absented from the meeting.
o They absented themselves from the
meeting.
 We should respect our parents.
o We must respect our parents.
 You will not succeed unless you do not
work hard.
o You will not succeed unless you work
hard.
 One should do his duty .
o One should do ones duty.
 How much has this book pasted you?

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o How much has this book cost you?

 If he was here he could have joined us.
o If he were here he could have joined us.
 He as well as his parents like here.
o He as well as his parents lives here.
 He resigned from his service.
o He resigned himself to from his service.
 He has been operated.
o He has been operated upon.
 Where this road leads to?
o Where does this road leads to?
 I knew that he wants my help.
o I knew that he wanted my help.
 He denied to dine with me.
o He refused to dine with me.
 Flowers smell sweetly.
o Flowers smell sweet.
 Each of the boys were given three
chances.
o Each of the boys was given three chances.

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 The student were looking hard for

several months.
o The students have been working hard for
several months .
 If he will work hard he will pass.
o If he works hard he will pass.

ADVERB
Adverb :-
A modifier which modifies adds something to
the meanings of (verb, adjective or another
adverb) is known as adverb.
Example:-
 Adverb modifies a verb:-
o He plays cricket well.
 Adverb modifies adjectives:-
o He is a very lazy boy.

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 Adverb modifies another verb:-

o He plays cricket very well.
Use Of
Adverb____Adjective___Adverb
Adverb which shows pasr must be used
accordingly.
Past____ Past
(yesterday, present)
Adverb of time:-
(yesterday, earlier, ago early, last, previous,
past time etc)
Example:-
a) He met me yesterday.
b) They got success last year.
c) I received his letter early in the
morning.
d) He last his match a little while ago.
e) They were on leave previous day.

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Use the following adverbs after verb

(to, be) before the main verb:-
Be was been
Is was been
Am was been
Are were been
Was were been
These words common before verb and after to
be verb (always, is, was, frequently, fluently,
seldom, rare, rarely, usually, generally,
sometimes etc.)
Example:-
a) He frequently visit us.
b) They generally play good cricket.
c) He sometimes becomes mad.
d) The seldom visit us.
e) He is aften ill.
f)They usually go for a walk.
g) He always speaks truth.

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Degree of Adjective:-
Positive
Comparative
Superlatives
“Very” use with “first degree”
“Much” use with “second degree”
Positive Comparative Superlatives
clever cleverer Cleverest
lazy lazier laziest
intelligent More Most
intelligent intelligent
Rich Richer Richest
Much More Most
Little Less Least
Good Better Best

Use very before 1st degree positive of

adjective:-
Very_____ Adverb of degree

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 He is very clever boy.

 They are very rich.
 This pic is very beautiful.
 He is very good teacher.
 They all are very intelligent.
 He care his parents very much.
 There is very little petrol in my car.
 Always use “much” before the 2nd
degree “comparative” of adjective:-
Much _____Adverb of degree
He is much older than i.
This drawing is much better that one.
They are much cleverer than we.
 Always use of Much with the 3rd form
if it is used in Passive Voice
Much____ if much are used in 3rd form of
passive voice.
 He is much frightened by a lion.
 They are much weakened by sickness.

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 He is much awaited by use.

 The deer was much frightened by the deer.
 Always use very in the presence of 3rd
form if it is used as an adjective:-
 He is very bored.
 He is very frightened.
 He is very interested man.
 If present participle (1st form + ing) is
used as adjective then use very:-
 I am reading a very interesting novel.
 He is very boring man.
 Always use the following with in a
friendly /lovely/ manner/ way.
Friendly, lovely, likely, manly, boldly,
cowardly etc.
Example :_
a) He treated me in a friendly way.
b) They talked in a lovely manner.
c) He faced in a coward manner.
d) He faced in a manly way.

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Rule:-
Some is always used for positive response
while any is always used in interrogative &
negative sentence/ situations.
Example:-
a) I have some books.
b) Do you have any book?
c) He did not have any cup.
d) They have some pots in their house.
Always use many for countable noun
and much for uncountable noun.
 I here many books.
 There are many benches in our school.
 There is much water in the tube.
 I have much milk in the kettle.
If there comes than any after
comparative degree of adjective then
always use other after than any
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 He is taller than any other boy in the class.

 They are richer than any other man in the
area.
 She is more intelligent than any than other
student.
 He is lazier than any other boy in the class.
 You are clever than any other boy of your
class.

Use Adverb Accordingly

Example :-
 He plays well.
 He is walking slowly.
 They run very fast.
Very is used for proper limit while too
is used for unnecessary excessive.
Example:-
 he is very kind to me.
 He is too weak to walk.

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Always use should after lest:-

Example :-
 He works hard lest he should fail.
 He plays well lest he should lose.

Use The Following

Accordingly
Neither + Verb Nor + Verb
Neither + Pronoun Nor + Pronoun
Neither + Noun Nor + Noun
Example :-
 He neither comes nor goes.
 Neither he comes nor he goes.
 Neither Aslam nor Saleem goes.
 Neither does he come nor does he go.
 Neither Aslam comes nor Saleem waits.

See the difference:-

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(Neither, either, between, each )

These are used for two things/ objects/people.
Example:-
 Neither of these two men is absent.
 Either of these two men present.
 The matter is between you and me.
 They both understand each other.

See the difference:-

(None, among, anyone, every, one another,
each other)
These are use for more than two things /
object/ people.
Example:-
 None of these two men is absent.
 Anyone of you can tell me the truth.
 They are fighting with each other.
 They are quarrelling with one another.
 He came here to distribute gifts among us.

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See the difference:-

Positive degree:-
It is used for oneself only.
Example:-
He is a good boy.
Comparative degree:-
It is used for the comparative of two objects.
Example:-
He is better than you.
Superlative degree:-
It is used for the comparison of more than two
all.
Example:-
He is the best of all.

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Correct the following

sentences
 He is too strong.
o He is very strong.
 I am too glad to meet you.
o I am very glad to meet you.
 I am very obliged to you.
o I am much obliged to you.
 It is much interesting book.
o It is very interesting book.
 He is much tired.
o He is very tired.
 I am much pleased with it.
 My servant is too clever.
o My servant is too cleverer.
 I asked merely his name.
o I merely asked his name.
 I never will go to his house.
o I will never go to his house.
 The boys left the hall by and by.
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o The boys left

 He was named as shahid.
He was named shahid.
 He was promoted as D.S.P.
o He was promoted DSP.
 I requested him to kindly help me.
o I requested him, kindly help me.
 I work hardly on Friday.
o I hardly work on Friday.
 He comes here seldom.
o He seldom comes here.
 He treated me miserly.
o He treated me miserly manner.
 He behaved cowardly.
o He behaved in a cowardly manner.
 This letter is bad written.
o This letter is worst written.
 He seldom or ever speak a lie.
o He seldom as ever tell a lie.
 The poor man was much disappointed.

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o The poor man was much disappointed.

 Yes, I shall not do it.
o Yes I will not do it.
 Bread is given free here.
o Bread has given free here.
 Two men are quarlling with one another.
o Two men are quarlling with each other.
 There are much books in my shelf.
o There are many books in my shelf.

ADJECTIV
E
A word which modifies noun or pronoun as
adjective.
Example:-
He is a boy.

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She is an intelligent girl.

Saleem is having an yellowish umbrella.

Degree of adjective:-
Three degrees of adjectives are as follows:-
Positive Comparative Superlatives
degree degree degree
 He is a  He is  The richest
rich boy. richer than of all
 He is a him.  The laziest
lazy boy.  He is lazier of all
 He is a than him.  The best of
good  He is better all
man. than him.  Most
 Much  More  Least
 Little  less
Types of adjective:-
Qualitative Adjective:-
It is describes the quality of some one or some
place and some thing.

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Example:-
He is a intelligent man.
He is a good boy.
Bad, cruel, honesty, (sickness, poverty,
honesty) abstract noun.

Quantitative Adjective:-
It describe the quantity of something.
Example:-
There is enough milk in the jug.
I have few books on poetry.
There is little, some sugar in the jar.

Numerical adjective:-
Numerical adjective describe that number
shows digits.
Example:-
I have 2 books.

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There is 1 pen in my bag.

Adjective of color.
They describe the color of anything.
Example:-
I have blue pen.
There is a greenish bag in the room.

Adjective of shape:-
They describe the shape of anything.
Example:-
It is a round table.
There is an oval shaped stool.

Adjective of size.
They describe the size of anything.
Example:-
He is a tall man.

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He is a short man.
She is a thin girl.

Proper adjective:-
They describe the specific thing.
I have Australian kookaburra ball in my hand
Example:-
I have japans pen in my hand.
I have japans pen in my hand.

Uses of adjective:-
(Senior, junior, prior, superior, inferior,
etc.)
Use “To” after these adjective.
Example:-
He is senior to me.
They are junior to us.
He is not inferior to anyone.

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Do not use (more/ most)

before the following
complete words adjectives.
(Complete, matchless, extreme, entire,
developed, full, unique, etc.)
Example:-
He is a matchless person of the society.
Saeed is a unique doctor of his area.
He was driving his car at fall speed.
They entire family was present in the walima
ceremony of mr.sohail.
We are a developed notion.
Islam is a complete code of life.

Use of the following

accordingly:-
Few/very few:-
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It is used in countable noun.

Example:-
I have few books.
I have very few pencils.
A few:-
Example:-
I have a few books.
I have a few clothes.
The few:-
Example:-
I have lost the few books which I purchased
last year.
st
Adjective (verb+1
form+ing) always comes
after noun:-
Example:-

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This book is worth reading.

The scene of murree is worth enjoy.
Use the following accordingly:-
it is used in uncountable noun.
Example:-
There is little/very little milk in the jug.
A little:-
There is a little milk in the jug.
The little:-
I have made the tea the little milk in the jug.

Do not use double degree

altogether:-
Example:-
He is more wiser than aslam (false)
He is lazier than I. (true)
He is richer than she. (true)

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If the is before words those show

community then don’t use “s/es” with
them and verb will be plural.
Example:-
The poor are not not loved in this world.
The rich are respected everywhere.
The fudel are exploiting the poor in the
society.
Always use 2nd degree in the case of two
noun for the sake of comparison:-
Example:-
He is the taller of the two boys.
She is the richer of the two girls.
I am the lazier of the two.
Always use 3rd degree in the case of
more than two noun for the sake of
comparison:-

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This book is the most interesting of all.

Saleem is the richest of all.
He is the best of all.
If there comes (than) after 2nd degree
then don’t use (the) before 2nd degree:-
He is taller than I.
She is richer than he.
I am lazier than you.

ARTICL
E
It is always used with noun or pronoun.

Types:-
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Two types of article are as follow:-

Definite article (the)
Indefinite article (a,an)

Rules for using article:-

It is used for vowel sounds (an)
Example:-
a e i o u
apple ear ink orange um

Except vowels sound use (a)

Example:-
Honest Hour Bag
Use “an” Use “an” Use “a”
This is article is always used before singular
common noun.
Example:-
I have an umbrella.

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He has a bag.
You have a pen.
You have an orange.

Always use the following as

there are.
 in the positive
 in the negative
 in the affirmative
 in the interrogative
 in the opinion
 in the wrong
 tell/tell a lie
 speaks/speak a truth
 make a noise
 get a headache
Example:-
He always speaks the truth.
He does not tell a lie.

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They are making a noise in the class

They guided me in the wrong way.
He replied in the negative.

Article is always used before

singular common noun:-
Example:-
I have an umbrella.
He has a bag.

Do not use article before

plural noun:-
Example:-
They have cars.
Saleem has many books in his shelf.

Do not use article before

uncountable noun:-
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Example:-
There is milk in the jug.
I have enough water in my glass.
There is petrol in my bag.
I have milk in the glass.

Use Of Definite Article (The)

Abstract Noun:-
Don’t use (the) before the abstract noun.
Example:-
Beauty is truth, truth beauty.
Bravely is the whale mark of our grand army.

Always the can be used with

abstract noun if these are
used as specifications of
something/someone
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The beauty of this wrist watch is amazing.

The bravery of our army is simply
outstanding.

Material noun:-
Don’t use (the) before material noun.
Example:-
Gold is precious metal.
Silver is a valuable material.

Use (the) before material

noun if these are used as
specifications.
The gold used in this jewelery is simply
amazing.
The copper of this fan is pure.

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Always use (the) with the

natural objects or unique
objects of nature
the earth revolves around the sun.
the sun rises in the east.

If any animal is describe as

whole then use (the)
Example:-
the dog is faithful animal.
The cow is innocent animals.
The fox is clever animal.

Use the before adjective as

someone is discussed /
acknowledge universally.
Donot use “s/es” with these
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Example:-
the rich should not hate the poor.
The poor must be regarded as human beings.

Use (the) before 3rd degree

of adjective;-
Example:-
He is the cleverest of all.
He is the tallest of all.
He is the laziest of all.

Use (the) before 2nd degree.

If these is (of) 2nd degree.
Example:-
He is the tallest of the two boys.
The is the laziest of the two.
She is the more intelligent of the two.

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Always use (the) before holy

books:-
Example:-
I am reciting the Holy Quran.
I am reciting the zabur.

Always use (the) before

newspaper & magazines
Example:-
I have crossed the Indus river in the morning.
I have crossed the amazon which is widest of
all.
I have crossed the neil river which is longest
of all rivers.

Always use (the) before

aceans

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The Arabian sea.

The Indian ocean.
The Atlantic ocean.

Always use (the) before

mountains
Example:-
He climbed the mount Everest successfully.

Always use (the) after all and

both
All the boys are present.
Both the boys have stood 1st in their exams.
Sport, language, eatables, disease, etc.
Example:-
He is suffering from malaria.
He is playing cricket.

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They are fluent in English.

My mother is making rice.
She is preparing/making tea.

Subject Verb Agreement

If two nouns/pronouns are used with the
following words then verb will be accordingly
to the first noun/pronoun. In such case 1st
noun/pronoun will be called “subject”.
Noun / pronoun + [with, as long as, but,
instead of, in addition to, except, besides, etc]
+ singular verb (according to the 1st noun/
pronoun)
Example:-
He with I is ill.
I with he am ill.
I instead of he am going to Lahore.

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Use verb/pronoun
accordingly:-
Everyone of these boys are (is) doing their
(his) work.
Each of these boys are (is) going to their (his)
village.

Comparison should be
between two/more than two
similar things:-
Example:-
The fan of that house is faster than that of the
other house.
The fan of that house is faster than the fan
after other house.

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Use plural noun after (one

of) but verb/ pronoun will be
singular:-
[one of + plural noun _____ singular
verb/pronoun]
Example:-
One of these boys are working hard for their
success.
One of these boys is working hard for his
success.

If two nouns/pronouns:-
if two noun/pronoun are used with “either
or /neither nor” then verb will be according to
the case one.
Example:-
Either he or you are responsible for the loss.

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Neither you or I am played well in that match.

Either you or he is baking the cake.

Avoiding of using
repetition:-
Unnecessary
words
repetition

Alternative other
Very Enough
Return Back
Recede Back
Retreat Back
No Any
Unless Do not/does not
Until Do not/does not
Whether If
Suppose If
Penny Not
Forbid Not

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Forbad Not
Lest Not
Front Side
Back Side
Right Side
Lift Side
Example:-
Work hard lest you should (not) fail.
He returned (back) from Lahore yesterday.
He is very kind (enough) to me.
Unless he (does not) comes he will be
responsible.

Choose the correct

statement.
 Either I or he are at fault.
o Either I or he is at fault.
 One of the students are not doing their
work.
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o One of the students is not doing his work.

 Everyone of the men are playing cricket in
their own way.
o Everyone of the men is playing cricket in
his own way.
 Each of student is doing their job.
o Each of student is doing his job.
 Neither he nor you is responsible for this.
o Neither he nor you are responsible.
 One of the woman are cooking their
kitchen.
o One of the woman is cooking her kitchen.
 He has no any book.
o He has no book.
 He is very kind enough to help me.
o He is very kind to help me.
 The front side of the car is not beautiful.
o The front of the car is not beautiful.
 The gate of my house is graceful than
other.

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o The gate of that house is graceful than that

of the other.
 What will you do suppose if you miss the
train.
o What will you do suppose you miss the
train.
 He did not forbid me to pluck the flower.
o He did forbad me to pluck the flower.
 Each of the woman have arrived with their
children.
o Each of the woman has arrived with her
children.
 He there is not other alternative plan for
this.
o He there is not alternative plan for this.
 He had not denied to help me.
o He had denied to help me.

CONJUNCTION
Rule # 1(no sooner) sentence:
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This sort of sentence is of two clauses and

(than) is used to join (no sooner) type of
sentence.
Example:-
I no sooner reached the house than it started to
rain.
I no sooner reached the railway station than
the train steamed off.
Rule # 2:-
No sooner did I reach the house than it started
raining / it started to rain.
I no sooner reached the play ground than the
match comes to an end.
Rule # 3:-
Conjunction (and) is used after both.
Example:-
He is both wise and hardworking.
He is both brave and clever.
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He is both naughty and intelligent.

Rule # 4:-
[as…….as] is used for both positive and
negative sentence but [so…….as] is only used
for negative sentences.
Example:-
He is as tall as I .
He is not tall as I /you.
He is not so tall as I .
He is not so clever as I.
Use subjective case of pronoun after
(as/than)
Example:-
He is as tall as I
He is taller than I
She is as wise as you
She is wiser than I
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Use subjective case of pronoun if

there comes (both/all of) after as and
than.
Example:-
He is as tall as all of us.
He is as wise as both of us.
He is as lazy as all of us.
He is as clever as both of us.
Donot use (but and yet) in the
following case of although and
though.
Example:-
Although he is poor yet he works honesty.
Though he is very old but he runs quickly.
Although he is very fat yet he can run fast.
Though he is weak but he works quickly.

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Use (when / before) If (hardly/

scarcely) is present.
Example:-
He had hardly gone out when it started to
rain / raining.
He had scarcely reached the station when the
train started to depart.
Use the following accordingly
But also + verb:-
Example:-
he not only writes but also reads.
He not only walks but also runs.
Not only + pronoun:-
Example:-
Not only he comes but also he goes.
Not only they eat but also they think.

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But also + adjective:-

Example:-
He is not only intelligent but also wise.
For possession apostrophe is used for
living being, organization, countries
etc.
Example:-
Cotton is Pakistan important crop.
This is salims book.
I shall accept committees decision.
For possession of is used for living
being:-
Example:-
The fan of this room is working well.
The chair of this room are well polished.

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Use subject after present participle os

used at first.
Example:-
Closing the door the went to sleep.
Opening the book I learnt my lesson.
See the difference:-
Noon _______exactly 12:00pm
Afternoon ______after 12:00pm
Evening _______exactly 12:00am at night to
12:00pm day
Night _______till sleeping time at night.
O clock us used for full hour
Example:-
I met him at 7’o clock.
We shall play match 9’o clock to morning.
See the difference;-

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Last ______(something that is related to past)

Lastest______fresh (headline breaking news)
Example:-
I stood first in the last exams.
I did not do well in my last appearance as a
player.
What do you know about his latest
performance as a player.
What is the latest approach of salim to go
through the exams
See the difference;-
Beside______someone/something which is
near to someone/ something.
Example:-
He is sitting beside me.
They are sitting beside us.
Beside_______in addition to/except for

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Example:-
Beside briery some other factors are disturbing
our society.
If as/ when are used aat the start of
sentence there will be two clauses in
that sentence.
Example:-
As I reached the station, the train had gone.
When he comes, I shall meet him.
Uses of (due to)
Example:-
He is ill due to cold.
Due to illness he cannot comes.
Due to injury he will not play match.

PREPOSITION
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A preposition is a verb which shows the

relationship between noun or pronoun.
Example:-
She is going to Lahore.
Preposition of time:-
In, on, at, of, for, with, inside, about, across,
after, out, before, since by.
Example:-
he was born after two minutes of my birth.
He was born before three minutes of my birth.
It is about 5 O’clock.
He will meet me at 10pm
The new born baby was crying for milk.
Preposition of place:-
“At” is used for specific place.
Example:-

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he knocked at the door.

He reached at the railway station before the
arrival of the train.
Simple preposition:-
A preposition which contain only a work is
know as simple preposition.
Example:-
The water is in the jug.
The book is on the table.
The cat is on the wall.
The cat is under the table.
The picture is hanging on the wall.
The boy is playing in the ground.
He is walking on the grass.
He is sitting beside me.
The pickle is in the jar.
She was sitting on the roof.

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The stars are shinning in the sky.

The birds are singing in the trees.
Students are sitting on their benches.
He is sitting in the arm chair.
Rain drops are falling on the leaves of the tree
after drop.
He lives near my house.
Preposition of direction:-
The sun rise in the east.
There is Pakistan on my right while india on
left.
The sun sets in the west.
The train is proceeding through the sandy
area.
Preposition:-
It is used to create a relation.
Agent:-
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One who does work for others is known as

pigment.
Preposition of agent:-
Preposition of agent also does the same job in
a sentence.
(by, with, without, about, because of, due to,
between, etc.)

Example:-
Example:-
The books is written by iqbal.
He stood first in the exams by the dint of hard
work.
This land is a bone of contention between two
brothers.
Because of illness he cannot come to school.
This book is about Persian poetry.

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He won the match with the help of a brilliant

sixer.
We cannot win the match without salim.
Shahid afridi a great job for Pakistan team.
Preposition of location / place /
direction:-
He opens a new shop at edge of his street.
His house is situated In taqwa colony .
The book is on the table.
He is proceeding towards Lahore.
The train is passing through woods for
Karachi.
He lives near my house.
He is sitting beside me.
The son sets in the west.
The thief is inside the room.

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Correct the following

sentences
Used [in, on, at, of, for, with, by,
about, beside, through, from, before,
after, under, into, until, because,
inside, up, due, because of, between,
near]
 The train is passing through the fields.
 He cannot get success until if he work
hard.
 He always sits beside me.
 Iqbal was born in jhang near my house.
 He was driving his car at full speed.
 Police came there because the thief was
inside the house.
 He was running after the dacoits.
 He helped after seeing me in trouble.
 Who was knocking at the door?

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 He is fond of playing chess.

 I met him before it was about 6 O’clock.
 The cat was eying the rat up.
 What is the distance between Lahore from
jhang.
 The new born baby was crying for milk.
 He should not look down the poor.
 What do you know about him.
 For what purpose you are proceeding
towards Lahore.
 Beside this there some other things also
 Teacher always welcome his students with
peculiar smile.
 I reached at the station before the
departure of the train.
Fill up the following sentences.
[until, about, unless, and, from, with, down,
upon, up, in, on, of, for, at, after, against,
through]
 He has invited us at lunch.
 Let me introduce to my friend.
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 I will stand by you at the end.

 In this he was at fault.
 He was suffering from fever.
 He has given up smoking.
 Do not look down the poor.
 He has no complaint for you.
 He died for want of food.
 He is addicted to gambling.
 My statement is baised of facts.
 The cat is afraid of the dog.
 He was accused of theft.
 Do not boast of your power.
 I prefer milk to tea.
 Do not laugh at the power.
 Do not look down upon the poor.
 Khalid deats fairly to his friends.
 Do not blame him for accident.
 I looked at the window in the busy street.
 He aims about passing the exams.
 Do not beat about the bush.
 He is endowed with wonderful intelligent.
 He hankers for wealth.
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 I congratulate him on his success.

 I was late in office today.
 Death is preferable to the leaders.
 Xona will tide over the difficulties.
 He is used to it.
 He writes in blue ink.
Double preposition:-
A preposition which is the combination of two
basic simple preposition is known as double
preposition.
[onto, into, up to, upon, out of, inside, from,
behind, throughout, next to, within, because
of, with the help of, due to]
 Example:-
 The car jumped on to the terrace.
 The thief climbed up onto the water pipe.
 He jumped into the river.
 Police wanted to lock him into the jail.
 Once upon a time there was a crow.
 We should not look down upon the poor.

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 The car was running out of fuel / control.

 He came here from behind the curtain.
 There was a complete silence throughout
my lecture.
 The lion was locked up inside the cage.
 He lives next to my door/house.
 There came a strange sound from within
his body.
 He can only win just because of your
support.
 He is unable to report due to illness.
 We won the match with the help of a
great six.
 He got success by the dint of hard work.
 It is up to you to solute the situation.

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