1. In a d.c generator, the generated e.m.

f is directly proportional to the

Pole flux

Number of armature parallel paths

Number of dummy coils

Number of brushes

2. As the load is increased, the speed of a d.c shunt motor

Increases proportionately

Remains constant

Increases slightly

Reduces slightly

3. The sole purpose of a commutator in a d.c generator is to

Increase output voltage

Reduce sparking at the brushes

Provide smoother output

Convert induced a.c into d.c

4. Main purpose of performing an open-circuit test on a transformer is to measure its

Copper Loss

Core loss

Total loss

Insulation Resistance

5. The saving in copper achieved by converting a 2-winding transformer into an

Voltage transformation ratio

Load on secondary
Magnetic quality of core material

Size of transformer core

6. The current drawn by a 120 V d.c motor of armature resistance 0.5 ohms and back
emf 110 V is ____ ampere.

20

240

220

7. A transformer having 1000 primary turns is connected to a 250 V a.c supply. For a
secondary voltage of 400 V, the number of secondary turns should be

1600

250

400

1250

8. When load is removed, _____ motor will run at the highest speed.

Shunt

Cumulative Compound

Differential Compound

Series

9. If the pole flux of a d.c motor approaches zero, its speed will

Approach zero

Approach Infinity

No change due to corresponding change in back emf

Approach a stable value somewhere between zero and infinity

Armature

Field

Load

Brushes

11. The most economical method of finding no-load losses of a large d.c shunt motor is
_____ test.

Hopkinson’s

Swinburne’s

Retardation

Field

12. While performing short-circuit test of a transformer

High voltage side is usually short circuited

Low voltage side is usually short circuited

Any side is short circuited with preference

None of the above

13. The voltage build-up process of a d.c generator is

difficult

delayed

cumulative

Infinite
14. No-load saturation characteristics of a d.c generator gives relation between

V and Ia

E and Ia

E0 and If

V and If

15. The equivalent resistance of the primary of a transformer having K = 5 and R1 = 0.1
ohm when referred to secondary becomes ____ ohms.

0.5

0.02

0.004

2.5

16. Retardation test on a d.c shunt motor is used for finding ______ losses.

Stray

Copper

Friction

Iron

17. A transformer has negative voltage regulation when its load power factor is

Zero

Unity

Leading

Lagging
18. The primary and secondary induced e.m.fs, E1 and E2 in a two-winding transformer
are always

Equal in magnitude

Antiphase with each other

In-Phase with each other

Determined by load on transformer secondary

19. Mechanical power developed by armature of a d.c motor is equal to

Armature current multiplied by back e.mf

Power output multiplied by efficiency

Power input minus losses

Power output plus iron losses

20. For the voltage build-up of a self-excited d.c generator, which of the following is not
an essential condition?

There must be some residual flux

Field winding mmf must aid the residual flux

Total field circuit resistance must be less than the critical value

Armature speed must be very high

21. Why armature is made with number of laminations?

Reduce copper loss

Reduce eddy current loss

Reduce cost

Reduce Size
22. Shunt generator will build up voltage only if field circuit resistance is_______ than
critical field resistance.

more

less

equal

10% more

23. Fleming’s left-hand rule is applicable for

DC motor

DC generator

Both

None of these

24. Commutator segments of a DC machine are made up of _______.

Mica

Copper

Rubber

all of these

25. Hopkinson’s test is also known as

Regenerative test

Retardation test

Indirect test

all of these
26. The most economical method of finding no-load losses of a large d.c shunt motor is
---------- test.

Hopkinson’s

Swinburne’s

Retardation

Field

27. Eddy current losses of transformer is directly proportional to

Frequency

Thickness of lamination

Maximum flux density

All of these

28. Condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer is-----

Copper loss equal to core loss

Copper loss more than core loss

Copper loss less than core loss

All of these

29. Open circuit test gives

Iron loss

Copper loss

Heat loss

Both a & b
30. Variable loss of transformer is ________

copper loss

Iron loss

Hysteresis loss

Eddy current loss

31. Define armature reaction in a DC generator.

32. Expand GNA and MNA.

33. List the parameters that are testing on a dc machines under Retardation test.

34. Mention various types of losses in the transformer. Also mention the reason for there
no presence of mechanical losses in the transformer?
Define Voltage regulation of transformer.
1. a) With a neat figure explain the constructional features and the working
principle of a D.C Generator.
b) A D.C shunt generator delivers 195 A at a terminal voltage of 250 V. The
armature resistance and field resistance are 0.02 ohms and 50 ohms
respectively. The iron and friction losses equal 950 W. Find
a) E.M.F Generated
b) Copper Losses
c) Output of prime motor
d) Commercial, Mechanical and Electrical Efficiencies
2. a) With a neat figure explain the load saturation curve, internal and external
characteristics of a self-excited D.C shunt generator.

b) Define critical field resistance. Mention the causes for failure of a d.c shunt
generator to self-excite along-with the remedial measures.
3 a) Explain the necessity of a starter. With a neat sketch, describe the operation
of a 3-point starter.
b) Find no-load and full-load speeds for a four pole, 220 V and 20 KW shunt
motor having the following data:
Field Current: 5A, Armature Resistance: 0.04 ohms, Flux per pole: 0.04 Wb,
Number of armature conductors: 160, Two circuit wave connection,
Full load current :95 A and No-load current : 9 A
4 a) Briefly explain the methods of speed control for a D.C shunt Motor.
b) A 6 pole, 500 V wave connected D.C shunt motor has 1200 armature
conductors and useful flux per pole of 20mWb. Armature and field
resistances are 0.5 ohms and 250 ohms respectively. What will be speed
and torque developed by motor when it draws 20 A from supply mains? If
magnetic and mechanical losses amount to 900 W. Find
1. Useful Torque
2. Output in KW
3. Efficiency at this load
5 a) With a neat figure explain Regenerative test in a D.C machine.
b) The Hopkinson’s test on two similar shunt machines gave the following full-
load data:
Line voltage: 110 V
Line current: 48 A
Motor armature current: 230 A
Field currents are 3 A and 3.5 A
Armature resistance of each is 0.035 ohms.
Calculate the efficiency of each machine assuming a brush contact drop of
1 volt per brush.
6 a) Describe how you find the efficiency of a dc motor using Swinburne’s test.
 b) A retardation test is carried on a 1000 rpm dc machine. Time taken for the
speed to fall from 1030 rpm to 970 rpm is
I ) 36 sec with no excitation
II) 15 sec with full excitation
III) 9 sec with full excitation and armature supplying an extra load of 10A at
219 V. Calculate moment of inertia of armature in kg.m2 , iron losses and
mechanical losses at a mean speed of 1000 rpm.
7 a) Derive the e.m.f equation of a single phase transformer.
b) The core of a three phase, 50 Hz, 11000/550 V delta/star, 300 KVA, core-
type transformer operates with flux of 0.05 Wb. Find
1. Number of H.V and L.V turns per phase
2. e.m.f per turn
3. Full-load H.V and L.V phase currents

8 a) Discuss the differences between a core type and a shell type transformer
b) A 600 KVA, Single phase transformer has an efficiency of 92% both at full-
load and half-load at unity power factor. Determine its efficiency at 60% of
full-load at 0.8 power factor lag.
9 a) Explain parallel operation of single phase transformers with equal voltage
ratios.
b) Obtain equivalent circuit of a 200/400V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer
from the following test data:
O. C test: 200V, 0.7 A, 70 W - on l.v side
S. C test: 15V, 10 A, 85W - on h.v side.
Calculate secondary voltage when delivering 5KW at 0.8 pf lagging, primary
voltage being 200V
10 a) Why is parallel operation of transformers required? Explain the conditions
for parallel operation of transformers.
b) Two 2,200/110 V, transformers are operated in parallel to share a load of 125
KVA at 0.8 pf lagging. The transformers are rated as below:
A: 100 KVA, 0.9% resistance and 10% reactance
B: 50 KVA, 1.0% resistance and 5% reactance.
Find the load carried by each transformer.
11. a) Explain the working principle and constructional features of DC generator
in detail with a suitable diagram.
b) Explain the characteristics of a separately excited DC shunt generator.
12. a) A shunt generator delivers 195A at a terminal p.d of 250 V. The armature
resistance and shunt field resistance are 0.02 ohms and 50 ohms
respectively. The iron and friction losses equal 950 W. Find a) EMF
generated b) Copper losses c) Output of the prime motor d) Commercial,
mechanical and electrical efficiencies.
b) Explain the action of commutator with a neat diagram.
13 a) With necessary curves explain the different characteristics of a DC motor.
b) A DC motor takes an armature current of 110A at 480V. The armature
 circuit resistance is 0.2 ohms. The machine has 6-poles and armature is
lap connected with 864 conductors. The flux per pole is 0.05 Wb.
Calculate i) speed and ii) gross torque developed by the armature.
14 a) Explain the different speed control approaches of DC Shunt motor in
detail. Also plot the characteristic curves.
b) What is the necessity of starter? With neat diagram explain the function of
three point starter. Also mention the drawback of 3 point starter.
15 a) Briefly explain efficiency calculation by brake test.
b) In a brake test on a d.c shunt motor, the tensions on the two sides of the
brake were 2.9 kg and 0.17 kg. Radius of the pulley was 7cm. Input current
was 2A at 230V. The motor speed was 1500 rpm. Find the torque, power-
output and efficiency.
16 a) With a suitable circuit diagram, explain the procedure and calculations for
finding the efficiency of a d.c shunt machine acting as a motor and a
generator using Hopkinson’s test.
b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Swinburne’s test.
17 a) With neat sketch explain the working principle and construction of a
transformer.
b) A 25KVA, single phase transformer has 250 turns on primary and 40 turns
on the secondary winding. The primary is connected to 1500 volts, 50Hz
mains. Calculate,
I) Primary and secondary currents on full-load
II) Secondary e.m.f
III) Maximum flux in the core.
18 a) Explain the no-load condition of practical transformer in brief with phasor
diagram.
b) A 25KVA, 2200/220V, 50Hz, single phase transformer has following
parameters: R1=1.25ohm, R2=0.0225ohm, X1=3.5ohm and X2= 0.0045 ohm.
Calculate: (a) Equivalent resistance referred to primary and secondary (b)
Equivalent reactance referred to primary and secondary.
19 a) Obain eqivalent circuit of a 200/400V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer
from the following test data:
O. C test: 200V, 0.7 A, 70 W - on l.v side
S. C test: 15V, 10 A, 85W - on h.v side.
Calculate secondary voltage when delivering 5KW at 0.8 pf lagging,
primary viltage being 200V.
b) With neat sketch explain the Back to Back test on single phase
transformers.
20 a) Two similar 250 KVA, single phase transformers gave the following results
when tested by back to back method:
Mains Wattmeter, W1 = 5 KW
Secondary series circuit wattmeter, W2 = 7.5 KW ( at full -load). Find out
individual transformer efficiencies at 75% full-load and 0.8 p.f lead.
b) Explain parallel operation of transformer with equal voltage ratio.