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Assignment 3 2

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45 views

Assignment 3 2

Uploaded by

Jigyanshu Pati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Heat Transfer (ME30005)


Assignment-3

1. Steam at a temperature of 250°C flows through a steel pipe of 60-mm inside diameter
and 75-mm outside diameter. The convection coefficient between the steam and the
inner surface of the pipe is 500 W/m 2·K, while that between the outer surface of the
pipe and the surroundings is 25 W/m 2·K. The pipe emissivity is 0.8, and the
temperature of the air and the surroundings is 20°C. What is the heat loss per unit
length of pipe?
[k=56.5 W/m·K.]

Φ 75mm
25 W/m2·K, 20°C

Φ 60mm

500 W/m2·K, 250°C

2. Consider one-dimensional conduction in a plane composite wall. The outer surfaces


are exposed to a fluid at 25°C and a convection heat transfer coefficient of 1000
W/m2·K. The middle wall B experiences uniform heat generation q̇B, while there is no
heat generation in walls A and C. The temperatures at the interfaces are T1=261°C and
T2=211°C.
(a) Determine the volumetric heat generation q̇B and the thermal conductivity kB.
3. Consider two long, slender rods of the same diameter but different materials. One end
of each rod is attached to a base surface maintained at 100°C, while the surfaces of
the rods are exposed to ambient air at 20°C. It was observed that the temperatures of
the rods were equal at the positions xA = 0.15 m and xB = 0.075 m, where x is
measured from the base surface. If the thermal conductivity of rod A is known to be
kA = 70 W/m·K, determine the value of kB for rod B.

4. A nuclear fuel element of thickness 2L is covered with a steel cladding of thickness b.


Heat generated within the nuclear fuel at a rate q̇ is removed by a fluid at T∞, which
adjoins one surface and is characterized by a convection coefficient h. The other
surface is well insulated, and the fuel and steel have thermal conductivities of kf and
ks, respectively. Obtain an equation for the temperature distribution T(x) in the nuclear
fuel. Express your results in terms of q̇, kf, L, b, ks, h, and T∞.
5. The energy transferred from the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea varies
considerably depending on whether a contact lens is worn. Treat the eye as a spherical
system and assume the system to be at steady state. The convection coefficient ho is
unchanged with and without the contact lens in place. The cornea and the lens cover
one-third of the spherical surface area.
a. Construct the thermal circuits, labelling all potentials and flows for the
systems excluding the contact lens and including the contact lens. Write
resistance elements in terms of appropriate parameters.
b. Determine the heat loss from the anterior chamber with and without the
contact lens in place.
c. Discuss the implication of your results.

6. A disk-shaped transistor, which is mounted in an insulating medium, dissipates


0.25W during steady state operation. To reduce the temperature of the transistor, it is
proposed that a hollow copper tube be attached to the transistor as shown in the
figure. The outer surface of the tube is exposed to ambient air at T∞ = 25 °C with a
convection coefficient of h = 50 W/m2·K. As a first approximation, heat transfer from
the interior surface of the tube and from the exposed surface of the transistor may be
neglected.
a. What is the temperature of the transistor with the fin?
b. What is the temperature of the transistor without fin if h and T∞ remain the
same?
[k = 400 W/m·K]

7. Determine the percentage increase in heat transfer associated with attaching


aluminium fins of rectangular profile to a plane wall. The fins are 50 mm long, 0.5
mm thick, and are equally spaced at a distance of 4 mm (250 fins/m). The convection
coefficient associated with the bare wall is 40 W/m2·K while that resulting from
attachment of the fins is 30 W/m2·K. [k = 240 W/m·K; Width = 0.1m]

8. A two-dimensional rectangular plate is subjected to the uniform temperature boundary


conditions as shown in the schematic below. Using the results of the exact solution for
the heat equation, calculate the temperature at the midpoint (1, 0.5) by considering the
first five non-zero terms of the infinite series that must be evaluated. Assess the error
resulting from using only the first three terms of the infinite series.
9. Circular copper rod of diameter D = 1 mm and length L = 25 mm are used to enhance
heat transfer from a surface that is maintained at TS,1 = 100°C. One end of the rod is
attached to this surface (at x = 0), while the other end (x = 25 mm) is joined to a
second surface, which is maintained at TS,2 = 0°C. Air flowing between the surfaces
(and over the rods) is also at a temperature of T∞ = 0°C, and a convection coefficient
of h = 100 W/m2·K is maintained.
a. What is the rate of heat transfer by convection from a single copper rod to the
air?
b. What is the total rate of heat transfer from a 1-m by 1-m section of the surface
at 100°C, if a bundle of the rods is installed on 4-mm centers?

TS,1 = 100°C

TS,2 = 0°C 25 mm

T∞ = 0°C
h = 100 W/m2·K

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