Linear Programming

Transportation Models

Chapter 6

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 Chapter Topics

■ The Transportation Model

■ Computer Solution of a Transportation Problem
■ The Transshipment Model
■ Computer Solution of a Transshipment Problem
■ The Assignment Model
■ Computer Solution of an Assignment Problem

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 Overview

■ Part of a class of LP problems known as network flow models.

■ Special mathematical features that permit very efficient, unique

solution methods (variations of traditional simplex procedure).
■ Detailed description of methods is contained on the companion
website
■ Text focuses on model formulation and solution with Excel and
QM for windows.

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 The Transportation Model: Characteristics

■ A product is transported from a number of sources to a number of

destinations at the minimum possible cost.
■ Each source is able to supply a fixed number of units of the
product, and each destination has a fixed demand for the
product.
■ The linear programming model has constraints for supply at
each source and demand at each destination.
■ All constraints are equalities in a balanced transportation model
where supply equals demand.
■ Constraints contain inequalities in unbalanced models where
supply does not equal demand.

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 Transportation Model Example
Problem Definition and Data
How many tons of wheat to transport from each grain
elevator to each mill on a monthly basis in order to
minimize the total cost of transportation?
Grain Elevator Supply Mill Demand

1. Kansas City 150 A. Chicago 220

2. Omaha 175 B. St. Louis 100

3. Des Moines 275 C. Cincinnati 300

Total 600 tons Total 600 tons

Transport Cost from Grain Elevator to Mill ($/ton)
Grain Elevator A. Chicago B. St. Louis C. Cincinnati
1. Kansas City $6 $8 $ 10
2. Omaha 7 11 11
3. Des Moines 4 5 12

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 Transportation Model Example
Problem Definition and Data
How many tons of wheat to transport from each grain elevator to
each mill on a monthly basis in order to minimize the total cost of
transportation? (need single sourcing)
Grain Elevator Supply Mill Demand

1. Kansas City 400 A. Chicago 220

2. Omaha 200 B. St. Louis 100

3. Des Moines 300 C. Cincinnati 300

Total 600 tons Total 600 tons

Transport Cost from Grain Elevator to Mill ($/ton)
Grain Elevator A. Chicago B. St. Louis C. Cincinnati
1. Kansas City $6 $8 $ 10
2. Omaha 7 11 11
3. Des Moines 4 5 12

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 Transportation Model Example
Transportation Network Routes

Figure 6.1 Network of Transportation Routes for Wheat

Shipments
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 Transportation Model Example
Model Formulation
Minimize Z = $6x1A + 8x1B + 10x1C + 7x2A + 11x2B + 11x2C +
4x3A + 5x3B + 12x3C
subject to:
x1A + x1B + x1C = 150
x2A + x2B + x2C = 175
x3A + x3B + x3C = 275
x1A + x2A + x3A = 200
x1B + x2B + x3B = 100
x1C + x2C + x3C = 300
xij 0
xij = tons of wheat from each grain elevator, i, i = 1, 2, 3,
to each mill j, j = A,B,C

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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 4)

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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 4)

Exhibit 6.2
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (3 of 4)

Exhibit
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (4 of 4)

Figure 6.2 Transportation Network

Solution 6-0
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel QM (1 of 3)

Exhibit 6.4
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel QM (2 of 3)

Exhibit 6.5
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel QM (3 of 3)

Exhibit 6.6
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with QM for Windows (1 of
3)

Exhibit 6.7
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with QM for Windows (2 of 3)

Exhibit 6.8
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 Transportation Model Example
Computer Solution with QM for Windows (3 of 3)

Exhibit 6.9
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 The Transshipment Model
Characteristics
■ Extension of the transportation model.
■ Intermediate transshipment points are added between the
sources and destinations.
■ Items may be transported from:
● Sources through transshipment points to destinations
● One source to another
● One transshipment point to another S T
1 1 D
● One destination to another
T2 1
● Directly from sources to destinations S
2
● Some combination of these

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 Transshipment Model Example
Problem Definition and Data
Extension of the transportation model in which
intermediate transshipment points are added between
sources and destinations.
Shipping
Costs
Grain Elevator
Farm 3. Kansas City 4. Omaha 5. Des Moines
1. $16 10 12
2.
Nebraska 15 14 17
Colorado

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 Transshipment Model Example
Transshipment Network Routes

Figure 6.3 Network of Transshipment

Routes
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 Transshipment Model Example
Model Formulation
Minimize Z = $16x13 + 10x14 + 12x15 + 15x23 + 14x24
+ 17x25 + 6x36 + 8x37 + 10x38 + 7x46 + 11x47
+ 11x48 + 4x56 + 5x57 + 12x58
subject to:
x13 + x14 + x15 = 300
x23 + x24 + x25 = 300
x36 + x46 + x56 = 200
x37 + x47 + x57 = 100
x38 + x48 + x58 = 300
x13 + x23 - x36 - x37 - x38 = 0
x14 + x24 - x46 - x47 - x48 = 0
x15 + x25 - x56 - x57 - x58 = 0
xij 0
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 Transshipment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 3)

Exhibit 6.10
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 Transshipment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 3)

Exhibit 6.11
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 Transshipment Model Example
Network Solution for Wheat Shipping (3 of 3)

Figure
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 The Assignment Model
Characteristics

■ Special form of linear programming model similar to

the transportation model.
■ Supply at each source and demand at each destination
limited to one unit.
■ In a balanced model supply equals demand.

■ In an unbalanced model supply does not equal demand.

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 Assignment Model Example
Problem Definition and Data
Problem: Assign four teams of officials to four games in
a way that will minimize total distance traveled by the
officials. Supply is always one team of officials, demand
is for only one team of officials at each game.

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 Assignment Model Example
Model Formulation
Minimize Z = 210xAR + 90xAA + 180xAD + 160xAC +
100xBR +70xBA
+ 130xBD + 200xBC + 175xCR + 105xCA +140xCD
+ 170xCC + 80xDR + 65xDA + 105xDD + 120xDC
subject to:
xAR + xAA + xAD + xAC = 1 xij 0
xBR + xBA + xBD + xBC = 1
xCR + xCA + xCD + xCC = 1
xDR + xDA + xDD + xDC = 1
xAR + xBR + xCR + xDR = 1
xAA + xBA + xCA + xDA = 1
xAD + xBD + xCD + xDD = 1
xAC + xBC + xCC + xDC = 1

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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 3)

Exhibit 6.12
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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 3)

Exhibit 6.13
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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel (3 of 3)

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Exhibit 6-0
6.14

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 Assignment Model Example
Assignment Network Solution

Figure
6-0
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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with Excel QM

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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with QM for Windows (1 of
2)

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Exhibit 6.16 6-0

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 Assignment Model Example
Computer Solution with QM for Windows (2 of 2)

Exhibit 6.17
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 Example Problem Solution
Transportation Problem Statement
Determine the linear programming model formulation
and solve using Excel:

Construction site
Plant A B C Supply (tons)
1 $8 $5 $6 120
2 15 10 12 80
3 3 9 10 80
Demand (tons) 150 70 100

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 Example Problem Solution
Model Formulation

Minimize Z = $8x1A + 5x1B + 6x1C + 15x2A + 10x2B +

12x2C
+3x3A + 9x3B + 10x3C
subject to:
x1A + x1B + x1C = 120
x2A + x2B + x2C = 80
x3A + x3B + x3C = 80
x1A + x2A + x3A 150
x1B + x2B + x3B 70
x1C + x2C + x3C 100
xij 0

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 Example Problem Solution
Computer Solution with Excel

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