Name:_______________________________________ Strand/Section_____________: Score:_____ ____%

Good morning! This is supposed to check how far you have gone in preparing your research instrument for your
final research output in our subject: Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion. Before we get going, let us be reminded of
the following:

What is a research instrument? b. Structure. The conduct of questioning follows

a particular progression and has a well-
A research instrument is a tool used to collect,
defined content. The interviewer does not
measure, and analyze the data collected by the
ask questions that are not part of the
researcher. It is determined by the researcher himself
questionnaire although he may ask the
and is tied to the study methodology.
interviewee to clarify his answers.
c. Semi-Structured. There is a specific set of
questions, but there are additional probes
What are the characteristics of a good research that may come in the form of follow-up
instrument? questions that are included in the list of
Experts agree on the following characteristics of original questions. Through this process, the
a good research instrument: researcher can gather additional data to add
depth and significance to his findings.
1. Valid and reliable
2. Based on a conceptual framework, or the 1.2.Group Interviews are conducted with several
researchers understanding of the variables in his respondents and may be used when certain effect is
study. desired, or if a topic calls for it. Here, interviewer
3. Must gather data suitable for and relevant to the often use topic guides which resemble interview
research topic. schedules, but are less restrictive in structure to
4. Able to test the hypothesis and answer the allow a more dynamic and free discussion flow.
proposed questions. a. Focused Group Discussion. Participants
5. Free of bias and personal judgement. are selected according to a set of
6. Contains clear and definite instructions. criteria.
What are the types of research instruments? b. Natural Group Discussion is where the
participants belong to a group that
Research instruments are classified according exists independently of the study.
to data collection techniques as follows: 2. Observation enables the researcher to conduct
research in an immense manner, collecting data on
1.1.Interviews are conversation designed to obtain
natural phenomena or behavior as it occurs. The
specific kinds of information. The skill of an
instrument used is called observation checklist or
interviewer is necessary to enable the interviewee
observation guide which is quantitative in nature,
to express his thoughts clearly and narrate life’s
and makes use of ratings or numerical rankings;
experiences relevant to the research topic and
observation guides are more qualitative, and allow
goals. Here, data can be recorded on audiotapes or
for more general, descriptive documentation.
videotapes with the permission of the respondent.
It is important for the interviewer to prepare a
guide or a list of questions ahead of time. Some
also call it interview schedule to ensure that the 3. Surveys also known as questionnaires are the most
interview stays on track and even to give the commonly used instruments particularly in
interview the desired amount of structure. quantitative research. It is a list of planned, written
Types: questions about a particular topic, with spaces
a. Unstructured. A less formal set of questions provided for the response to each question,
is required of an interviewee who may intended to be answered by a number of persons.
modify its sequencing and wording as It can also be structured – possible answers are
needed. provided and respondents may just have to select
 from them; or unstructured which contains open- _______________________________________
ended questions with no options and respondents
are free to answer however they wish. Structured
surveys are quantitative while unstructured ones 3. Specific Objectives or Research Questions:
are qualitative.
4. Scales. particularly used in quantitative research,
the data collected via various instruments needs to 1. _______________________________________
be managed in a reasonable manner. Following are
scales used in research to make respondents’ _______________________________________
answers uniformly measurable: _______________________________________
a. Likert Scale. A common scaling technique which
consists of several declarative statements 2. _______________________________________
expressing a viewpoint on a topic. The _______________________________________
respondents are asked to indicate how much
they agree or disagree on statements and _______________________________________
answers are usually in the form of acronyms
such as SA for Strongly Agree, A for Agree, D for
Disagree and SD for Strongly Disagree. 3. _______________________________________

_______________________________________
b. Semantic Differential Scale asks respondents to
rate concepts or a series of bipolar objectives. _______________________________________
Its advantage is that it is flexible and easy to
construct.
Reference:

Cristobal, A. and Cristobal MC. Practical Research 1 for Senior High 2. Craft a research instrument which you will use to
School. C&E Publishing.2017. pp. 185-202 gather data on each of your objectives/questions. (You
may use extra sheet of paper if necessary)

Task 1: Go back to your research paper and write down

the following:
Note: You barely have 48 hours to
1. Title:___________________________________ complete these tasks. So start working and
when done, submit a soft copy via gmail at:
[email protected]. Give me a
message via class group messenger chat so I
2. Research Objective:______________________
can check and return them to you at once for
data gathering. God bless you!