Key Concepts Definite

b
b
Definition: If f is continuous in (a, b) and bounded then  f (x) dx = F(x) a
= F(b) – F(a) is
a
called the definite integral of f(x) between the limits a and b.
d
where F( x )   f ( x )
dx
Very Important:
b
1. If  f (x ) dx = 0, then the equation f (x) = 0 has atleast one root in (a, b) provided f is
a
continuous in (a, b).
Note that the converse is not true.
e.g. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then the QE ax2 + bx + c = 0 must have a root in (0, 1)
b
2. (a) If f (x) > 0 in (a, b) then  f ( x ) dx > 0 provided a < b.
a

r
b b

(b)  f (x ) dx   | f (x ) | dx

3.
a
a

 f (x ) dx = 0 only if
a
a

f (a) is defined.
si
.B
0
dt
e.g.  0
0
t
G

b g 1 ( b )
4.  f ( x ) · dg( x ) =  f (x ) · g' (x ) dx .
1
[a and b are limit of g (x)]
a
@

g (a )
Note that when g (x) = b then x = g–1(b) and g(x) = a then x = g–1(a);
b
 d  b
5.   dx f (x)  dx  f (x)a if f(x) is continuous in (a, b) however if f(x) is discontinuous
a
b
 d  c b
at x = c  (a, b) then   f (x)  dx  f (x)a  f (x)  [convergent and divergent]
dx c
a 
b  b
6. Lim  f n (x)dx     Lim f n (x) dx ;

n     n  
a  a
7. If g (x) is the inverse of f (x) and f (x) has domain x  [a, b] where f (a) = c and
b d
f (b) = d then the value of  f (x) dx +  g(y) dy = (bd – ac)
a c

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite
8. Remember the values of the following def. integral
/2 /2 /2 / 2
2 2 
(a)  sin x dx =  cos x dx =1 (b)  sin x dx   cos x dx 
4
0 0 0 0
/2 /2 /2 /2
3 2 3 4 4 3
(c)  sin x dx   cos x dx  3 (d)  sin x dx   cos x dx 
16
0 0 0 0

PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
(A) PROPERTIES:

b b b a

P1  f(x) dx =  f(t)dt ; P2  f(x) dx = –  f(x)dx

a a a b

b c b
P3  f(x) =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx

r
a a c

provided f has a piece wise continuity when f is not uniformly defined in (a, b)

P4
a


a
f(x) dx =
a

 f (x)  f (x)  dx
0
si = [
0
a
if f (x) is odd

2 f (x)dx if f (x) is even

.B
0

b b a a
P5  f(x) dx =  f(a + b  x) dx or  f(x) dx =  f(a  x) dx
G

a a 0 0

2a a a 0 if f (2 a  x)   f (x)
P6 f(x) dx = f (x) d x + f (2a  x) d x  [ a
@

  
0 0 0 2  f (x) dx if f ( 2 a  x)  f (x)
0

na a

P7  f(x) dx = n  f(x)dx where f(a + x) = f(x) n  I

0 0

na a
Note:  f (x) dx  (n m) f (x) dx , f (x) is periodic with period = a (n, m  N, n > m)
ma 0

(B) DERIVATIVES OF ANTIDERIVATIVES (LEIBNITZ RULE)

If f is continuous and g(x) and h(x) are differentiable function.
h(x)
d
dx  f (t) dt = f ( h(x) )·h(x) – f (g(x) ). g(x) (integrand of a continuous function is
g(x)

always differentiable)
b
h(x) h(x)
d   
Note: dx  f (x, t) dt = f x, h(x) h'(x)  f x, g(x)g'(x)   f (x, t)  dt
x
g(x) g(x)  

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite

(C) DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF SUM

Fundamental theorem of integral calculus
b

 f (x) dx = Limit h [f (a) + f (a+h) + f (a + 2h)+ .... + f (a + n  1 h) ]

h0
a n
b n1
or  f (x) d x = Lim
h0
it h  f (a + r h) where b  a = nh
a n r0

(D) ESTIMATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND GENERAL INEQUALITIES

IN INTEGRATION:
Not all integers can be evaluated using the technique discussed so far.

(a) For a monotonic increasing function in (a, b)

b

(b – a) f(a) <  f (x) dx

a
< (b – a) f(b)

r
(b) Foa a monotonic decreasing function in (a, b)

f(b). (b – a) <
b

 f (x) dx
a
< (b – a) f(a)
si
.B
(c) For a non monotonic function in (a, b)
b

 f (x) dx
G

f(c) (b – a) < < (b – a) f(b)

a

(d) In addition to this note that

@

b b

 f (x) dx <  | f (x)| dx

a
equality holds when f (x) lies completely above the x-axis
a

(E) WALLI'S THEORM & REDUCTION FORMULA

/2
n [(n 1)(n  3)....1or 2 ] [ (m 1)(m  3)...1or 2]
 sin x cos m x dx = K
0 (m  n) (m  n  2)...1or 2
(m, n are non-negative integer)

(F) DIFFERENTIATING AND INTEGRATING SERIES

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite
x
dt  1/ 2

1. If | t | t2  1

6 , then x can be equal to 8. For 0 < x <
2
,  cot x d(cos x) equals to
1
1/ 2

2
(A) (B) 3 3 2 2 3
3 (A) (B)
2 2
(C) 2 (D) None of these
1 3
(C) (D) None of these
2
 /4
x sin x /3
2.  cos3 x
dx equals to :
0 9. The value of ∫ cosec x d (sin x) for 0 < x < /2 is
/4
 1  1 1 3
(A) + (B) – (A) n 2 (B) n
4 2 4 2 2 2

  sin1/ 2 
(C) (D) None of these (C) n   (D) None of these
4  sin1/ 2 

1
3. If f(0) = 1, f(2) = 3, f '(2) = 5 and f '(0) is finite,
10. If x  (0, 2) then the value of e2x[2x] d (x  [x]) is

1
(where [ * ] denotes the great0est integer function)
then  x. f ''(2x) dx is equal to (A) e + 1 (B) e
0

r
(C) 2e – 2 (D) None of these
(A) zero (B) 1

si
(C) 2 (D) None of these

log 
e2 2 x ex
dx e 11.
4. If I1 =  ln x
and I =
2  x
dx, then  2 x
dx is equal to
1 log log 2 1 cos e 
e 3 
.B
(A) I1 = I2
(B) 2 I1 = I2 (A) 3 (B) – 3
(C) I1 = 2 I2 (D) None of these
1 1
(C) (D) –
3 3
G

( / 2)1/ 3  
5 3 x 2  ax 2
5.  x .sin x dx equals to 12. If e dx 
2
, then e dx where a > 0 is
0 0 0

(A) 1 (B) 1/2

@

 
(C) 2 (D) 1/3 (A) (B)
2 2a
  /2
cos x sin 2 x
6. If A =  (x  2)2 dx , then  x 1
dx is equal to
(C) 2

(D)
1 
0 0 a 2 a

1 1 1
(A) + –A (B) –A 5
2  2 2 13.
(25  x 2 )3
 x4
dx equals to
1 1 1 5/2
(C) 1 + –A (D) A – –
 2 2  2
 2
(A) (B)
n 3 3
0 , where x = , n = 1, 2 ,3.....
7. If f(x) =  n +1 , then

1 , else where (C) (D) None of these
6

the value of  f (x) dx

0

(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 2 (D) 

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite
2  
20
14. x ;x 1
If f(x) = x  1; x  1 , then  x 2 f(x) dx is equal to f(x) = Minimum {tan x, cot x} ∀ x ∈  0,  .
 2
0
/3

(A) 1 (B)
4 Then  f(x) dx is equal to
3 0

5 5 3    3
(C)
3
(D)
2 (A) n  2  (B) n  2 
   

(C) n( 2 ) (D) n( 3 )

n1
15. Suppose for every integer n, 2 . The
 f(x) dx  n 2
n 21. The value of ∫ ([x 2 ]  [x]2 ) dx is equal to (where [ * ]
1
4
denotes the greatest integer function)
value of  f(x) dx is
2 (A) 4  2  3 (B) 4  2  3
(A) 16 (B) 14 (C) 4  3  2 (D) None of these
(C) 19 (D) 21
ecos x sin x , | x |  2 3

r

3 22. If f(x)=  
, then f(x) dx 
16 The value of ∫ 1 x 2 dx is-  2 , otherwise

si
2
2
(A) 0 (B) 1
(A) 28/3 (B) 14/3
(C) 2 (D) 3
(C) 7/3 (D) 1/3

23.
.B
 If f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions satisfying
17.
∫
. [2ex ] dx is equal to (where [ * ] denotes the
0
f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 2, then
a

greatest integer function)  f(x) g(x) dx is equal to

0
(A) 0 (B) n 2 a a
G

2 –1
(C) e (D) 2e

(A) g(x) dx 
(B) f(x)dx
0 0
(C) 0 (D) None of these
2
18. ∫ [x
2
] dx =
@

 /2
0
24. If ∫ x f(sin x) dx = A  f(sin x) dx , then A is -
0 0
(A) 2–1 (B) 2 ( 2 –1)
(C) (D) None of these (A) 0 (B) 
2
(C) /4 (D) 2
x
19. If f(x) = ∫ sin[2x] dx then f(/2) is (where [ * ]
ex f(a)
0
25. If f(x) = , I1 =  x g x 1 x  dx and
denotes greatest integer function) 1 e x f(a)

1
(A) {sin 1 + ( – 2) sin 2} f(a)
2 I2
I2 =  g x 1 x  dx , then the value of I1 is-
1 f(a)
(B) {sin 1 + sin 2 + ( – 3) sin 3}
2
(A) 2 (B) – 3
(C) 0
(C) – 1 (D) 1
 
(D) sin 1 +   2  sin 2
2 

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite

1 x2
sin x  x 2
26. ∫ 3 | x |
dx
33.
 cos t
2
dt
1 lim 0
is equal to
x0 x sin x
1
sin x
(A) 0 (B) 2  3 | x | dx (A) –1 (B) 1
0 (C) (D) –2

1 1
x2 sin x  x 2
(C) 2  3 | x |
dx (D) 2  3 | x |
dx
0 0  1 1 2 4 1 
34. Lim  sec 2  sec 2 2  .....  sec 2 1
n  n 2 n2 n2 n n 
/ 4 equals
e x sec 2 x
27.
∫ e 2x
1
dx =
(A)
1
sec 1 (B)
1
cosec 1
 / 4
2 2

(A) 0 (B) 1
2
/4 (C) tan 1 (D) tan 1
(C) 2e (D) None of these 2

r

2x (1 sin x)
∫

si
28. = 35. If
x2
f(t)dt  x cos x, then the value of f(4)

1 cos 2 x 0

is
(A)  (B) 2/4 (A) 1 (B) 1/4
(C) /8 (D) 2/8 (C) – 1 (D) –1/4 (E) –4
.B
11
11x k
29. If  11[x] dx  log11 then value of k is 1P  2P  3P  ....  n P
0 36. Lim equals-[AIEEE-2002]
(where [ * ] denotes greatest integer function)
n  n P 1
(A) 11 (B) 101
1
G

(C) 110 (D) None of these (A) 1 (B)

P 1
30. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose f is a
continuous function such that for all x  R,
1
(C) (D) P2
P2
@

T
f(x+T)=f(x). If I =  f(x) dx then the value of
0 1  2 4  34  ....  n 4 1  23  33  ....  n 3
37. lim  lim
33T x  n5 n  n5
 f(2x) dx is is equal to [AIEEE-2003]
3
(A) 1/5 (B) 1/30
3 (C) zero (D) 1/4
(A) I (B) 2 I
2
(C) 3 I (D) 6 I 38. Let f(x) be a function satisfying f '(x) = f(x) with
f(0) = 1 and g(x) be a function that satisfies f(x) +
31. Let f : R → R be a differentiable function having g(x) = x 2 . Then the value of the integral
f( x)
 1  4t 3 1
f(2) = 6, f '(2) =  48  . Then xlim
2  x2
dt  f (x)g(x)dx is [AIEEE 2003]
 
6 0
equals
(A) 18 (B) 12 e2 5 e2 5
(C) 36 (D) 24 (A) e   (B) e  
2 2 2 2
x2
0 sec 2 t dt e2 3 e2 3
32. The value of xlim
0 is (C) e   (D) e  
x sin x 2 2 2 2
(A) 3 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) –1

ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite
f (a )
45. Let p (x) be a function defined on R such that
ex p'(x) = p' (1–x), for all x  [0,1], p (0) = 1 and
39. If f(x) = , I1   xg{x(1  x)} dx and
1  ex f (a)
1

p(1) = 41. Then  p(x) dx equals [AIEEE 2010]

0
f (a ) I2
I2 = g{x(1  x)} dx , then the value of I is- (A) 41 (B) 21

f (a)
1
(C) 41 (D) 42
[AIEEE 2004] 46. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose f is a
(A) 2 (B) –3 continuous function such that for all x R, f
T
(C) –1 (D) 1
(x + T) = f(x). If I =  f (x) dx then the value of
0

cos 2 x 3  3T
40. The value of  dx, a > 0, is - f (2x)dx is

1 ax 
3
[JEE 2002 (Scr.)]
[AIEEE-2005 IIT-97, 2000] 3
(A) a (B)  (A) I (B) 2I
2
(C) /a (D) 2 (C) 3I (D) 6 I
/ 2
- /2
47. If f is an even function then prove that  f(cos 2x)
41.  [(x + )3 + cos2 (x + 3) dx is equal to

r
0
-3/2 / 4
2

si
[AIEEE 2006] cos dx =  f(sin 2x) cos x dx
0
(A) (/32) + (/2) (B) /2 [JEE 2003 (Mains, 2]
(C) (/4)–1 (D) /32 1
 1 
48. If  t2 (f(t)) dt = (1–sin x), then f   is
a sin x  3
.B
42. The value of  [x] f ' [x] dx, a > 1 , where [x]
1
[JEE 2005 (Scr.)]
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/ 3
denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x is
(C) 3 (D) 3
[AIEEE 2006]
G

(A) [a] f(a) –{f (1) + f(2) + ...+ f ([a])}

(b) Evaluate :
(B) [a] f([a]) – {f (1) + f(2) + ... + f(a)}

(C) a f ([a])– {(1) + f(2) + ...+ f(a)} |cos x|  1  1 
(D) a f(a) – {f (1) + f(2) + ...+ f ([a])}
e  2sin  2 cos x   3cos  2 cos x   sin x dx.
    
@

1
x
log t 49. Let f be a non-negative function defined on the
43. Let F (x) = f(x) + f   , where f (x) =  1  t dt. x
x 1  (f '(t)) 2 dt =
1
interval [0,1]. If 
Then F(e) equals [AlEEE 2007] 0

x
(A) 1/2 (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 2  f(t) dt, 0 x 1, and f(0) = 0, then
0
[JEE 2009,3+4+,]
1 1
sin x cos x
44. Let I =  dx and J =  dx. Then which 1 1 1 1
x x (A) f    and f 
0 0
2 2 3 3
one of the following is true? [AlEEE 2008]
1 1 1 1
2 2
(B) f    and f   
2 2 3 3
(A) I< amd J < 2 (B) I < and J > 2
3 3
1 1 1 1
(C) f    and f 
2 2 3 3
2 2
(C) I > and J < 2 (D) I > and J > 2 1 1 1 1
3 3 (D) f    and f 
2 2  3 3
ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan
 Definite
/ 3
cos x 3 2 3
50. If  dx  k log   then k is- 2
3  4 sin x  3  4   log x 2  
0
56. 
 xlog 2   dx =
2 
n2 
1 1 (A) 0 (B) 1
(A) (B)
2 3 (C) 2 (D) 4
1 1
(C) (D) 57 Suppose that F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x) =
4 8
3
sin x sin 2 x
ee
ee
x
, x > 0 then  x
dx can be expressed as
1
dx
51.  e xnx.n(nx).n(n(nx))
equals -
1
ee
(A) F(6) – F(2) (B) (F(6) – F(2))
2
(A) 1 (B) 1/e
1
(C) e – 1 (D) 1 + e (C) (F(3) – F(1)) (D) 2(F(6) – F(2))
2
52. The value of the definite integral

 1  nx
58.  f  x  x  . dx


r
x 1 3  x 1
 (e  e ) dx is 0
x
1

si
(A) is equal to zero (B) is equal to one
 
(A) (B) 1
4 e2 4e
(C) is equal to (D) can not be evaluated
2
1  1 
(C)  tan 1  (D)
.B
2 
 
e 2 e 2 e2 1
59. Integral | sin 2 x| dx is equal to -
53. Let a, b, c be non-zero real numbers such that ; 0
1 2

 (1  cos
8
x)(ax2  bx  c)dx  (1  cos8 x)(ax2 , bx  c)dx 1
G

0 0 (A) 0 (B) 

then the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has -
(A) no root in (0,2) 1 2
(C) (D)
@

(B) atleast one root in (0,2)  

(C) a double root in (0,2)
3
(D) none x
60.  dx 

2 (5  x)  x
x tan 1 x
54.  (1  x2 )2 dx 1 1
0
(A) (B)
2 3
   
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 6 8 (C) (D) none
5
2
1  1
55.  x sin  x  x  dx
1/ 2
has the value equal to -

3
(A) (B)
0 4

(C) 5 (D) 2
4
ETOOSINDIA www.etoosindia.com
Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments corner Building,
India’s No.1 Online Coaching
Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan