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A Project Report on:

Database Management System for Janata Multiple

Campus

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Business Management

Silicon Multiple Campus, Dhangadhi, Kailali

Submitted by
John Doe (20B1234)
Mary Brown (20C2235)

August 2021

Abstract
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This report describes the implementation of a Database Management System for

Janata Multiple Campus. It was developed for Storing, Managing, and Updating
the Data that the Campus generates.

This report mainly includes the background and development process of the
project. The main steps in the development process are identifying the Entities
and the Relationship among them and presenting them in graphical form with an
ER Diagram. It also includes some of the SQL queries used in the implementation
of the MySQL Database.

This project can be useful for JMC and other similar institutions.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are very pleased to present the report “Database Management System for Janata
Multiple Campus” which has been prepared for the partial fulfilment of the Bachelor of
Business Management (BBM).

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the report supervisor Lecturer Mr. Alex
for his guidance, and supervision.

We are also thankful to Campus chief Dr. James for advising throughout the entire
semester and the program in charge of BBM, Mr. Peter, for his continuous support
during the period of the project work.

John Doe (20B1234)

Mary Brown (20C2235)

Silicon Multiple Campus

BBM 6 th Semester

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Table of Contents

Introduction ……………………………………………................ 5

Uses of the Project ……………………………………….………. 6

Background ……………………………………………….…….... 7

DBMS for Janata Multiple Campus ………………………………. 8

Addressing the Requirements …………………………...…….… 9

ER Diagram …….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….……….. 12

Mapping ER Model to Relational Model …….…….…….………. 18

Structured Query Language(SQL) …….…….…….…….…….. 25

Table Creation …….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….……. 26

Data Insertion …….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….……. 39

Summary …….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….……. 45

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Introduction: DBMS for Janata Multiple Campus

This project is about the implementation of a Database Management System in
Janata Multiple Campus. The project replaces the Traditional method of Storing
and Managing Data with a DBMS. This is the first step in the Digitization of the
Campus.

Problem Statement
Currently, JMC uses two methods for Managing its Database.
● Traditional Pen and Paper Method
● File Management System in Computer

The main issues caused by this approach are:

Duplication of Data
The Records of the Students are being Duplicated in Accounts, Library and other
Departments.

Update Issues
The updates have to be done in multiple places and there is no proper system to
check if it is updated correctly everywhere.

Lack of Report Generation

The Report Generation is done manually which is very time-consuming and prone
to mistakes.

No Backup
There is no backup system which means the Campus is always at a risk of losing
Data completely or partially.

Security and Privacy Issues

The Records are exposed to all the employees in all Departments.

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Uses of the Project

The project can be used to:

● Maintain a Database of Departments, Courses, Teachers, and other

Employees of the Campus.
● Enter Data for existing Students as well as the ones who enroll in the
future.
● Update the Data on a regular basis.
● Report Generation of Students, Teachers, and several other Reports.
● Take Backups of complete Database on a regular basis.

Besides, this project can also be used to Integrate the Data with an MIS
Application in the future.

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Background
The project uses the following technologies.

DBMS: MySQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).

We have selected MySQL because of the following reasons:

● MySQL supports the Standard SQL(Structured Query Language).

● It is easy to use and easily available to download and install.
● MySQL clients like phpMyAdmin and MySQL Workbench are easily
available for installation. They provide a great user experience.
● It is portable to other systems.
● There are no Licensing fees. So, we can use it free of cost.
● Being an Open Source software, it has a huge community to support if you
run into issues.

XAMPP
XAMPP is a stack of software that provides easy access to MySQL.

phpMyAdmin
phpMyAdmin is an open-source client for MySQL. It provides the functionality of
operating and managing Databases in MySQL.

Books
For understanding the theory of DBMS and SQL, we took the following books for
reference.

1. Saud, A.S and Saud, B.S (2073). Introduction to Database System. Kriti
Books Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2nd ed
2. Abraham Silberchatz, Henry F. Korth, S.Sudarshan; Database System
Concepts. McGraw Hill, 6th ed

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DBMS for Janata Multiple Campus

The development of the Schema for RDBMS started with the Entity-Relationship
Model(ER Model). Then the ER Model was mapped to the Relational Model.

Entity-Relationship Model
The Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model) is used to describe the structure of the
Database. It takes into account the following:

● Entities and Entity Sets

● The Attributes of those Entities
● Relationships among those Entities

ER Diagram
The core of the ER Model is the Entity-Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram), a
graphical representation of the ER model. It is like a blueprint of a database.

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Addressing the Requirements

The first step in the ER Model is to Identify the Entities of the System or
Organization that we are interested in.

Entities of Janata Multiple Campus

The entity is any real-world object having independent existence. An entity can be
a person, place, or concept. The 5 main Entities associated with the Janata
Multiple Campus are:

1. Department
2. Program
3. Student
4. Lecturer
5. Subject

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Attributes
The Properties of an entity are called Attributes. The attribute(s) which can
uniquely identify the Entity is called Primary Key. The main Attributes of all the
above Entities are listed in the table below. The Primary Keys are underlined.

Entity Attributes

Department_Id
Department Department_name
HOD

Program_Id
Program_name
Program No_of_years
Total_fees
Program_coordinator

Student_Id
Roll_no
First_name
Last_name
Gender
Contact_number
Student
Email_address
DOB
Country
City
Street
Ward_no

Lecturer Lecturer_Id
First_name
Last_name
Gender
Contact_number
Email_address
DOB
Designation

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Country
City
Street
Ward_no

Subject_Id
Subject_Code
Subject Subject_name
Credit_hours
Total_Preiods

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ER Diagram
Note: The diagram is shown stepwise to make it easy to understand. You can
directly put the final ER Diagram in your project.

ER Diagram: Step 1

Depart Progra
ment m

Student

Lecture Subject
r

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ER Diagram: Step 2

Depart Mana Progra

ment m

Regis
Enro

Student
Works Specif
Lect

Lecture Subject
r Teac

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ER Diagram: Step 3

Depart 1 N Progra
Mana
ment m
1
N M
Regis 1
Enro
N N

Student
Works N
Specif
Lect
M
M N

Lecture M N
Subject
r Teac

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ER Diagram: Step 4

Program
No_of
Depart Program
Dept_ N
Depar 1 Man Progr Total_f
tment 1 am
HOD
N 1 M Program_
Reg
Enr
N N
Stude
nt
Wor N
Spe
Lec
M
M N
Lectur M N Subje
er Tea ct

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ER Diagram: Step 5

Program
No_of
Depart Program
Dept_ N
Depar 1 Man Progr Total_f
tment am
HOD 1
N 1 M Program_
Reg
Enr
Stud
N N
Ro Stude
nt Gen
Work N
DOB Spe
Email_
Lec
M First_na Last_
M N
Lectur M N Subje
er Te ct

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ER Diagram: Step 6

Program
No_of_
Departm Program
Dept_n N
Depar 1 Man Progr Total_fe
tment am
HOD 1
N 1 M
Regi Program_c
Enr
Stude
N N
Roll Stude
nt
Work N Ge
Spe
DOB Email_
Lec
M First_na Last_
M Contact N Total_Pr

Lectur M N Subje
er Tea Subje
ct
Subject_
Lectu Ge Contact_ Subject
Credit_
First Design
Last

Note: Some Attributes of Student and Lecturer entities are not present in the ER Diagram. They
have been excluded to avoid the over-complexity of the ER Diagram.

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Mapping ER Model to Relational Model(Tables)

Step 1: Department and Program

There is a ‘One to Many’ Relationship between Department and Program. So, we
use Department_Id as a Foreign Key in the Program table.

Program
No_of_
Departm Program
Dept_n
Depar 1 N Progr
Man Total_fe
tment am
HOD
Program_c

Department
Department_Id Department_name HOD

Program
Program_Id Program_name No_of_years Total_fees

Program_coordinator Department_Id(FK)

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Step 2: Lecturer
There is a ‘Many to Many’ Relationship between the Department and Lecturer.
So, we will create a new table for Works For Relationship. Also, we will create a
separate table for Contact_number as it has multiple values.

Depart
Dept_n
Depart
ment
HOD
N
Works

Lectur
er

Lectur Ge Contact_n
First_ Designa
Last_
Lecturer
Lecturer_Id First_name Last_name Gender Email_address DOB Designation

Country City Street Ward_no

Lecturer_Works_For_Department
Lecturer_Id(FK) Department_Id(FK)

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Lecturer_Contact_number
Lecturer_Id(FK) Contact_number

Step 3: Student
There is a ‘One to Many’ Relationship between Program and Student. So, we use
Program_Id as a Foreign Key in the Student table. Also, we will create a separate
table for Contact_number as it has multiple values.

Program_Id

No_of_year
Program_nam

Program Total_fees

1 Program_coordin
Enrolls
Student_I
N

Roll_no
Student
Gend

DOB Email_addr
First_name Last_na

Contact_num

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Student
Student_Id Roll_no First_name Last_name Gender Email_address DOB

Country City Street Ward_no Program_Id(FK)

Student_Contact_number
Student_Id(FK) Contact_number

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Step 4: Subject
There is a ‘Many to Many’ Relationship between Program and Subject. There is
also a ‘Many to Many’ Relationship between Lecturer and Subject. So, we will
create two separate tables for Specifies and Teaches Relationship.
Program
No_of
Program
N Progr Total_f
am
M Program_

Spe

N Total_P
Lectu M N Subje
rer Te Subj
ct
Subject
Lectu Ge Contact_ Subjec
Credit_
First Design
Last
Subject
Subject_Id Subject_Code Subject_name Credit_hours Total_Preiods

Lecturer_Teaches_Subject
Lecturer_Id(FK) Subject_Id(FK)

Program_Has_Subject
Program_Id(FK) Subject_Id(FK)

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Mapping ER Model to Relational Model: Final Relation Schemas

Department
Department_Id Department_name HOD

Program
Program_Id Program_name No_of_years Total_fees

Program_coordinator Department_Id(FK)

Lecturer
Lecturer_Id First_name Last_name Gender Email_address DOB Designation

Country City Street Ward_no

Lecturer_Works_For_Department
Lecturer_Id(FK) Department_Id(FK)

Lecturer_Contact_number
Lecturer_Id(FK) Contact_number

Student

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Student_Id Roll_no First_name Last_name Gender Email_address DOB

Country City Street Ward_no Program_Id(F

Student_Contact_number
Student_Id(FK) Contact_number

Subject
Subject_Id Subject_Code Subject_name Credit_hours Total_Preiods

Lecturer_Teaches_Subject
Lecturer_Id(FK) Subject_Id(FK)

Program_Has_Subject
Program_Id(FK) Subject_Id(FK)

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Structured Query Language(SQL)

We have used the MySQL implementation of SQL for our project. The main SQL
commands that we used are:

DDL - Data Definition Language

In DDL, we have used CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, DROP and RENAME commands.

DML - Data Manipulation Language

In DDL, we have used INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT commands.

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Table Creation

Department Table

CREATE TABLE Department

(
Department_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Department_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
HOD VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);

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Program Table
CREATE TABLE Program
(
Program_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Program_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
No_of_years DECIMAL(2, 2) NOT NULL,
Total_fees DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
Program_coordinator VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Department_Id int NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (Department_Id) REFERENCES Department(Department_Id)
);

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Lecturer Table
CREATE TABLE Lecturer
(
Lecturer_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
First_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Last_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Gender VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
Email_address VARCHAR(320) NOT NULL,
DOB DATE NOT NULL,
Designation VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Country VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
City VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Street VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Ward_no int NOT NULL
);

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Lecturer_Works_For_Department Table
CREATE TABLE Lecturer_Works_For_Department
(
Lecturer_Id int NOT NULL,
Department_Id int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Lecturer_Id, Department_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Lecturer_Id) REFERENCES Lecturer(Lecturer_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Department_Id) REFERENCES Department(Department_Id)
);

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Lecturer_Contact_number Table

CREATE TABLE Lecturer_Contact_number

(
Lecturer_Id int NOT NULL,
Contact_number VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Lecturer_Id, Contact_number),
FOREIGN KEY (Lecturer_Id) REFERENCES Lecturer(Lecturer_Id)
);

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Student Table
CREATE TABLE Student
(
Student_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Roll_no int NOT NULL,
First_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Last_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Gender VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
Email_address VARCHAR(320) NOT NULL,
DOB DATE NOT NULL,
Country VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
City VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Street VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Ward_no int NOT NULL,
Program_Id int NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (Program_Id) REFERENCES Program(Program_Id)
);

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Student_Contact_number Table

CREATE TABLE Student_Contact_number

(
Student_Id int NOT NULL,
Contact_number VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Student_Id, Contact_number),
FOREIGN KEY (Student_Id) REFERENCES Student(Student_Id)
);

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Subject Table

CREATE TABLE Subject

(
Subject_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Subject_Code VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Subject_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Credit_hours int NOT NULL,
Total_Preiods int NOT NULL
);

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Lecturer_Teaches_Subject Table
CREATE TABLE Lecturer_Teaches_Subject
(
Lecturer_Id int NOT NULL,Subject_Id int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Lecturer_Id, Subject_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Lecturer_Id) REFERENCES Lecturer(Lecturer_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Subject_Id) REFERENCES Subject(Subject_Id)
);

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Program_Has_Subject Table

CREATE TABLE Program_Has_Subject

(
Program_Id int NOT NULL,Subject_Id int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Program_Id, Subject_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Program_Id) REFERENCES Program(Program_Id),
FOREIGN KEY (Subject_Id) REFERENCES Subject(Subject_Id)
);

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Final Tables

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Data Insertion
Inserting in Department Table

INSERT INTO `Department`

(`Department_name`,`HOD`)
VALUES ('Science','Alexandra'),
('Commerce','Elizabeth'),
('Arts','Isaac');

SELECT * FROM `Department`

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Inserting in Program Table

INSERT INTO `Program`

(`Program_name`,`No_of_years`,`Total_fees`,`Program_coordinator`,
Department_Id`)
VALUES ('BBM',4,400000,'Kimberly',2),
('BBA',4,500000,'David',2),
('BSc General',4,250000,'Edward',1),
('BSc CSIT',4,450000,'Jack',1),
('MSc CSIT',2,200000,'Rachel',1),
('BA English',3,100000,'Leonard',3),
('BA Fne Arts',4,400000,'Victoria',3)

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SELECT * FROM `Program`;

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Inserting in Lecturer Table

INSERT INTO `Lecturer`

(`First_name`,`Last_name`,`Gender`,`Email_address`,`DOB`,
`Designation`,`Country`,
`City`,`Street`,`Ward_no`)
VALUES ('John','Baker','Male','[email protected]','1984-01-
24',
'Assist. Lecturer',
'Nepal','Dhangadhi','KMC Road',8),
('William','Bond','Male','[email protected]','1980-
02-14',
'Professor',
'Nepal','Dang','Main Road',5),

('Vanessa','Anderson','Female','[email protected]',
'1982-04-04',
'Professor','Nepal','Kathmandu','Old Baneshwor',2);

SELECT * FROM `Lecturer`

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Inserting in Lecturer_Works_For_Department Table

INSERT INTO `Lecturer_Works_For_Department`

(`Lecturer_Id`,`Department_Id`)
VALUES (1,1),
(2,1),
(2,3),
(1,3),
(3,1)

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Inserting in Lecturer_Contact_number Table

INSERT INTO `Lecturer_Contact_number`

(`Lecturer_Id`,`Contact_number`)
VALUES (1,'12345678'),
(1,'42345678'),
(2,'52345678'),
(3,'14445678'),
(3,'34567812')

… And so on for the other tables

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Summary

We developed a Database Management System for Janata Multiple Campus. After

identifying the main Entities and the Relationship among them, we created an ER
Model with the help of an ER Diagram. Then we mapped the ER Model to the
Relational Model.

Eventually, we used the technologies like MySQL, XAMPP, PhpMyAdmin, etc to

implement the DBMS. We created 10 tables in MySQL. Out of those 10 tables, 5
belonged directly to the entities whereas the remaining 5 were used to manage
the Relationship among the entities.

Now the Campus can use the DBMS for Storing, Managing, and Updating their
data on a regular basis. This will help them get rid of the Data Duplication,
Inconsistency and many other issues they were facing due to the use of
traditional Methods.

The two main limitations of this project are it lacks relations for Library and
Fees/Billing management. This limitation was caused due to the time constraint.
In the future, we plan to enhance the DBMS so that it can properly handle the
data from the college’s Library and Accounts Sections.

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Video Explanation of this sample project is available at the following Link

https://bit.ly/4kxR1p6

Video Explanation of the sample project