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17 views

Entities HTML

Uploaded by

captainricardus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Entities

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Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with entities:

 < (less than) = &lt;


 > (greather than) = &gt;

HTML Character Entities


Some characters are reserved in HTML.

If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your HTML text, the
browser might mix them with tags.

Entity names or entity numbers can be used to display reserved HTML


characters.

Entity names look like this:

&entity_name;

Entity numbers look like this:

&#entity_number;

To display a less than sign (<) we must write: &lt; or &#60;

Entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers.

Non-breaking Space
A commonly used HTML entity is the non-breaking space: &nbsp;
A non-breaking space is a space that will not break into a new line.

Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stick together (not break into
a new line). This is handy when breaking the words might be disruptive.

Examples:

 § 10
 10 km/h
 10 PM

Another common use of the non-breaking space is to prevent browsers from


truncating spaces in HTML pages.

If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them. To add
real spaces to your text, you can use the &nbsp; character entity.

The non-breaking hyphen (&#8209;) is used to define a hyphen character (-)


that does not break into a new line.

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Some Useful HTML Character Entities


Result Description Name Number

non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160; T

< less than &lt; &#60; T

> greater than &gt; &#62; T


& ampersand &amp; &#38; T

" double quotation mark &quot; &#34; T

' single quotation mark &apos; &#39; T

¢ cent &cent; &#162; T

£ pound &pound; &#163; T

¥ yen &yen; &#165; T

€ euro &euro; &#8364; T

© copyright &copy; &#169; T

® trademark &reg; &#174; T

Note
Entity names are case sensitive.
Combining Diacritical Marks
A diacritical mark is a "glyph" added to a letter.

Some diacritical marks, like grave ( ̀) and acute ( ́) are called accents.

Diacritical marks can be used in combination with alphanumeric characters to


produce a character that is not present in the character set (encoding) used in
the page.

Here are some examples:

Mark Character Construct Result

̀ a a&#768; à Try it

́ a a&#769; á Try it

̂ a a&#770; â Try it

̃ a a&#771; ã Try it

̀ O O&#768; Ò Try it
́ O O&#769; Ó Try it

̂ O O&#770; Ô Try it

̃ O O&#771; Õ Try it

There are more examples in the next chapter.

Exercise?
What is the entity name that represents a less than < sign?

&lt;

&less;

&nbsp;

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