Lesson 1

Random Sampling

MELC: Illustrates Random Sampling (M11/12SP-IIId-2)

Objectives: 1. Define Random Sampling

2. Identify the different types of random sampling techniques
3. Illustrate Random Sampling

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Based on a sample of 900 elementary students from West Coast area, it was found out
that 30% of them could not do the long division. The statement is an example of
_______.
A. Statistic C. Sample
B. Parameter D. Population

2. A teacher asked her students to fall in line. He instructed one of them to select every 4 th
student on the line.
A. Simple Random Sampling C. Systematic Sampling
B. Stratified Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

3. A Statistics student did a research on the time spent by Grade 11 students on playing
Mobile Legends. He randomly selected his subjects by Lottery method.
A. Simple Random Sampling C. Systematic Sampling
B. Stratified Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

4. A researcher interviewed people from each Barangay of Puerto Princesa for his research
on population.
A. Simple Random Sampling C. Systematic Sampling
B. Stratified Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

5. The school’s record officer gave the researcher a list of 500 Grade 8 students. The
researcher selected every 20th name on the list.
A. Simple Random Sampling C. Systematic Sampling
B. Stratified Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

6. The Philippines consists of 7, 107 islands. This statement is an example of ______.

A. Sample C. Statistic
B. Parameter D. Population

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7. In a study concerning the economic status of employees in a certain company, a
researcher randomly selected 50 employees. The statement describes is an example of
___________.
A. Statistic C. Parameter
B. Sample D. Population

For items 8 to 10, refer to the situation below.

A population consist of the values 1, 3, and 5. Consider all possible samples of
size 2 that can be drawn without replacement from this population. Find the mean of the
sampling distribution of means and the mean of the population mean.

8. How many different samples of size 2 can be selected from the population without
replacement?
A. 3 C. 9
B.6 D. 12

9. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of means?

A. 3 C. 9
B. 6 D. 12

10.Given the sampling distribution of the sample means below, what does a represent?

A. 1,1 X Probability (𝑷𝒙 )

B. 3,1 1,3 1/6
C. 3,3 1,5 1/6
D. 5,5 a 1/6
3,5 1/6
5,1 1/6
5,3 1/6

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 Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking
of Difficulties
Mrs. Romasanta wants to randomly choose 45
• Random – without students from the Senior High School students to avail the
definite aim, free ride to Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National
direction, rule, or Park or Underground River. There are 150 Senior High
method students.
• Sampling – a small
.
part selected as a
sample for inspection
or analysis

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. If you were Mrs. Romasanta, how would you choose the 45 students?
a. I would list down the 150 Senior High School students on a piece of paper. I would
cut and fold each piece with student’s name on it and put it on a bowl. Then I
would pick 45 pieces of papers.
b. I would list down the 150 Senior High School students on a piece of paper. Then I
would choose every 3rd students on the list.
c. I would group the students according to gender. Then I would choose 25 boys and
20 girls.
d. I would group the students according to gender. I would choose the 45 students
from the male group.

2. Which of these is a fair way to make a random choice? Why or why not?

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Random Sampling is a sampling technique in which each sample has an equal

probability of being chosen.
It is the best way to achieve an unbiased result in your research study.

Hmmmp.What Maybe I’ll

if NEGOSYO finish my
or TRABAHO? COLLEGE

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 For example,the picture above shows which career path will the senior high school
students of a certain Public High School choose after graduation. The career path to
choose from among the students is “Trabaho, Negosyo, or Kolehiyo”. There are 1,500
senior high school students, 700 of them are chosen to conduct the survey. In this case,
the population is the total number of senior high school students (1,500) and 700 chosen
students that will do the survey is the sample. Each student has an equal opportunity of
being chosen because all the students to be selected to do the survey came from that
Public High School.
TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING

There are four types of random sampling techniques.

1. Simple Random Sampling 3. Stratified Random Sampling
2. Systematic Random Sampling 4. Cluster or Area Random Sampling

1. Simple Random Sampling (SRS)

This is the most basic sampling technique. It is a sampling technique in which
every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being chosen as a sample.

Population Sample Group

Examples of simple random sampling technique:

• Table of Random numbers
• Lottery method

Example:
Berta wants to study the effects of using Facebook to Grade 11 students of Bahile
National High School. She is planning to use the Simple Random Sampling technique in
choosing her samples. If there are 500 Grade 11 students in the school, how many
students should there be in her sample? Discuss the steps that she must take if she
wishes to use the lottery method.
Solution:
Step 1: Figure out what your sample size is going to be. (In this case the sample size
is 222.)
Note: You can also use the following but not limited to Slovin’s Formula or a
sample size calculator to identify the number of sample.

Step 2: List down all the students and assign a number to each of 500 students.
Step 3: Write the numbers in a piece of paper. Fold the piece of paper.
Step 4: Put all the folded pieces of paper in a bowl or box.
Step 5: Without looking, randomly pick 222 folded pieces of paper from the bowl or
box.

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2. Systematic Sampling
A systematic sampling is a sampling technique in which every kth element of the
population is selected until the desired number of sample is obtained.

To obtain k:
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒌=
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆
𝑵
𝒌=
𝒏
where k = sample interval
N = population size
n = sample size

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Example: Using the same number of population on Example 1, how will you select 222
students by using the systematic sampling technique?
Step 1: Arrange the list of 500 students.

Step 2: Find the sampling interval k.

𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛
500
𝑘=
222
𝑘 = 2.25 𝑜𝑟 2
Step 3: Select a number from the whole numbers between 0 and k + 1 by simple
random technique. The numbers between between 0 and k + 1 are 1, 2, 3, and
4. The chosen value is called the random start.

Step 4: Assume that number 2 is the selected number. Number 2 will be the starting
number.
Step 5: Select every 2nd student from the sampling frame starting to the 2 nd student.

The numbers of the sample will then be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,…

3. Stratified Sampling
Stratified sampling is a sampling technique in which the population is divided into
subgroups called strata and the samples are randomly selected from each stratum.

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Example:
You want to interview 200 students in your school to determine their opinion
on the new normal. How are you going to choose your sample using the stratified
sampling technique if there are 1, 000 students in Grade 7; 950 students in Grade 8; 1,
050 students in Grade 9; 900 students in Grade 10; 925 students in Grade 11; and 875
students in Grade 12?

Solution: Subdivide the population into several strata. In this problem subdivide into
grade levels. Then, make a table similar to the following:

Population Number of Sample

N = 5700 students per n = 200
strata
Grade 7 1, 000 35
Grade 8 950 33
Grade 9 1, 050 37
Grade 10 900 32
Grade 11 925 32
Grade 12 875 31
Total 5, 700 200

Compute the sample size in each Grade level:

1,000
a. Grade 7: x 200 = 35.09 or 35
5700
950
b. Grade 8: x 200 = 33.33 or 33
5700
1,050
c. Grade 9: x 200 = 36.84 or 37
5700
900
d. Grade 10: x 200 = 31.58 or 32
5700
925
e. Grade 11: x 200 = 32.46 0r 32
5700
875
f. Grade 12: x 200 = 30. 70 or 31
5700

Sometimes the computation will result to one less than the value of n. If this happens, round
up the data to the next integer.

4. Cluster or Area Sampling

Cluster or Area Sampling is a sampling technique in which the entire population
is divided into clusters and then, some of the clusters are randomly selected to be the
sample.
Population Sample Group
Clusters Clusters 2 Clusters

Example:
A researcher wants to study who among the families in a certain Barangay in
Puerto Princesa is using the new brand of alcohol. How is she going to do this using the
cluster sampling technique?
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Solution:

Step 1: Divide the population in clusters. Use Purok as clusters.

Step 2: Not all the Puroks in the Barangay will be included in the sample. Choose the
final purok to be included by using either simple random sampling or
systematic sampling technique.
Step 3: Not all the families in the selected purok will be included in the sample.
Choose the final families to be included using either simple random sampling
or systematic sampling technique.

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 Let’s Practice
Directions: Identify the term/s in the box that correspond to
ACTIVITY 1 the given definition and write it before the number.

Random Sampling Cluster Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling Systematic Random Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling

_____________________________ 1. A sampling technique in which the entire population

is divided into clusters.
________________________________ 2. A sampling technique in which the population is
divided into strata and the samples are randomly
selected from each stratum.
________________________________ 3. It is the most basic sampling technique.

_____________________________ 4. A sampling technique in which each sample has an

equal probability of being chosen.
_____________________________ 5. A sampling technique in which every kth element of
the population is selected.

Directions: Identify whether the following statement is true or

ACTIVITY 2 false. Write your answer before the number.

____ 1. In simple random sampling, every member of the population has an equal chance
to be selected as member of the sample.

____ 2. Stratified sampling is a sampling technique in which a list of elements of the

population is first divided into subgroups then the samples will be chosen from each
group.

____ 3. Cluster sampling is the most basic sampling technique.

____ 4. Systematic sampling involves the selection of every k th elements in the population
until the desired number of elements of the sample is obtained.

____ 5. Simple Random Sampling is a sampling technique in which every member of the
population has an equal opportunity of being chosen as a sample.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Did you find it easy to answer the activity? _______ YES _______ NO
If NO, please write your reason/s below.
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Do More

ACTIVITY 1 Directions: Complete the sentence with correct type of

random sampling. Write your answer on the space provided.
Choose your answer in the word pool.

Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling

Systematic random sampling Cluster random sampling

1. The population is split into groups. The overall sample consists of every member from
some of the groups. The groups are selected at random. This type of random sampling is
_______________________________.
2. The basic sampling technique is _____________________.
3. A random sampling where every nth member is selected to be in the sample. This type is
called ____________.
4. The population is first divided into groups. The overall sample consists of some members
from every group which are chosen randomly. This sampling technique is called
__________________.

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 Directions: Identify the type of sampling technique used by
the researcher in each of the following situations: simple
ACTIVITY 2 random sampling, systematic random sampling,
stratified random sampling, or cluster random
sampling.

TYPE OF
SITUATION SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
1. The teacher gave the researcher a list of 500 Grade 7 students.
The researcher selected every 30th name on the list.

2. A researcher interviewed people from each Grade level of a

certain high school for his research on population.

3. A researcher selected a sample of 200 from a population of 1, 000

by using the Table of random Numbers.

4. A Statistics student did a research on the time spent by Grade 11

students on using TikTok. He randomly selected his subjects by
Lottery method.

5. A random sample of public opinion regarding Covid-19 in the

city of Puerto Princesa was obtained by selecting every 10 th
person who enters the city hall through one of its entrances.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Did you find it easy to answer the activity? _______ YES _______ NO

If NO, please write your reason/s below.

________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Sum It Up

Activity 1 Directions: Identify the type of sampling technique used by the

researcher in each of the following situations: simple random
sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random
sampling, or cluster random sampling.

__________________ 1. The Barangay Health Worker(BHW) gave the researcher a list of 500
Barangay residents. The researcher grouped them by Purok. He
chose 40 residents from each Purok to be interviewed.

__________________ 2. A researcher selected a sample of 240 from a population of 1, 900 by

using the Table of Random Numbers.

__________________ 3. A Statistics students did a research on the time spent by “Plantita’s/

Plantito’s” on gardening in a certain barangay. She randomly
selected his subjects by grouping them by Purok and choose only
one purok.

__________________ 4. A random sample of parent’s opinion regarding modality of learning

delivery in the city of Puerto Princesa was obtained by selecting
every 11th person who passed by along Rizal Avenue.

__________________ 5. The Supreme Student Government surveys 100 students by getting

25 Grade 7, 25 Grade 8, 25 Grade 9, and 25 Grade 10 students.

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 Directions: Write the terms needed to complete the puzzle.
Activity 2

Across:
2. the entire population is divided into
clusters
2 1 3. _______ sampling which everyone has chance to
be chosen
5. the most basic random sampling
technique
our times and the data (1, 2, 4, 3) are obtained. Consider all possible samples of size 2
which can be drawn without replacement from the population.
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Down:
1. the population is divided into
strata
4. needs to obtain k first

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Did you find it easy to answer the activity? _______ YES _______ NO

If NO, please write your reason/s below.

________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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 Lesson 2

Parameter and Statistic

MELC: Distinguishes between parameter and statistic. (M11/12SP-IIId-3)

Objectives: 1. Define parameter and statistic
2. Identify parameter and statistic
3. Describe parameter and statistic
4. distinguishes between parameter and statistic

Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking
of Difficulties There are statements on the table below. Could you be
able to identify which is a population or a sample?
• Sample – is a
subset containing STATEMENT SAMPLE or
the characteristic POPULATION
of a larger
population. 1. Mrs. Dalisay asked 50% of her
advisory class to go to the
• Population –
auditorium to be interviewed by
entire group
a researcher.
• 2. Maria interviews all her high
school teachers about the most
visited tourists spot in Puerto
Princesa.
3. A group of Junior High School
students interviewed every 5th
person who arrives at the school
gate.
4. Bgy. Matahimik consist 350
families
5. There are 551 students in
Cabayugan National High
School.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:

How many correct answers did you get? _______________

If you got 3 above or more correct answers, you nailed it! Do not feel bad if you got 2
or below, you just need to review again what sample and population are.
In fact, sample and population are closely related to statistic and parameter. Let us
check it out!

Statistic and parameter are very similar. They are both description of groups.
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 A statistic is a measure that describes a sample. A parameter is a measure that
describes a population.
Let us take a look at the table below and compare parameter and statistic.

STATISTIC PARAMETER
Describes a sample. Describes a population.
Denoted by Greek letters. Denoted by Roman letters.
Examples:
Sample mean x̄ Population mean µ
Sample variance 𝑠2 Population variance 𝛔𝟐
Sample standard deviation s Population standard deviation σ

How do statistic and parameter similar? How do they differ? What are the examples of
statistic and parameter?

________________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Practice
Directions: Complete the paragraph by supplying the correct
ACTIVITY 1 word found in the box below.

Population Parameter Statistic Sample

Parameter and statisitic are closely related because they are both
description of groups. 1. __________ describes a population. Statistic is a measure
that describes a 2. __________.

Directions: Identify whether the following statement is a

ACTIVITY 2 parameter or statistic. Write your answer on the space provided
before the number.

________1. A researcher wants to estimate the average height of women aged 18 years or
older.
________2. 50 students of a certain High School who were randomly selected will join the
Pista Y ang Cagueban.
________3. Out of 300 athletes, 120 of them were randomly chosen to be scholars.
________4. Philippines is divided into 17 regions.
_______ 5. There are 35 barangays of Puerto Princesa classified as urban barangays.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Did you find it easy to answer the activity? _______ YES _______ NO

If NO, please write your reason/s below.

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 Let’s Do More

ACTIVITY 1 Directions: For each study, identify both the parameter and
the statistic in the study. Underline once the statement that
represent the parameter and underline twice the statement
for the statistic.

1. An English teacher wants to estimate the proportion of Junior High School students
of their school who had read at least one book during the lockdown. A random sample
of 300 Junior High School students is obtained and 195 of those students had read at
least one book during the lockdown.

2. A researcher wants to estimate the average height of men aged 20 years or older.
From a simple random sample of 50 men, the researcher obtains a sample mean
height of 63.9 inches.

Directions: Identify whether the following is a parameter or a

ACTIVITY 2 statistic.

__________1. A researcher wants to estimate the average height of men aged 20 years or
older.
__________ 2. Out 500 employees of Robinsons Place Palawan, 175 of them were
randomly chosen to be interviewed.
__________ 3. 5 varieties of Caladium were randomly chosen by a researcher.
__________ 4. Palawan will be divided into 3 districts.
__________ 5. σ2

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Did you find it easy to answer the activity? _______ YES _______ NO

If NO, please write your reason/s below.

___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Sum It Up

Activity 1 Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word that will
make each statement correct. Choose you answer in the box.

Population Parameter Statistic Sample

1. __________ describes a population.

2. Statistic is a measure that describes a ________________.

3. If 𝑠2 is to Statistic, then σ2 is to _________.

4. If 𝑥̅ is to Statistic, then 𝜎 is to _________.

5. If s corresponds to Sample standard deviation, then it is a ______________.

Directions: Complete the paragraph by supplying the correct

Activity 2 word found in the box below.

Population Parameter Statistic Sample

Roman letters Greek letters

Statistic and parameter are very similar. They are both description of groups.
A statistic is a measure that describes a ______________. A ______________ is a measure that
describes a population. A statistic is denoted by _________________ while parameter is
denoted by _____________. The statement, “Out 500 employees of Robinsons Place Palawan,
175 of them were randomly chosen to be interviewed.” describes _________________.

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 References

Website:

Definition of Random Sampling Google. Google. Accessed May 23, 2020.

https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/definition/random-
sampling/amp.

MP EDUCATION : Not for Profit Organization Follow. “Sampling of Pharmaceuticals.”

LinkedIn SlideShare, March 27, 2014.
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/shettyuc/sampling-in-pharmaceuticals-for-beginners

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