Java Programming

Topperworld.in

Array in java

• In Java, an array is a data structure that stores a fixed-size sequential

collection of elements of the same type.

• These elements can be primitive data types, such as integers or

characters, or objects.

• Arrays in Java provide a way to store and manipulate collections of data in

a more organized manner.

• Arrays in Java are declared with a specific data type, followed by square

brackets “[ ]” indicating the size of the array.

©Topperworld
Java Programming

Advantage of Array:
• Easy to use: Arrays are easy to use and implement, making them a
popular choice among programmers.
• Fast access: Arrays provide fast and efficient access to elements based
on their index, which makes them ideal for storing and retrieving data
quickly.
• Memory efficiency: Arrays are memory-efficient, as they store data in
a contiguous block of memory, which makes them ideal for handling
large amounts of data.
• Easy to manipulate: Arrays can be easily manipulated using loops,
making it easy to perform operations on all elements of an array.

Disadvantage of Array:
• Fixed size: Arrays in Java are of fixed size, which means that the size of
the array cannot be changed once it is initialized.
• Lack of flexibility: Arrays cannot be resized dynamically, which means
that if you need to add or remove elements from an array, you need to
create a new array with a different size.
• Inefficient for certain operations: Arrays are inefficient for certain
operations, such as sorting and searching, as these operations can
require a lot of computational power and time to execute.
• Complex data types: Arrays are not suitable for storing complex data
types, such as objects and structures, as they can only store a single
data type.

❖ Types of Array
There are two types of array:
1. Single Dimensional Array
2. Multidimensional Array

©Topperworld
Java Programming

1.Single Dimensional Array

• Syntax to Declare an Array in Java

dataType[] arr; (or)

dataType []arr; (or)
dataType arr[];

• Instantiation of an Array in Java

arrayRefVar=new datatype[size];

Example of Java Array:

Let's see the simple example of java array, where we are going to declare,
instantiate, initialize and traverse an array.

//Java Program to illustrate how to declare, instantiate, initialize

//and traverse the Java array.
class Testarray{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation
a[0]=10;//initialization
a[1]=20;
a[2]=70;
a[3]=40;
a[4]=50;
//traversing array
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)//length is the property of array
System.out.println(a[i]);
}}

©Topperworld
Java Programming

Output: 10,20,70,40,50

Declaration, Instantiation and Initialization of Java Array

We can declare, instantiate and initialize the java array together by:
int a[]={33,3,4,5}; //declaration, instantiation and initialization

//Java Program to illustrate the use of declaration, instantiation

//and initialization of Java array in a single line
class Testarray1{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a[]={33,3,4,5};//declaration, instantiation and initialization
//printing array
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)//length is the property of array
System.out.println(a[i]);
}}

Output: 33,3,4,5

Example 2:
Array Literal in Java
In a situation where the size of the array and variables of the array are already
known, array literals can be used.
// Declaring array literal
int[] intArray = new int[]{ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
The length of this array determines the length of the created array.

©Topperworld
Java Programming

There is no need to write the new int[] part in the latest versions of Java.

Output:

©Topperworld
Java Programming

Example 3:
An array of objects is also created like :

Output:

©Topperworld
Java Programming

2. Multidimensional Arrays
• Arrays we have mentioned till now are called one-dimensional arrays.
However, we can declare multidimensional arrays in Java.
• A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each element of
a multidimensional array is an array itself.
Syntax to Declare Multidimensional Array in Java:

dataType[][] arrayRefVar;

Example to instantiate Multidimensional Array in Java

• int[][] arr=new int[3][3];//3 row and 3 column
Example of Multidimensional Java Array
Let's see the simple example to declare, instantiate, initialize and print the
2Dimensional array.

//Java Program to illustrate the use of multidimensional array

class Testarray3{
public static void main(String args[]){
//declaring and initializing 2D array
int arr[][]={{1,2,3},{2,4,5},{4,4,5}};
//printing 2D array
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}}

©Topperworld
Java Programming

123
Output:
245
445

Jagged Array in Java

If we are creating odd number of columns in a 2D array, it is known as a jagged
array. In other words, it is an array of arrays with different number of
columns.

1. /Java Program to illustrate the jagged array

2. class TestJaggedArray{
3. public static void main(String[] args){
4. //declaring a 2D array with odd columns
5. int arr[][] = new int[3][];
6. arr[0] = new int[3];
7. arr[1] = new int[4];
8. arr[2] = new int[2];
9. //initializing a jagged array
10. int count = 0;
11. for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
12. for(int j=0; j<arr[i].length; j++)
13. arr[i][j] = count++;
14.
15. //printing the data of a jagged array
16. for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++){
17. for (int j=0; j<arr[i].length; j++){
18. System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
19. }
20. System.out.println();//new line
21. }
22. }
23. }

©Topperworld
Java Programming

012
Output:
3456
78

//Java Program to demonstrate the addition of two matrices in Java

class Testarray5{
public static void main(String args[]){
//creating two matrices
int a[][]={{1,3,4},{3,4,5}};
int b[][]={{1,3,4},{3,4,5}};

//creating another matrix to store the sum of two matrices

int c[][]=new int[2][3];

//adding and printing addition of 2 matrices

for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.println();//new line
}
}}

Output: 268
6 8 10

©Topperworld