2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

Smart Farming for Agriculture Management

Using IOT
2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) | 979-8-3503-9737-6/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACCS57279.2023.10112839

G Balu Narasimha Rao K Venkateswara Rao Raviteja kamarajugadda

Department of CSE Department of CSE Department of IT
Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Vignan’s Lara Institute of Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of
Technology & Research, Technology & Science, Engineering,
Vadlamudi, Guntur, India. Vadlamudi, Guntur, India. Mylavaram, Vijayawada, India.
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Avuthu Avinash Reddy P Padmini Rani

Department of Advanced Computer Science & Department of CSE
Engineering Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology & Science,
Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology & Vadlamudi, Guntur, India.
Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, India [email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract—Smart farming is an raising idea because IOT The major problem faced during crop production is
sensors are giving information about agricultural fields and leading to wastage of water, non-timely watering in the
take action based on the given input. The scarcity of food field or inaccurate amount of water being poured in the
and huge growth of population are the most provocation field. If the water is more than enough or less than enough
facing the growth of global. Latest technologies like Internet
of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence(AI) and the high
thereby destroying the crop [2]. This marks the first major
speed internet are providing the practical solutions to the problem.
new challenges facing by the global. smart farming creates a Water level in the origin tank sometimes goes low or
feasible to record and identify many assorted and scientific
sometimes gets over-drained. Therefore, information
arguments through latest tools and devices to trace the
operations performed by the end users. The article of this
regarding scarcity of water in the tank is the second major
paper contain evolution Smart farming is a raising idea problem [2]. To address the aforementioned issues, this
because internet of things (IOT) sensors are efficient of a research paper presents a based low-cost, low-power
technique which can measure temperature, pH level and hardware system paired with an IOT and mobile
condition of the soil. It sends an SMS alert to the farmer application. Architecture is shown in Fig. 1.
mobile through GSM module so the farmers can keep track
of the fields condition from any place. It also helps in
maintaining water by automatically providing water to the
fields depending on the water requirements. It is mostly used
in fields, lawns and parks. In addition to this, effect of
environment is reduced and enlarges the quality & quantity
and more importantly overall viability will increase.

Keywords—Viability, Quality, Quantity, GSM,

Provocation, AI and IoT

I. INTRODUCTION
Food is the most vital factor in a person's for a healthy
and food supply. Today’s maximum crops are growing
with a hybrid seeds survival and Farming is the only way
to produce the food. As We all know that the farming is
the main thing, more chemical fertilizers; if this is the Fig. 1. Architecture
situation crop needs more water than needed because the
pH level increase in the soil and it leads to damage of II. EXISTING SYSTEM
health, soil and environment. Modish cultivation is a
In the existing system the farmer has to monitor the
bright supervision idea make utilize recent automation to
fields with a man power by spending all his efforts in the
improve the performance, quality, quantity of crofting
field, and he can produce for a limited production of crop
byproducts. Automatic farming can convert agricultural
in the market [3].
domain from being manual and static to intelligent and
dynamic which leads to lesser human supervision and
higher production [1].

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

There are some problems had in the water Arduino can be powered by a USB port supply ranging
management to crops if water is more or less than enough from 5 to 20 volts. It has 14 digital input/output pins and 6
thereby destroying the crop. analogue input/output pins.

III. PROBLEMS IN EXISTING SYSTEM B. Soil Moisture Sensor

a) Wastage of water: If water to the soil is more than The soil moisture sensor is used to compute the
enough and in that case also water release manually then gravimetric data of the ground. The value of the sensor
it leads to wastage of water. varies from 0 to 1023. 0 being most wet conditioned and
b) More human supervision: Existing system needs more 1023 being very dry condition. This sensor examines the
human power to monitor the fields by spending all their resistance and moisture value to know the sol condition.
efforts in the fields. When the soil is in dry condition means less water leads to
c) In existing system the farmer cannot monitor their field poor electricity.
through sms alert.
C. LM35 Sensor
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM LM35 is a accuracy centigrade reversal sensor used to
The system will observe attributes like soil moisture, calculate temperature with an automatic device output
temperature, pH level. It is made up of many sensors that compared to the temperature. It gives the correct results
will monitor these characteristics. All of these actions are compared to the thermistor.
controlled by a microcontroller. The observations will be
relayed to a device via a Wi-Fi network and an android D. pH Sensor
app, or via SMS. A notification will be delivered to a pH monitoring is a important device in the crop area
mobile device. Block diagram of proposed system is for maintaining soil situation. The good pH values for soil
shown in Fig. 2. is commonly in the middle of 5.5 and 6.5. few crops will
achieve more than this ph. value. The pH of a solution can
be measured by the pH meter. The value is less than 7 it is
considered as acid and the value is greater than 7 it is base
and the value is equal to 7 it is a neutral.

E. Pump Motor
The pump motor will make use of sprinkling the land
with water. This motor takes 12 volts of DC and
constantly will smaller areas. This pump motor will
monitor by the motor driver and use one-meter pipe
attached to the water pump.

Fig. 2. Block diagram of proposed system F. Relay Module

This device is operated through electro magnet. It will
if the moisture content in the soil falls below a be activated through micro controller with low power
predetermined level, causing the pump to turn on. The signal. It will restrict the high power voltage up to 10
water will be sprayed by the pump until the soil moisture amps.
content reaches the targeted level [4].
G. LDR sensor
A. Advantages of Proposed System
Light Dependent Resistor is also called as photo
• Water conservation. resistor. This sensor mainly lean on the natural light.
• Maintain moisture in the soil. When the light was converted in to dark the LDR sensor
• Increase the production. resistance value will decreases and when it has light then
• Using LDR sensor we can provide artificial photo automatically the resistor value will increase. This sensor
conductivity mostly used in open places and grounds.

V. HARDWARE USED H. ESP8266 Module

The ESP8266 is an Wi-Fi device module which gives
A. Arduino UNO Board access to any micro controller to the wireless fidelity
Arduino.cc invented the Arduino UNO, which is the network or to the hotspots.
most extensively used microcontroller for different simple
applications. Arduino is designed ofr publicly accessible I. GSM Module
that anyone can use and modify, write and upload code to The SIM800C is a willingly available in the
the device board. These devices will fetch the data. since GSM/GPRS device which is used in many cellular/digital
they are based on the ATmega328P microcontroller.

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

phones and radio devices. These modules are used to B. Steps to check Soil Moisture level
design the IOT devices. Step 1: start

J. LCD Screen Step2: Choose a region

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an digital display Step3: place the pH sensor and find the pH value
screen that produces the result in an image using liquid
Step4: if pH is greater than 6.5 and less than 7.5 then
crystals for its output. Here we had used 16x2 LCD
the soil is healthy. Now fix both Ph and LM35
display.
sensor to find their respective values.
VI. WORKING Step5: if soil moisture< 30 ||temperature >27 then start
watering plants and send information to
Initially, the process of choosing a land region is
Arduino and sms alert to farmers mobile.
initiated and the given land is divided into appropriate
parts. Secondly each piece of land is equipped with Step 6: stop
various sensors such as soil moisture sensor, pH level
Soil Moisture is shown in Fig. 4.
sensor, temperature sensor and so on. pH sensor is used to
observe the soils health condition, if that particular crop is
suitable for that particular pH value then the crop can
grow healthy. After successful installation of sensors, they
are connected to a logic board Arduino where the data is
processed. Thirdly if the temperature is greater than 27
and moisture is less than 30% then the land is watered
automatically until the values reach normal levels. The
moisture and temperature record is kept on track with the
farmer at any point of time through SMS alert [5].
Some crops are grown under the roofs so they cannot
get sufficient sunlight [6]. In that particular cases we can
provide the artificial photosynthesis by using the LDR
sensor. LDR (light dependent resistor) sensor provides the
artificial daylight so that the crops can grow more
efficiently. Firstly, connect LDR sensor, if the intensity is
less than 700 then the LDR will automatically turns on.
Otherwise it automatically turns off [7].

A. Steps to Perform LDR

Step1: Start
Step2; Connect LDR sensor
Step3: check the intensity, if intensity > 700 then LDR
light will off.
Step4: if the intensity < 700 then LDR light will on i.e.
it is in dark.
Step5: stop
LDR Flowchart is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 4. Soil Moisture

TABLE1. REFERENCE VALUES

TEMPE
SOIL PH
SNO CROP RATUR
MOISTURE VALUE
E
1 WHEAT 20-25 35-45% 6.0-7.0
2 PADDY 35 50% 6.0
3 COTTON 27-32 20% 5.8-8.0
Fig. 3. LDR Flowchart SUGARC
4 21-27 30% 6.5-7.5
ANE

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

VII. EXPLANATION
Initially, crops contain different temperature and soil
moisture values according to the values the pump motor
starts automatically for example wheat should contain 20-
25 temperature value and 35-45% of soil moisture values.
In this condition water is not required otherwise crops
needs water.

VIII. RESULTS
Starting IoT kit is shown in Fig. 5. Prompting to connect a
mobile is shown in Fig. 6. Registering device with mobile
no is shown in Fig. 7. Number registered on IoT is shown
in Fig. 8. Confirmation of Registration is shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 8. Number registered on IoT
Displaying Temperature(T), Moisture(M), Light(L), Ph(P)
is shown in Fig. 10. Message Receiving to Mobile is
shown in Fig. 11. Connecting to mobile Telnet through
ESP8266 is shown in Fig. 12 and Updating data in the
command of Telnet is shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 9. Confirmation of Registration

Fig. 5. Starting IoT kit

Fig. 10. Displaying Temperature(T), Moisture(M), Light(L), Ph(P)

Fig. 6. Prompting to connect a mobile

Fig. 7. Registering device with mobile no Fig. 11. Message Receiving to Mobile

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

spraying pesticides, live surveillance, monitoring the field

etc.
Today world is developing the smart technologies, in
future we can use the high- end sensors and
microcontrollers and make the device i.e., precisely small
and work more efficiently than current with less
consumption of utilities and resources.
Future, planning is necessary to overcome restrictions
and append more new factors to this. so that pleasant
farming might benefit the general populace of our nation.
Few factors that we would like to append in future are
Fig. 12. Connecting to mobile Telnet through ESP8266 discussed briefly below.

A. Canopy Farming
Effortlessly We can build the farming in our building
roof areas to get more cultivation lead to quality products.

B. Glass Building
Some plants need more protection from the cold
weather for making organic foods. This type will make
increase agricultural system mostly in low degree
temperature areas.

Fig. 13. Updating data in the command of Telnet REFERENCES

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