4.

5 MICROPROCESSORS
[Common in Computer Engg., I.T., ECE, ETE, ELTX (µP)]

L T P

4 - 2

RATIONALE

The study of microprocessors in terms of architecture, software and interfacing techniques leads to the
understanding of working of CPU in a microcomputer. The development in microprocessors of 32 bit architecture
brings them face-to-face with mainframe finding employment in R&D, assembly, repair and maintenance of hardware
of microprocessors and computers.

Microprocessors find application in process control industry. They also form a part of the electronic switching system
between source and destination in long distance telecommunications. Thus the microprocessor is an area of
specialization. Students of electronics and related engineering branches often use microprocessors to introduce
programmable control in their projects, in industrial training.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Evolution of Microprocessor (4 hrs)

1.1 Typical organization of a microcomputer system and functions of its various blocks

1.2 Microprocessor, its evolution, function and impact on modern society

2. Architecture of a Microprocessor (With reference to 8085 microprocessor)

(12 hrs)

2.1 Concept of Bus, bus organization of 8085

2.2 Functional block diagram of 8085 and function of each block

2.3 Pin details of 8085 and related signals

2.4 Demultiplexing of address/data bus of read/write control signals

2.5 Steps to execute a stored programme

3. Memories and I/O interfacing (11 hrs)

 3.1 Memory organization, Concept of memory mapping, partitioning of total memory space. Address
decoding, concept of I/O, mapped I/O and memory mapped I/O. Interfacing of memory mapped I/O
devices.

3.2 Concept of stack and its function

3.3 Basic RAM Cell, N X M bit RAM, Expansion of word length and capacity, static and dynamic RAM,
basic idea of ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM.

4. Programming (with respect to 8085 microprocessor) (16 hrs)

4.1 Brief idea of machine and assembly languages, Machines and Mnemonic codes.

4.2 Instruction format and Addressing modes. Identification of instructions as to which addressing
mode they belong.

4.3 Concept of Instruction set. Explanation of the instructions of the following groups of instruction set

4.4 Data transfer groups, Arithmetic Group, Logic Group, Stack, I/O and Machine Control Group.

4.5 Programming exercises in assembly language. (Examples can be taken from the list of
experiments).

5. Instruction Timing and Cycles (3 hrs)

5.1 Instruction cycle, machine cycle and T-states

5.2 Fetch and execute cycle.

6. Interrupts (4 hrs)

6.1 Concept of interrupt,

6.2 Maskable and non-maskable

6.3 Edge triggered and level triggered interrupts

6.4 Software interrupt

6.5 Restart interrupts and its use

 6.6 Various hardware interrupts of 8085

6.7 Servicing interrupts, extending interrupt system.

7. Data transfer techniques (4 hrs)

7.1 Concept of programmed I/O operations, sync data transfer (hand shaking),

7.2 Interrupt driven data transfer

7.3 DMA

7.4 Serial output data

7.5 Serial input data.

8. Peripheral devices (10 hrs)

8.1 8255 PPI and 8253 PIT

8.2 8257 DMA controller

8.3 8279 Programmable KB/Display Interface.

8.4 8251 Communication Interface Adapter

8.5 8155/8156

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Familiarization of different keys of 8085 microprocessor kit and its memory map
2. Steps to enter, modify data/program and to execute a programme on 8085 kit
3. Writing and execution of ALP for addition and subtraction of two 8 bit numbers
4. Writing and execution of ALP for multiplication and division of two 8 bit numbers
5. Writing and execution of ALP for arranging 10 numbers in ascending/descending order
6. Writing and execution of ALP for 0 to 9 BCD counters (up/down counter according to choice stored in
memory)
7. Interfacing exercise on 8255 like LED display control
8. Interfacing exercise on 8279 programmable KB/display interface like to display the hex code of key pressed
on display
9. Use of 8085 emulator for hardware testing
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

The digital systems in microprocessors have significant importance in the area of electronics. Adequate competency
needs to be developed by giving sufficient practical knowledge in microprocessors (programming as well as
interfacing). Help may be taken in the form of charts, simulation packages to develop clear concepts of the subject.
Programming exercises other than the given in the list may be given to the students.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8080/8085 by Ramesh S Gaonker, Willey
Eastern Ltd. New Delhi
2. Microprocessor and Microcontrollers by Dr BP Singh, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi
3. Microprocessor and Applications by B Ram
4. Microprocessor and Microcomputers by Refiquzzaman, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Introduction to Microprocessors by Mathur, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
6. Digital Logic and Computer Design by Mano, M Morris; Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
7. Digital Electronics and Applications by Malvino Leach; Publishers McGraw Hills, New Delhi
8. Digital Integrated Electronics by Herbert Taub and Donals Sachilling; Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi
9. Digital Electronics by Rajaraman; Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi
10. Digital Electronics and Microprocessor by Rajiv Sapra, Ishan Publication, Ambala

SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR FACILITATING THE PAPER SETTER

Topic Topic Time Allotted Marks Allotted

No. (Hrs) (%)
1. Evolution of Microprocessor 04 5
2. Architecture of a Microprocessor (With reference 12 20
to 8085 microprocessor)
3. Memories and I/O interfacing 10 15
4. Programming (with respect to 8085 16 25
microprocessor)
5. Instruction Timing and Cycles 08 10
6. Interrupts 04 5
7. Data transfer techniques 04 5
8. Peripheral devices 06 15
Total 64 100