Lesson Note on Basic

Technology JSS 2 First

Term
 26 minutes read

BasicTechnology ENote for JSS 2 First

Term – Edudelight.com
SCHEME OF WORK BASIC TECHNOLOGY JSS 2

WEEK TOPIC

1. First Aids and Materials

2. Rescue Operations

3. Uses of Materials (Wood and Metals)

4. Uses of Materials (Ceramics, Plastics and Rubber)

5. Geometrical Construction; Lines

1. . Angles

8. Triangles

9. Circle

10. Construction of Tangent to a Circle.

11. Revision

12. Examination

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2

2. NERDC, Basic Technology for JSS, Book 2

WEEK ONE
TOPIC: FIRST AIDS
CONTENT

Definition of First Aid.

Aims and Objectives of First Aid.

Materials in the First Aid Box.

Application of Simple First Aid.

Uses of Materials in the First Aid Box.

DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

First aid can be defined as the simple medical treatment that is given as
soon as possible to someone who is injured or who suddenly becomes
ill and injured.

First aid is the immediate treatment given to an injured person before

being taken to the hospital or before the arrival of a doctor.

First aid kit is a small box or bag with the equipment that someone
needs in order to give first aid. During metal work or woodwork
activities in the workshop, everybody should be at alert to give first aid
because a little carelessness can lead to an accident. Sometimes, the
hazards and accidents could be very dangerous and life-threatening. In
order to salvage the life involved, there is need to provide first aid fast
and to have first aid skills.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

1. To save life.

2. To prevent injury from getting worse.

3. To reduce pains as much as possible.

EVALUATION

1. Explain the term “First Aid”.

2. Mention three aims and objectives of first aid.

ACCIDENTS
Some of the domestic and workplace accidents include:
Suffocation: Suffocation poses a great danger to people. This is the
reason for proper ventilation of the workshop.

Cut: Cut results whenever the skin is opened, torn or punctured by such
sharp objects as knives, broken bottles and glasses, scissors or any
rough edge.

Bruises: A bruise occurs when the body is given a blow with sufficient
force. The blow may be applied directly or from a fall in which the body
strikes against a fixed surface. There is bleeding under the skin without
breaking it.

Fire Accidents: Fire accident from inflammable liquids and electrical

appliances are very disastrous.

Electric Shocks: Caused either by naked electric wire or careless

handling of electric appliances.

CONTENTS OF THE FIRST AID BOX

The First aid box is a container, where materials used to give simple
medical treatment before the arrival of a doctor are kept. The box could
be made of wood or metal, but it is usually painted white and with an
“addition” sign written in red. The box comes in different sizes
depending on the amount of the items.

The first aid box must be clearly marked with its name or with a large
red cross, so that everybody can easily recognize it. Contents in the first
aid box include:

1. A roll of cotton wool

2. Safety pins

3. Vaseline

4. Razor blade

5. A clinical thermometer

6. Different sizes of bandages

7. 1 bottle of antiseptic cream

8. Embrocating

9. Scissors

10. A bottle of antiseptic fluid such as Dettol or Savlon, for washing

cuts and bruises etc.
EVALUATION

1. Mention three types of accidents that require first aid treatment.

2. List five items that can be found in a first aid box.

Applications of Simple First Aid

The cases of accidents where first aid treatment is used include:

1. Simple cuts which cause bleeding: The bleeding is drained with

cotton wool and iodine. Penicillin ointment is put on before it is
covered with plaster.

2. Snakebites or scorpions’ stings: These can be treated by tying a

rope above the bite point. A razor blade is used to make one or
two marks on the bite points so that the poison can flow out

3. Respiratory problem: The victim is made to lie down face up.

The belly of the victim is pressed gently to release water through
his mouth and nose. If the patient still does not breathe, try a
mouth to mouth resuscitation by putting your mouth on his mouth
and blowing air into his lungs forcefully.

4. High fever: It can be treated by removing the clothes of the

patient. A wet towel is then used on his body to cool down the
temperature.

5. Dog bite: Clean with Savlon, apply iodine or TBC. Dress the wound
with bandage. Then go to hospital for anti-rabies.

6. Broken arms: Clean and dress wound if any. Splint (bandage with
ruler or stick). Go to the hospital.

7. Hot object and hot palm oil: Clean gently with Savlon and then
apply gentian violent (G.V. Paint) or dermacin cream, give
antibiotics.

8. Electric shock: Firstly, switch off the source of power supply. The
victim is then made to lie down to rest for a while, give milk if
necessary.

9. Febrile convulsion: This happens when body temperature is too

high. Tepid sponge (mopwith ordinary water). Protect the tongue
with spoon covered with bandage in the mouth. Do not give any
drug.

10. Epilepsy: Remove all dangerous objects from his surroundings.

Lay him on one side until he is conscious (awake).

EVALUATION
1. Describe how you will apply first aid to a victim of

high fever (b) electric shock (c) a scorpion bite.

2. Mention five (5) cases of accidents where first aid is needed.

FIRST AID MATERIALS AND THEIR USES

S/N MATERIALS USES

Aspirin or
1 They are used for pain relief.
paracetamol

2 Plaster It is used to cover a small wound.

It is used to drain blood and apply

3 Cotton wool chemicals like hydrogen peroxide on
wound.

It is used with a cotton wool to cover a

4 Gauze bandage
wound.

Cofta tabs or cough

5 These are drugs for treating cough.
mixture

Antacid tabs or Mist These are drugs for stopping stomach

6
mag pains.

Nerve/ bone These are drugs used to relief pains in

7
(Embrocation) the nerves, joints and bone.

Robb or These are ointments used to rob the

8
Mentholatum body against cold and bone pain.

It is also used to rub the surface of fresh

9 Penicillin ointment
wound or injury.

10 Thermometer It is used for measuring temperature.

11 Iodine lotion It is used for treating wounds.

Dettol or Hydrogen
12 It is used for treating wounds
peroxide

13 Spirit It is used to clean the surface of wounds.

14 Injection powder It is used for treating wounds.

EVALUATION

1. Mention eight (8) materials found in a first aid box and state their
uses.

2. State the uses of the following: (a) penicillin ointment (b) cotton
wool

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read Also

Lesson Note on FIRST TERM

English SCHEME OF
Language JSS 3 WORK FOR
Third Term SOCIAL SOCIAL
JSS2 (BASIC 8)

Read “Rescue Operations”

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 56-58

2. Rescue Operations www.xpinoscholars.com.ng

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ____ is a simple initial treatment given to a patient before the

arrival of the doctor. (a) First aid (b) Infection (c) Immunization (d)
Injection

2. The following are materials in the first aid box except ____ (a)
hanger (b) aspirin (c) spirit (d) thermometer

3. Which of the following is the sign on the first aid box? (a) + (b) X (c)
– (d) ÷

4. _____ is applied on a fresh wound (a) Spirit (b) Hydrogen Peroxide

(c) Injection powder (d) Mist Mag

5. Mouth to mouth resuscitation is used for ___ problem (a) snake

bite (b) respiratory (c) high fever (d) bleeding

THEORY

1. State five materials in the first aid box and their uses.

2. Discuss how to give first aid treatment to (a) bleeding from cut (b)
respiratory problem.
WEEK TWO

TOPIC: RESCUE OPERATIONS – ENOTE

CONTENT

Meaning of Rescue Operations

Objectives of Rescue Operations

Types of Rescue Operations

Rescue Operation Situations

Materials used in Rescue Operations

MEANING OF RESCUE OPERATION

Rescue operations are responsive operations organized to save people
or a person from dangerous situation or prevention of injury during an
accident. Rescue operations are carried out by trained firemen, police,
military, first aid or ambulance attendants.

OBJECTIVES OF RESCUE OPERATIONS

1. To save lives.

2. To prevent injury during an accident or dangerous situation.

TYPES OF RESCUE OPERATIONS
1. Air-Sea Rescue (ASR): This is the coordinated search and rescue of
emergency water landings as well as people who have survived
shipwreck or boat mishap.

2. Combat search and rescue (CSAR): This is the search and rescue
operations that are carried out during war that are within or near
combat zone.

3. Mine rescue; is the specialized job of rescuing miners and others

who are trapped or injured in underground mines after mine
accidents.

4. Cave rescue: is the operation involved in rescuing people trapped,

lost or injured in wilderness or cave.

5. Surface-water rescue: is the rescue of a person who is afloat on the

surface of a body of water.

6. Vehicle extrication: is the process of removing vehicle from around

a person who has been involved in a motor accident.

7. Confined space rescue: It involves the rescue and recovery of

victims trapped in a confined space like tanks, sewers and
underground vaults.

8. Urban search and rescue: It involves the location, extrication and

initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in collapsed
buildings or trenches.

EVALUATION

1. What are rescue operations?

2. What is vehicle extrication?

RESCUE OPERATION SITUATIONS

1. Fire outbreak

2. shipwreck or boat mishap

3. plane crash

4. Mine accidents

5. Bomb blast

6. Road accident

7. Collapsed buildings

8. Drowning

9. Natural disaster e.g earthquakes, landslides etc

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN RESCUE
OPERATIONS
1. Helicopters

2. Search and rescue dogs

3. Mounted search and rescue horses

4. The “jaws of life”

5. Hydraulic cutting and spreading tools used to extricate individuals

from wrecked vehicles

6. heavy rescue vehicles

7. Ladder

8. Air bags

9. Ambulance

10. High lift jack etc

11. Fire extinguisher

12. Stretchers

EVALUATION

1. Mention five (5) situations that required rescue operations

2. State ten (10) tools used in rescue operations

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Describe ASR.

2. Mention four persons trained to help in rescue operations.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read “Uses of wood and metals “

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 59-62

2. NERDC, Basic Technology for JSS, Book 2, pages 16 – 22

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
 1. What rescue operation is right for someone trapped in a vault? (a)
cave rescue (b) confined space rescue (c) surface-water rescue (d)
ASR

2. What do we call the rescue of people trapped in a collapsed

building? (a) CSAR (b) mine rescue (c) urban search and rescue (d)
confined space rescue

3. ______ is used to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles (a)

Helicopters (b) Rescue dogs (c) Ambulance (d) Hydraulic cutting
and spreading tools

4. Which of the following does not require rescue operations (a)

collapsed building (b) fire outbreak (c) phone calls(d) natural
disasters

5. ——– is the coordinated search and rescue of emergency water

landings as well as people who have survived shipwreck or boat
mishap (a) ASR (b) CSAR (c) Cave rescue (d) RRS

THEORY

1. (a) What are rescue operations?

(b) Explain “Vehicle extrication”

2. State the function of the following in rescue operations:

(a) rescue dogs (b) ambulance

WEEK THREE

TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS

CONTENT

Uses of Wood

Uses of Metal

USES OF WOOD
Wood is used today in the following industries and processes:
 1. HOUSING: Wood is used for home furniture such as doors, window
and roofing.

2. INDUSTRIAL BUILDING: Many industries are constructed using

wood.

3. JOINERY: Wood is used for making staircase in our buildings today.

4. PACKAGING: Packaging technologist cannot do without wood for

making crates, pallet, and packaging electronics equipment.

5. FURNITURES: Chairs, bed, ward robes, table, book cases etc

6. TRANSPORT: Railway, train wagons, lorry-body.

7. BRIDGES AND POLES: Most farm bridges and bridges across the
roads in villages are made with wood. Some electric poles and
railway sleepers are made of wood.

8. PULP AND PAPER: Exercise book, textbooks, magazines etc are

made from pulp and paper derived from wood.

9. MEDICINE: People who have their arms and legs amputated (cut
off), such are usually replaced by artificial limbs made from wood.

10. CLOTHING: Most heels and some soles shoes are made from
wood. The rayon stocking.

11. TOOL MAKING: Handles for hammer, pick axes, felling axes, screw
drivers and many other tools are made from wood.

EVALUATION

1. Mention five industries using wood and state the processes they
are used for.

1. State the processes they are used for in (1) above.

USES OF WOOD
S/N SOFTWOOD USES

In the building industry for roofing and garages,

1 Cedar
doors and partitions.

Railway sleepers, heavy gate posts, decorative

2 Pine
panel stairways. Pattern making joinery.

Aircraft industry, ship masts, interior joinery,

3 Spruce
ladders, packing cases.

HARDWOOD USES
S/N

1 Afromosia Ship building, good quality furniture.

2 Agba Joinery and furniture.

Model making, life rafts life belts. Insulation

3 Balsa
(noise or heat).

Furniture mallets, kitchen utensils e.g. bread

4 Beech
boards, rolling pins.

5 Ekki Pier piles, dock, gates, bridge building.

6 Iroko Joinery

Cabinet making, ship building, panelled,

7 Mahogamy
carving, wood turnery. veneers

Furniture making , boat building , veneer,

8 Oak
plywood

9 Obeche Interior joinery, furniture, model making.

Ship building , furniture, laboratory benches,

10 Teak
veneers

EVALUATION

1. Describe the purposes for which the following woods are used :(a)
mahogany (b) oak (c) balsa.

2. Mention three soft wood and their uses.

USES OF FERROUS METALS
MELTING
COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES
NAME POINT

Suitable for
moving parts
Mixture of of machinery
Vary with
carbon and because of
carbon
Cast iron carbon the ability of
1240 content.
iron content is one piece to
Brittle with
between 1.5- slide on
hard skin
5% another due
to carbon
content.

Malleable
and ductile. Engine blocks
99% iron with Elastic can haulage gear,
Wrought
2000 small amount be shaped vices, crane,
Iron
of impunities easily when hooks and
red hot chains
(forged)

Haulage gear,
crane hooks
Malleable
and chains,
High 99% iron with and ductile.
anchor
carbon small amounts Elastic. Not
chains,
steel of impunities. very hard.
general
(Tool Varies The carbon Can be
constructional
steel, content is shaped
work, nuts,
cast between 0.1- easily when
bolts, screws,
steel) 0.5% red
non-
hot(forged)
cuttingtool,
steel sheets.

Low
carbon Mixture of Forges and All kinds of
steel Varies carbon and machines cutting tools.
(mild steel well Steel sheets
steel)
USES OF NON-FERROUS METALS
It is used for making aircraft, electrical cables, and
ALUMINUM aluminium, foil, engine parts tubes boxes, kitchen and
cooking utensils.

It is used for making roofing sheets containers,

ZINC galvanizing and protective, cooling on sheet, sheet and
base for many alloys (e.g. brass).

It is used as base for many alloys e.g. bronze, protective

TIN
coating on copper wire and tin plate sheets.

It is used in making many copper alloys, soldering bits,

decorative purposes, wire,
COPPER
electrical point, boiler tubes, rivets, boxes, bowland
pipes.

It is used for making battery elements, water piping

LEAD
base for many alloys and sheeting for roofing.

EVALUATION

1. Mention three uses each of the following non-ferrous metals. (a)

zinc (b)aluminium.

2. State three ferrous metals and their uses

USES OF ALLOYS OF NON-FERROUS METALS

1. DURALUMIN: It is made of 95% aluminium, 4%copper and 1%
manganese. It is used to build aircraft bodies, door and window
frames, vehicle parts etc.

1. BRASS: It is made of 35%zinc 65% copper. We use brass to

make decorative items, ammunition, plumbing fittings,
electrical appliances, etc.

1. BRONZE: It is made of 10% tin and 90% copper. It is used in

carving, statues, plaques, ornaments, ship propellers, gears
and some machine parts.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Differentiate between hard and soft wood

2. Mention 5 uses of wood

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read “USES OF MATERIALS II”

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 63-66

2. NERDC Basic Technology for JSS Book 2. Page 23-27.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The following are hard wood except (a) Balsa (b) Beech (c) Spruce
(d) Iroko.

2. The type of hard wood used in making veneer and plywood is

called (a) Iroko (b) Oak (c) Teak (d) mahogany.

3. The type of metal that is suitable for moving parts of machinery is

(a) cast Iron (b) wrought iron (c) aluminium (d) low carbon steel.

4. The temperature at which wrought iron turns liquid is (a)12400C (b)

2000oC (c)1500oC (d) It varies.

5. Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils because a) it is

malleable (b) it is a good conductor of heat (c) It is light (d) it is a
good conductor of electricity.

THEORY

1. Mention five (5) industries that use wood and their processes.

2. In tabular form state the melting point, composition and uses of

the following metal

(a) Cast iron (b) High carbon steel

WEEK FOUR

TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS II

CONTENT

Uses of Ceramic

Uses of Glass

Uses of Rubber

CERAMIC
All solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ceramics.
Ceramics are concerned with clay and clay products, glass and glass
products, cements and plasters.

USES OF CERAMICS
1. Ceramics can withstand very high temperature; they are used in
making furnaces.

2. Ceramics can carry heavy loads. Thus bricks and cement blocks are
used to build houses. The walls carrying the roof of the building.

3. Ceramics do not corrode and they are resistant to chemical attack.

It can be used to store chemicals and water.

4. They can be easily moulded and decorated, so can be used for

sculpture.

5. They are good insulator of electricity, so can be used as insulation

of high-tension voltages. The insulators between the lines are also
ceramic.

6. They last longer e.g. Benin head.

EVALUATION

1. Explain why ceramics are used in making furnaces

2. Name three common ceramics and state their properties.

USES OF GLASS
1. Glass is used for making bottles.

2. It is used for making tumblers and mugs.

3. It is used for making flower vases.

4. It is used for making bulbs.

5. Glass is also used to make eyeglasses, magnifying glasses and

binoculars.

6. It is also used in mirrors, windscreens of vehicles, television

screens and computer screens.

RUBBER
Raw rubber (Latex) is normally too tough and too hard. It is softened by
adding certain chemicals and mixed through until it is in a state in which
it can be formed.

There are two types of rubber: natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
NATURAL RUBBERS
Are produced from the latex of rubber trees. Natural rubber
deteriorates with age and when it is exposed to sunlight. The process of
improving the properties of rubber is called VULCANIZING. This is done
by adding sulphur to it together with carbon particles and heating it.
Vulcanized rubber is much harder and much heat resistant than
ordinary rubber.

SYNTHETIC RUBBER
These are manufactured from chemicals.They are forms of plastics.
Examples include butyl rubber and neoprene. They have better quality
than natural rubbers. They are resistant to sunlight and temperature
changes. They do not age, like natural rubbers and they are resistant to
chemicals. Rubber products include: hoses, pipes, belts, tyres, tubes,
footwear, rainwear and mounting.

USES OF RUBBER
1. It can be used as an elastic material e.g. for making catapult.

2. Rubber is water proof, so it is used in making sandals and gloves.

3. Rubber has insulating property i.e. it is an insulator. Thus it is used

in covering electrical wires that supply electricity to the iron or
kettle.

4. Rubber can be used as shock absorber, thus it is used in making

bumper of cars, tyres and tubes of cars.

EVALUATION

1. Differentiate between natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

2. List five examples of rubber products.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read about GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION-LINES

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 67-69

2. NERDC Basic Technology for JSS book 2 page28-32.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
 1. All solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ____(a)
plastics (b) rubber (c) semiconductors (d) ceramics

2. The art of using clay to make various objects is called ____ (a)
plastics (b) rubber (c) semiconductors (d) pottery

3. Which of the following is not a rubber product? (a) tyres(b) pipes (c)
foot wear (d) sculpture

4. One of the differences between plastic and rubber is that RUBBER

is more _____ (a) cheaper (b) available (c) elastic (d) tougher

5. Properties of rubber can be improved through the process called

(a)extrusion (b)vulcanization (c) injection moulding (d)compression
moulding.

THEORY

1. State three properties of rubber

2. List three good qualities of ceramics.

WEEK FIVE

TOPIC: GEOMETRICAL
CONSTRUCTION: LINES
CONTENT

Definition of Lines

Types of Lines

Dividing a Given Line into Equal Parts

LINES: A line is a long narrow mark made on a surface. A line may be

straight, crooked or curved.

Properties of lines
1. A line has position and length.

2. A line does not have width or thickness.

3. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.

4. A line that has more than one curve is called a crooked line.

5. Two or more lines always having equal distance apart are parallel
lines.

6. A line following a circular path is a curve.

EVALUATION

1. Define a line

1. State three properties of line.

TYPES OF LINES
Thick continuous line: This is a thick and solid line used to show visible
outlines of an object.

They are also used as border lines (15mm from paper margin).

Thin continuous line: This is a thin and solid line used for dimension
lines, lines, projection lines, leader lines, hatching or section lines etc.

Short dashes: The dashes are about 3mm long and spaced about
1mmfrom each other.

These are approximate values and will depend on how large the
drawing might be. They are used to represent/show hidden details.

Thin continuous chain line: These are thin lines made of long and
short dashes. The long dashes can be about 19-38mm long while the
short dashes may be about 1.5mm long. The length will vary with the
size of the drawing and the length of centre line needed. They are used
for centre lines

Thick continuous chain with arrow head: They are thick lines made
of either long and short dashes or equal sized dashes. Arrow heads are
drawn on their ends to show the direction in which the section was
taken. They are used for cutting and viewing planes.

Thick irregular solid lines: These are thick solid lines drawn freehand.
They are either short break or long break lines used to show the part of
an object that has been removed. The long break lines are drawn as
thin solid lines with Z symbol inserted in several places along its length.

or

Continuous irregular wavy lines: They are thin lines drawn freehand
and are used to indicate the limit of partial views.

Phantom lines: These are thin dashes lines drawn with one long dash
followed by two short dashes. They are used to show alternate
positions of moving parts. The original position is drawn with visible
(thin continuous) lines while its rotated or new position is shown with
phantom lines.

TYPES OF LINES
Thick continuous line: – this is used for all visible outlines. It should be
the most prominent on drawing.

1. Thin continuous line: – This is used for constructing projections,

extensions, hatching and leader lines.

2. Short dashes: This is used to show hidden details.

3. Thick continuous wavy or irregular line): – it is used for irregular

boundary or short break lines.

4. Thin ruled line and zigzags: – This is used for long break lines.

5. Arrow head – it is used for dimension.

6. Thin long chain line: – It is used for centre lines.

7. Thick long chain line: – It is used for cutting viewing lines.

8. Thin continuous wavy line:- It is used for limits of partial views.

EVALUATION

1. Mention five types of lines and state their uses.

1. When do we use thin continuous lines?

Division of a straight line into equal

parts
A line can be divided into a number of equal parts. For example, a given
line can be divided into halves, fourths, eights etc.
Procedure 1
1. Draw the given line AB.

2. Draw AC any convenient acute angle and set off from A.

3. Divide the line into the number of the required parts using a pair
of divider or a scale rule and a pencil.

4. Now join the points on the inclined to the line to be divided from
the extreme with parallel lines.

Procedure 2

1. Draw the given line, AB.

2. Draw a line AC to meet it at any convenient angle.

3. Join CB.

4. Divide AC into the required number of parts using your ruler. Label
the points 1,2,3,4…

5. From the points 1, 2, 3…. Draw lines parallel to CB to meet AB.

These parallel lines intersect AB at the required points; this divides
AB into equal segments.

ACTIVITY

Divide a straight line 70mm long into 5 equal parts.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. How can horizontal and vertical line be drawn?

2. List the information required in title block.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read about ANGLES

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 56-58

2. NERDC Basic Technology for JSS book 2 page 32-39.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
 1. Identify this line. ___________________________________ (a) thin
continuous line (b) ruled zigzag line (c) arrow head line. (d) short
dashes.

2. The type of line used in showing visible outline is (a) thin

continuous line (b) thick continuous line (c) thin ruled zigzag line
(d)thick continuous wavy line.

3. The shortest distance between two points is _______ (a) curve (b)
straight line (c) crooked line (d) parallel line

4. Which of the following is not a property of a line? (a)It has position

and length (b)It has width and thickness (c)It has virtually no
thickness (d) It may be a straight line or curved line.

5. The line that is used in showing hidden details is __________ (a) thin
continuous (b) thick continuous (c) arrow hand (d) short dashes

THEORY

1. (a) Define a line.

2. Draw a line AB of 60mm and divide the line into 8 equal parts.

1. Draw line AB equals to 10cm and divide into proportions 3:5:4.

WEEK SIX AND SEVEN

TOPIC: ANGLES ENOTE

CONTENT

DEFINITION OF ANGLES

TYPES OF ANGLES

BISECTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF ANGLES.

ANGLES

An angle is formed when two straight lines intersect or meet at a point.

The sum of angle at the centre of a complete circle is 3600.

TYPES OF ANGLES
1. Acute angles: – These are angles that are less than 900.

2. Right angle: – This is an angle that is equal to 900.

3. Obtuse angles: – These are angles that are greater than 900 but
less than 1800.

4. Reflex angles: – These are angles that are greater than 1800 but
less than 3600.

5. Complementary angles: – These are angles that sum up to 900.

6. Supplementary angles: – These are angles that sum up to 1800.

EVALUATION

1. Define an angle.

2. Mention five types of angle and describe them.

CONSTRUCTION OF ANGLES
The following are several ways of constructing or drawing angles:

Using a setsquare

Using a combination of setsquares

Using a protractor

Using a pair of compasses

HOW TO CONSTRUCT ANGLES USING

SETSQUARE
Standard angles are angles 300,450, 600 and 900. These angles can be
drawn by simply using a setsquare. The method is simply choosing the
appropriate setsquare that has the angle that is to be drawn. Thus 300-
600 setsquare is used to draw 300, 600 and 900. Similarly, the 45-45
setsquare is used to draw 450 and 900.

EVALUATION

With the aid of a set square construct the following angle: i)900 ii) 600
iii)450

COMBINATION OF SETSQUARES
Setsquares can be combined to construct the following angles:
 1. To construct 750, combine 450 and 600 setsquares

1800– (600 + 450)= 750

2. To construct 1350, combine 450 and 900

450+ 900 = 1350

3. To construct 1050, combine 600 and 450

450+ 600 = 1350

EVALUATION

1. Combine the sets-square to construct angles750 and 1350.

2. Construct angle 60o

HOW TO DRAW AN ANGLE USING A

PROTRACTOR
Procedure

1. Place the protractor on the line from which the angle is to be

formed. The baseline marked O at one end and, 180 marked at the
other end.

2. Set the centre of the protractor to start from where the vertex of
the angle will be.

3. Mark the required degree of the angles to be drawn.

4. Use a straight line to join the marked point at the angle to the
point vertex of the angle

EVALUATION

1. Measure the following angles using your protractor

a) 880 b)1700 c)2750 d) 3000 e)150

2. Construct angle 30o

How to construct Angles Using a Pair

of Compasses
600
Procedure

1. Draw a straight line and mark the centre O.

2. From O, using a convenient radius at point A draw an arc (almost a

quadrant).

3. With same radius draw another arc to intersect the first arc at C.

4. Draw a line from O through the point of intersection.

The angle formed is 600

900

Procedure

1. Draw a straight line and mark the centre O.

1. From O draw a semicircle to touch the straight line at A and B.

1. From A, with longer radius, draw an arc at the centre up.

1. From B, with longer radius, draw an arc at the centre up to

intersect at C.

1. Draw a line from O through C.

The angle COA and COB is 900

BISECTION OF ANGLES
To bisect a given angle

1. Draw a given angle ABC.

2. With centre B and any convenient radius draw an arc to cut AB to

D and BC at E.

3. With centre A1 and any small radius an arc.

4. With centre E and the same radius draw an arc to intersect the
previous one at F.

5. Join BD, BD bisects angle ABC, i.e. angle ABD= DBC.

6. Use a protractor to check angles ABF and CBF.

The following angles can be constructed by bisection:

300 can be constructed by bisecting 600

150 can be constructed by bisecting 300

12.50 can be constructed by bisecting 150

450 can be constructed by bisecting 900

22.50 can be constructed by bisecting 450

READING ASSIGNMENT

‘Read about TRIANGLES’

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 77-79

1. NERDC-BASIC TECHNOLOGY, BOOK 2, page 46- 51

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The angle that FC makes when constructed perpendicular with line

AB is _______ (a) 1800 (b) 2700 (c) 900 (d) 1200

2. The line FC is called __________ (a) vertical (b) perpendicular (c)

Horizontal (d) incline

3. Which of the following drawing materials cannot be used to

construct a straight line? (a) Compass (b) protractor (c) Ruler (d)
pencils

4. Angles that sum up to 1800 is called __________ (a) supplementary

(b) complementary (c) Reflex (d) obtuse

5. The line for all visible outlines is called ____________ (a) Thin
continuous line (b) Thick continuous line (c) short dashes (d) Zig –
Zag lines.

THEORY

1. With the aid of a protractor measure the following angles

(a)150 (b)700 (c)1500 (d)2200 (e)3000.

With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and 300

WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: TRIANGLES – ENOTE
CONTENT

Triangles

Types of triangles

Construction of triangles

TRIANGLE
A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three straight lines and having
three angles. The sum of angles in a triangle is 1800

TYPES OF TRIANGLES
1. Scalene triangle: – This is a triangle that has none of its sides or
angles equal.

2. Isosceles triangle: – This is a triangle that has two sides and two
angles equal.

3. Equilateral triangle: – This is a triangle that has all the three sides
and angles equal.

4. Right-angled triangle: – This is a triangle that one of its angles

equal to 900 and the longest line facing the 900 is called THE
HYPOTENUSE

EVALUATION

1. What is a triangle?

1. List the types of triangles and describe them.

TO CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE

THREE SIDES
Procedure
 1. Draw the horizontal line and mark off the base of the triangle AB.

2. With center A and a radius equal to the length of a side of the

triangle, strike an arc

3. With center B and a radius equal to the other side strike another
arc to cut the previous one at C.

4. Join CA and CB to obtain the triangle ABC.

EVALUATION

Construct triangle ABC such that AB is 8cm BC 7cm and AC is 6cm

TO CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO

SIDES AND THE INCLUDED ANGLE
1. Draw a horizontal line and mark off one of the given sides AB

2. At A, construct the given included angle BAC with the aid of a

protractor

3. With center A and radius equal to the other given side of the
triangle cut AC at D.

4. Join DB to complete the required triangle ABD

EVALUATION

Construct triangle ABC such that line AB is 5cm, <ABC is 600 and line BC
is 7cm

TO CONSTRUCT AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

USING COMPASSES
1. Draw a horizontal line and mark off base AB equal to the given
side.

2. With centers A and B and a radius equal to the given side, strike
arcs to intersect at C.

3. Join CA and CB to obtain the required equilateral triangle.

EVALUATION

1. Construct an equilateral triangle whose sides are 6cm long.

1. Construct triangle ABC such that line AB is 5cm, <ABC is 600

and line BC is 7cm

READING ASSIGNMENT
Read about “CIRCLES”

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 73-76

1. NERDC, BASIC TECHNOLOGY, BOOK 2, page 40- 46

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Which of the following triangles has all its sides equal? (a)
Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d) Right-angled

2. Which of the following triangles has none of its side equal? (a)
Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d) Right-angled

3. Which of the following triangles has all two sides equal? (a)
Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d) Right-angled

4. What is the center rule formula used to construct a polygon as well

as dividing a circle into equal parts? (a) 360 – N (b) 360 x N (c) 360/ N
(d) 360 + N

5. The perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base of triangles

is called ______(a) vetoed (b) Aptitude (c) Altitude (d) Interior

THEORY

1. Construct a rectangle of length 7cm and breadth 5cm with the aid
of compass and ruler.

2. Construct a square with diagonal 5cm.

WEEK NINE

TOPIC: CIRCLE

CONTENT
DEFINITION OF CIRCLE – ENOTE
PARTS OF A CIRCLE
A circle is a plane figure bounded by a curved line called the
circumference. All the points on the circumference of a circle are
equidistant from a point called the centre.

PARTS OF A CIRCLE
1. Diameter

The diameter is a straight line drawn through the centre of a circle and
meeting the circumference at both ends.

Radius

The radius is a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to any
point on the circumference of the circle. The length of the radius is
always used to draw the circle.

Segment

The segment is an area of the circle bounded by an arc and a straight

line called the chord.

Chord
The chord is a straight line which joins any two given points on the
circumference of a circle.

Sector

The sector is part of the circle bounded by two radii and an arc.

Quadrant

The quadrant is the part of the circle bounded by two radii which are at
right angles to each other, bounded by an arc. The quadrant, as the
name, is ¼ of the circle.

Tangent

The tangent is usually formed outside the circle. When a straight line
touched is formed. However, that line must be right angle to a radius

EVALUATION

1. Draw a circle 30mm and show the different parts.

1. Explain each part of a circle

HOW TO DRAW A CIRCLE GIVEN THE

RADIUS
Procedure

1. Draw the centre lines horizontally, and the other vertically, to

intersect each other at E at 900.

2. The point of intersection is the centre. With the compass at centre

E, pick the given radius into the compasses.

3. The point of intersection E, is the centre of the circle. Place the

pinpoint of the compasses on the centre and swing the pencil
round such that the pencil makes 3600 to give the circle.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE THROUGH A

THREE POINTS WHICH ARE NOT ON A
STRAIGHT LINE
Procedure
 1. Join the given points ABC with straight lines AB and BC.

2. Draw the perpendicular bisector of the two lines AB and BC to

intersect at point D.

3. The point of intersection D is the centre of the circle. With point D

as centre, set the pencil point of the compasses to any of the three
given point A, B or C

4. Swing your compass through the three points to produce the

circle.

HOW TO DRAW A SERIES OF CIRCLES

TOUCHING ONE ANOTHER ON THE TWO
CONVERGING LINES
Procedure

1. Copy the given converging lines AB and AC.

2. Bisect the angle between the converging lines BA and CA.

3. Draw a line from A to pass through D.

4. AE is the bisector, and the centre of the circles is located on the

bisector.

5. Draw the largest circle by placing the point of the compasses

somewhere on the bisector and adjust the pencil point, until the
required radius is obtained.

6. Draw a tangent FG to the circle at point of intersection between

the circumference of the circle and the bisector .

7. Bisect the angle IJA

8. Draw a line through point K to intersect main bisector AE at L.

9. Note that point L is the centre for smaller circle.

10. With centre L draw the smaller circle to touch the bigger circle
tangentially.

HOW TO FIND CENTRE OF A CIRCLE

Procedure

1. Draw the given circle.

2. Draw any two chords AB and AC.

3. Bisect lines AB and AC. The bisecting lines will intersect at O.

4. O is the centre of the circle.

EVALUATION
 1. Draw a circle of diameter 80 mm and determine its centre.

1. Draw three circles of diameter 40mm touching each other

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read construction of tangents to a circle

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, book 2 page 73-76

1. NERDC, Basic technology for JSS book 2, page 44-45.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The part of the circle that is bounded by an arc or cord is (a)

segment (b) sector (c) diameter (d) tangent.

2. A straight line drawn through the centre, meeting the

circumference at both ends is called (a) sector (b)radius (c)
diameter (d) tangent

3. A plane figure bounded by a curved line called circumference is

called——-(a) triangle (b) circle (c) quadrilaterals (d) curved line

4. Any straight line drawn across the circle, meeting the

circumference at both ends is called (a) chord (b) tangent (c) radius
(d) diameter

5. Which of the following can be used to draw a circle? (a) protractor

(b) French curve (c) compass (d) template

THEORY

1. Draw a circle of radius 35mm and divide it into 12 equal sizes.

2. Draw a circle and with shaded portion show (i) quadrant (ii) sector
(iii) segment inside the circle.

WEEK TEN

TOPIC: CONSTRUCTION OF TANGENT

TO A CIRCLE
CONTENT

Construction Of Tangent To A Given Circle.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A TANGENT TO A

CIRCLE AT A GIVEN POINT ON THE
CIRCUMFERENCE
Procedure

1. Draw the given circle with centre O

2. Indicate the given point P.

3. Draw a line from centre O to pass through point P to extend

outside the circle.

4. With centre P and radius OP, draw an arc to cut the extended line
at A.

5. Bisect line OA.

6. Join the bisecting points with a line BC

7. BC is the required tangent

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A TANGENT TO A

CIRCLE FROM A GIVEN POINT OUTSIDE THE
CIRCLE
Procedure
 1. Draw the given circle with centre O.

2. Indicate the point P to centre O

3. Join point P to the centre O.

4. Construct a semicircle on OP to cut the circle at A.

5. A is point of tangency on the circle.

6. Draw a line to join P to A to give the required.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE OF A GIVEN

RADIUS TO TOUCH A GIVEN STRAIGHT LINE
AND CIRCLE
Procedure

1. Draw the given straight line AB, and a circle O

2. Draw a line parallel to line AB at a distance equal to the radius of

the required circle.

3. Take this length (radius of required circle R2 + radius of given circle

R1.

4. With O as centre, draw an arc to cut the parallel line at C.

5. With centre C and radius CD, draw required circles.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE TO TOUCH

THREE GIVEN LINES
Procedures
 1. Draw the three given lines.

2. Bisect the two angles.

3. The Bisecting lines should be extended to intersect at O.

4. O is the centre of the required circle.

5. Draw a line perpendicular to any side from centre O to give A.

6. With centre O and radius OA draw the required circle.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE OR AN ARC

OF A GIVEN RADIUS TO TOUCH TWO GIVEN
CONVERGING LINES
Procedure

Draw the given lines AB and AC

Draw lines parallel to AB and AC at a distance equal to the radius R

of the circle.

Extend the lines to intersect at O.

Draw a line perpendicular to AB or AC from O.

With centre O, and radius OD draw the arc to touch the two
converging lines.

EVALUATION

1. Draw a tangent to a circle of radius 40mm from a point ‘P ‘80mm

outside the circle.

2. With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and 300

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read more on construction of tangents.

1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, book 2 page 73-76

1. NERDC, Basic technology for JSS book 2, page 44-45.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
 1. The angle that FC makes when constructed perpendicular with line
AB is _______ (a) 1800 (b) 2700 (c) 900 (d) 1200

2. The line FC is called __________ (a) vertical (b) perpendicular (c)

Horizontal (d) incline

3. Which of the following drawing materials cannot be used to

construct a straight line? (a) Compass (b) protractor (c) Ruler (d)
pencils

4. Angles that sum up to 1800 is called __________ (a) supplementary

(b) complementary (c) Reflex (d) obtuse

5. The line for all visible outlines is called ____________ (a) Thin
continuous line (b) Thick continuous line (c) short dashes (d) Zig –
Zag lines.

THEORY

1.

Draw a tangent to a circle of radius 30mm from a point ‘P ‘70mm

outside the circle.

1. With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and
300.

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Gift job
September 14, 2024 at 8:28 pm

Thanks,this materials is really helpful

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