Algebra 𝑥 1−cos 𝑥 2 tan 𝜃 Law of sines and cosines 𝑑 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣

tan = ±√ tan 2𝜃 = 𝑢 = 𝑣𝑢𝑣−1 ( ) + 𝑢𝑣 ln 𝑢 ( )

(𝑎 ± 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 ± 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 2 1+cos 𝑥 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑎 ± 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 ± 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 ± 𝑏 3 = =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 𝑑 log 𝑎 𝑒 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎0 = 1 sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
log 𝑎 𝑢 = ( ) ln 𝑢 = ( )
𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎𝑚 )(𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑎 𝑚+𝑛 cos 2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑎𝑚 Analitic Geometry sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢 ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚×𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 1 1 1 1
𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ = − cos 2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ = cos 2𝜃 +
2 2 2 2 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑚2 − 𝑚1 cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑢 ( )
Logarithms 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) tan 𝜃 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ± cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦 1 + 𝑚1 𝑚2
log(𝑎𝑏) = log 𝑎 + log 𝑏 𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑎 𝑚= 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
log ( ) = log 𝑎 − log 𝑏 cos(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ∓ sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 𝑥2 −𝑥1 tan 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( )
𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
log(𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑛 log 𝑎 log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1 tan 𝑥 ± tan 𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑝(𝑥 − ℎ) (horizontal parabola)
log 1 = 0 tan(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
1 ∓ tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 csc 𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 ( )
𝑛 1 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑝(𝑦 − 𝑘) (vertical parabola) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
log √𝑎 = log 𝑎 ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑛 1 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
log 𝑎 (𝑏) = 𝑥 ∴ 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑎log𝑎 (𝑏) = 𝑏 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = [cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) − cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)] (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 (circle equation) sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ( )
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏
log 𝑎 (𝑎 ) = 𝑏 log 𝑎 (𝑥) = 𝑦 ∴ 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦
log 𝑏 (𝑥) 1 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
log 𝑎 (𝑥) = log 1 (𝑥) = − log 𝑎 (𝑥) cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = [cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)] + = 1 (horizontal ellipse) 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
cot 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 ( )
𝑎2 𝑏2
log 𝑏 (𝑎) 𝑎 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
1 + = 1 (vertical ellipse) 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
Geometry sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = [sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sin(𝑥 − 𝑦)] 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin 𝑢 = ( )
Circle: 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑟 = 𝜋𝑑 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 2 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
2
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
Prism: 𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ − = 1 (hyperbola equation)
1
𝑥±𝑦 𝑥∓𝑦 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
Pyramid: 𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ sin 𝑥 ± sin 𝑦 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos 𝑢 = − ( )
3 2 2 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
2
Differential calculus
Cylinder: 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + ℎ) 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( ) 𝑑 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑢 = 2 ( )
4 2 2 𝑐=0 𝑥=1
Sphere: 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 3 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
Trigonometric identities cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦 = −2 sin ( ) sin ( ) 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑢 = − 2 ( )
2 2 (𝑢 + 𝑣 − 𝑤) = + − 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 𝜋 𝜋
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin ( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 csc ( − 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑛 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
2 2 𝑐𝑢 = 𝑐 ( ) 𝑢 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec 𝑢 = ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = 𝜋 𝜋
sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos ( − 𝑥) = sin 𝑥 sec ( − 𝑥) = csc 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
2 2 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢 ( ) + 𝑣 ( ) 𝑎𝑟𝑐 csc 𝑢 = − ( )
1 sin 𝜃 1 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2
tan 𝜃 = = cot 𝜃 = = 𝜋 𝜋
cot 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃 sin 𝜃 tan ( − 𝑥) = cot 𝑥 cot ( − 𝑥) = tan 𝑥
2 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 Integral calculus
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣( )−𝑢( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ( )=
sin(𝑥 ± 2𝜋) = sin 𝑥 csc(𝑥 ± 2𝜋) = csc 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
∫(𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑤) = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑤
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝑢
cos(𝑥 ± 2𝜋) = cos 𝑥 sec(𝑥 ± 2𝜋) = sec 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢 = 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 ( ) ∫ 𝑐 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 1 − cos 𝑥 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥 tan(𝑥 ± 𝜋) = tan 𝑥 cot(𝑥 ± 𝜋) = cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin = ±√ cos = ±√
2 2 2 2 𝑑 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑛+1
𝑒 = 𝑒𝑢 ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1
 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∫ = ln 𝑢 + 𝑐 = ln 𝑢 + ln 𝑐 = ln 𝑐𝑢 ∫ = ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ) + 𝑐
𝑢 √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2
𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐 ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin + 𝑐
ln 𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2

∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑢 𝑎2 𝑢
∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin + 𝑐
2 2 𝑎

∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑢 𝑎2
∫ √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 𝑑𝑢 = √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ± ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ) + 𝑐
2 2

∫ tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ln cos 𝑢 + 𝑐 = ln sec 𝑢 + 𝑐

Special values of tirgonometric functions
∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln(csc 𝑢 − cot 𝑢) + 𝑐 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝛼 0 (30°) (45°) (60°) (90°)
6 4 3 2
∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln(sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢) + 𝑐
1 1 √3
0 1
∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln sin 𝑢 + 𝑐 sin 2 √2 2

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
√3 1 1
1 0
cos

2 √2 2
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐

∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐

√3
0 1 √3 -
tan

3
∫ csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐

∫ 𝒖 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗 𝒅𝒖

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan + 𝑐 −𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝑢2 + 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢−𝑎
∫ = ln +𝑐
𝑢2 − 𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑢 + 𝑎

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑎+𝑢
∫ = ln +𝑐
𝑎2 − 𝑢2 2𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑢

𝑑𝑢 𝑢
∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin + 𝑐
√𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑎