TEST REVIEW for MID&FINAL

1. Write the phonemic symbols that correspond to each of the following descriptions.
E.g: long close front spread vowel: /i:/
a. short open front spread vowel /æ/
b. short close front spread vowel /ɪ /
c. long close back rounded.vowel /uː/
d. long mid central neutral vowel /ɜ:/
e. long open back neutral vowel /ɑ:/

2. Describe the vowels below using articulatory features.

a. /ʊ/ short close back rounded vowel
b. /ↄ:/ long mid back rounded vowel
c. /ǝ/ short mid central newtral vowel
d./e/ short mid front spread vowel
e. /ɪ/ short close front spread vowel
3. Give a full description of each of the following sounds, using articulatory features.
E.g. /f/ voiceless labio-dental fricative
a. /n/ voiced alveolar nasal
b. /ŋ/ voiced velar nasal
c. /r/ voiced post alveolar approximant
d. /k/ voiceless velar plosive
e. /ð/ voiced dental fricative
/s/ voiceless alveolar fricative
g. /d/ voiced alveolar plosive
h. /ꭍ/ voiceless palato alveolar fricative
/w/ voiced bilabial approximant
/h/ voiceless glottal fricative

4. Write the phonemic symbols that correspond to each of the following descriptions
give example to illustrate
E.g. voiced lateral plosive: /t/ tea
a. voiceless bilabial plosive /p/ park
b. voiceless labiodental fricative /f/ fish
c. voiced velar plosive /g/ goose
d. voiceless dental.fricative /θ/ thing
e. voiceless palato-alveolar affricate /tʃ/ watch
5. Identify the word that has been transcribed incorrectly, and then write the correct
form of the transcription. And write each line in normal English spelling.
Eg. [ðә hɒt iz red]  [hɒt] correction: [hæt] = the hat is red
a: [ðә taɪm hæz cʌm] -> [cʌm] correction: [kʌm] = the time has come
b: [ðә wɒlrәs sæd] -> [sæd] correction : [sed] = the walres said
c: [tu tɒlk әv mɛni: θɪŋz] -> [tɒlk] correction [tɔːk] = to talk of many things
d: [әv ʃu:z ɑnd ʃɪps] -> [ɑnd] correction [ænd] = of shoes and ships
e: [ænd si:lɪŋ wæx] -> [wæx] correction [wæks] = and sealing wax
f: [әv kæbәgәz ænd kɪŋz] -> [kæbәgәz] correction [ˈkæbɪʤɪz] of cabbages and kings
g: [ænd wɑɪ ðә si: ɪs bↄɪlɪŋ hɒt] [ɪs] correction [ɪz] and why the sea is boiling hot
h: [ænd wɛθәr pɪgz hæv wɪŋz] ->[ wɛθәr] correction [ˈweðər] and whether pigs have wings
6. Transcribe the following passage using Broad Phonetic Transcription showing detailed
articulatory characteristics of individual sounds such as (1) aspiration (2) dark l// x
clear /l / (3) linking r / ðerɪz/ (4) syllabic consonants.
Note for each sound symbol. Then mark the stressed syllables.
Phiên âm đoạn văn sau bằng Phiên âm ngữ âm rộng thể hiện các đặc điểm phát âm chi tiết của
từng âm thanh riêng lẻ như (1) khát vọng (2) tối l// x rõ ràng /l / (3) liên kết r / ðerɪz/ (4) phụ
âm âm tiết.
Lưu ý cho mỗi ký hiệu âm thanh. Sau đó đánh dấu các âm tiết được nhấn mạnh.

“Another area which has changed significantly is what happens before marriage. In the
past, people lived with their parents until they got married, and each marriage was supposed
to be a "white wedding". Today, living together before marriage and premarital sex are
considered normal, and many people "tryout" their relationship by living together before
getting married.”

7. Write the following words in broad phonetic transcription, adding any diacritic
symbols we used in chapter two
Viết các từ sau theo phiên âm rộng, thêm bất kỳ ký hiệu dấu phụ nào chúng tôi đã sử dụng
trong chương hai

8. Transfer the following passage to ordinary writing

Chuyển đoạn văn sau sang văn bản thông thường

9. State the place of articulation represented by each of the diagrams below:

Nêu vị trí phát âm được thể hiện trong mỗi sơ đồ dưới đây:

10. Indicate all instances of schwa sounds in the following text underlining
them/ write them down - remember to try to pronounce it as you would in
running speech.
Chỉ ra tất cả các trường hợp của âm schwa trong văn bản sau, gạch chân/viết chúng ra giấy -
nhớ cố gắng phát âm nó như cách bạn phát âm khi nói chạy.
“ The lecture was to take place on the terrace of someone's house. Chairs had
been placed in rows, and at the sides there were tables covered with checked
tablecloths from which coffee and sandwiches were served. It was sunset
time,·but it was quite warm; the season was changing, soon now it would be
summer again. The sky glowed with a large patch of orange against which
roofs and the tops of trees were cut o.ut in black.”

11. What are Phonetics and its branches?

Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech. It focuses on the
physical properties of speech sounds, how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
Phonetics provides a systematic way to analyze and describe the sounds of languages.
There are three main branches of phonetics:
Articulatory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics

12. Name the articulators above the larynx:

a. alveolar ridge b. hard c. nose d. soft palate (velum) e. upder lip f. lower lip g. pharynx h. larynx

13. What is allophone?

Allophone is different pronunciations of the same phoneme. Using a different allophone does
not change meaning.

14. Name the allophones of the phoneme /l/ and their features when they happen.

/l/ is a consonant. One common allophone is the clear or light /l/, which is produced at the
beginning of a syllable or before a vowel. Another allophone is the dark or velarized /l/, which
is produced at the end of a syllable or before a consonant.

15. Fill all English consonants into the matrix below.

Place of articulation Voiceless consonants Voiced consonants
Bilabial /p/ /b/, /m/, /w/
Labiodental /f/ /v/
Dental θ/ ð/
Alveolar /t/ , /s/ /d/, /z/, /n/, /l/
Post alveolar /r/
Palato – alveolar tʃ/ , / ʃ/ dʒ/ , / ʒ/
Palatal / j/
Velar /k/ /g/, / ŋ/
Glottal /h/

16. Name the allophones of the phoneme /l/ and their features when they happen.
The phoneme /l/ has several allophones, which are variations of the sound that occur in
different phonetic environments. The specific allophones of /l/ can vary depending on the
language or dialect being analyzed.
Light L: This is the most common allophone of /l/ and is characterized by a clear, "light"
sound. It is typically used when /l/ occurs at the beginning of a syllable or before a vowel.
The light L is considered a "clear" or non-velarized variant.
Dark L: This allophone occurs in certain positions, typically when /l/ appears after a vowel
or in word-final position. It is characterized by a velarized or "dark" quality. The back of
the tongue raises towards the velum, creating a darker sound. The dark L can also be
influenced by the following sounds, such as a back vowel or a consonant like /k/ or /g/.
 Syllabic L: In some cases, /l/ can function as a syllable nucleus on its own, without a
vowel. This is known as a syllabic L. It occurs when the final /l/ in a word or syllable
becomes the center of syllabic prominence, functioning as the nucleus.
17. Fill all English consonants into the matrix below.
Place of articulatione Voiceless consonants Voiced consonants
bilabial
labiodental
dental
alveolar
post alveolar
palato-alveolar
palatal
velar
glottal

18. When is a vowel shortened? How can we indicate vowel shortening of long vowels,
short vowels and dipthongs? Give example to illustrate?
19. Give 5 pairs of words that have differences in pronunciation (shortening/ no
shortening) with explanation
Shortening/ reason No shortening/ reason
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

20. What is a syllable?

21. How many kinds of systems of transcription?
22. When a word ends in a vowel and the following word begins in a vowel, what can happen?
Give e.g. to illustrate