Experimental Activity:
Ohm’s Law
Name: Reian Mervin C. TImbresa Date: April 1 2024
Activity 2: Ohm’s Law Simulation
Introduction
Georg Ohm discovered that when the voltage (potential difference) across a resistor changes, the
current through the resistor changes. He expressed this as
𝐼=𝑉
𝑅
where I is current, V is voltage (potential difference), and R is resistance.
According to Ohm's Law, current is directly proportional to voltage (if the resistance is constant) and
inversely proportional to resistance (if the voltage is constant). In other words, as the voltage
increases, so should the current. The proportionality constant is the value of the resistance. Since the
current is inversely proportional to the resistance, as the resistance increases, the current decreases.
Objectives:
● To verify Ohm’s Law
Material:
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown below.
Note:
● Click on the battery and bulb so that its voltage can be adjusted.
● Show your computation for Power.
2. Close the switch and take the meters readings. Record your readings in the tables below.
Voltage Resistance Current Current Power
in battery in the bulb (meter reading) (computed) (computed)
9V 10 ohms 0.90 A 0.9 A 8.1 W
12V 10 ohms 1.20 A 1.2 A 14.4 W
15V 10 ohms 1.50 A 1.5 A 22.5 W
18V 10 ohms 1.80 A 1.8 A 32.4 W
24V 10 ohms 2.40 A 2.4 A 57.6 W
Observation on the luminance of the bulb:
As the voltage increases from 9V to 24V while keeping the resistance constant at 10 ohms, the
current flowing through the bulb also increases. The bulb's luminance, which corresponds to the
power consumption, increases as the voltage and current increase. This suggests that the bulb gets
brighter with higher voltage and current.
Voltage Resistance Current Current Power
in battery in the bulb (meter reading) (computed) (computed)
9V 10 ohms 0.90 0.9 A 8.1 W
9V 20 ohms 0.45 0.45 A 4.05 W
9V 30 ohms 0.30 0.3 A 2.7 W
9V 40 ohms 0.22 0.225 A 2.025 W
9V 50 ohms 0.18 0.18 A 1.62 W
Observation on the luminance of the bulb:
As the resistance of the bulb increases (from 10 ohms to 50 ohms) while keeping the voltage constant
at 9V. The current flowing through the bulb decreases significantly. The brightness or luminance of the
bulb appears to decrease with higher resistance due to the reduced current flow and power
consumption.
Voltage Resistance Current Current Power
in battery in the bulb (meter reading) (computed) (computed)
9V 10 ohms 0.90 0.9 A 8.1 W
12V 20 ohms 0.60 0.6 A 7.2 W
15V 30 ohms 0.50 0.5 A 7.5 W
18V 40 ohms 0.45 0.45 A 8.1 W
24V 50 ohms 0.48 0.48 A 11.52 W
Observation on the luminance of the bulb:
Higher voltage or lower resistance results in higher current flow and increased power dissipation,
leading to a brighter bulb. The trend shows that the bulb's luminance is directly proportional to the
power consumed, which is influenced by the voltage and current in the circuit.
Questions:
1. What do you observe with the value of the current with respect to voltage?
As voltage increases, the current also tends to increase, given the resistance remains
constant.
2. What do you observe with the value of the current with respect to resistance?
As resistance increases, the current tends to decrease, given the voltage remains constant.
3. Compare the results of the current (reading and computed) in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.
For Tables 1 and 2, where either voltage or resistance is kept constant, computed currents will
vary based on the Ohm's Law calculations.In Table 3, both voltage and resistance are varied,
so the computed currents will exhibit more complex variations.
Conclusion:
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance is described by Ohm's Law. Power
consumption varies with changes in voltage, current, and resistance according to the formulas
provided. The observations demonstrate the direct and inverse relationships between these electrical
properties.
