First Semester SY 2024-2025

Readings in
Philippine History
Louisian Prayer
Let’s
Check
Kasaysayan is a narrative about past events
that has meaning to a certain group of people
in a given time and place.

Fact or Bluff?
The accessible written records about Philippine
history substantiates the past of the whole
country.

Fact or Bluff?
History is a scientific discipline that requires
empirical knowledge.

Fact or Bluff?
The traditional perspective considers artifacts
and documents as raw materials out of which
history may be written.

Fact or Bluff?
History is a reconstruction of the past.

Fact or Bluff?
History is a reconstruction of the past.

Fact or Bluff?
Artifacts are the results of the events and
written documents are the records of the
events.

Fact or Bluff?
History always undergoes reexamination and
reconsideration; thus, it is continually changing.

Fact or Bluff?
History consists of a dialog among writers,
scholars, and the general public about the past.

Fact or Bluff?
Historians made sense of prehistoric times by
interpreting implements, fossil bones, and cave
paintings..

Fact or Bluff?
 Readings in
Philippine History
Meaning and Relevance of History
 What is
History?
Historia
• Greek: knowledge acquired through inquiry and
investigation
• Latin: means the account of the past of a person
or of a group of people through written documents
and historical evidence
No document, no history
Traditional Meaning Contemporary Meaning

History is a reconstruction of
History is the record of the the past based on available
human past from the time written records, oral history,
written records began to cultural artifacts, and folk
appear traditions
History is limited to the It involves collection, analysis,
literates and synthesis of available
limited materials.
A study of present in light of the
past
it provides the context and understanding necessary to grasp
the complexities of the current world. By examining past
events, decisions, and patterns, we understand why things are
the way they are today. This understanding helps us navigate
contemporary challenges, recognize the roots of current issues,
and make informed decisions based on lessons learned from
past successes and failures.
 History is the study of man
❑ emphasizes that history is fundamentally about
understanding human experiences, actions, and developments
over time.
❑ History records individuals' and societies' decisions,
struggles, achievements, and failures, providing a narrative of
human life and its evolution.
❑ It explores how humans have interacted with each other and
their environments, how cultures and civilizations have risen
and fallen, and how ideas and institutions have shaped the
course of human existence.
History is concerned with man in
time
❑ it highlights that history focuses on the human experience as
it unfolds across different periods.
❑ examines how human actions, thoughts, and societies evolve
over time, considering the temporal context in which events
occur.
❑ we can see how different eras influenced human behavior,
culture, and institutions, revealing patterns of continuity and
change.
 History is concerned with man in
space
❑ it emphasizes that history also considers the geographical and spatial
dimensions of human experiences.
❑ explores how humans interact with their physical environment—how
geography, climate, and the distribution of resources have influenced the
development of societies, cultures, and civilizations.
❑ examining human activities in different spaces—cities, regions, nations,
and continents—history reveals how place and location shape events
and human interactions.
❑ Thus, history is not only concerned with human actions over time but
also with how those actions are influenced by and influence the spaces
they inhabit.
 Objective Record of happenings
❑ underscores the idea that history is a systematic account
of events that have occurred over time.
❑ It involves documenting and interpreting significant
occurrences, such as wars, revolutions, discoveries, and
social changes.
❑ captures the sequence of events that have shaped human
civilization, providing a chronological record of what has
transpired.
 Multisided
❑highlights the complexity and diversity of
perspectives involved in understanding the past.
❑is not a single, unified narrative but a collection
of different viewpoints, interpretations, and
experiences.
❑It encourages critical thinking and the
exploration of history from multiple lenses—
social, political, economic, cultural, and personal.
History is a dialogue between the events of
the past and progressively emerging future
ends
❑ suggests that history is an ongoing conversation between
what has already happened and what is yet to come.
❑ It implies that studying history is not just about
understanding past events in isolation, but about engaging
with them to shape the future.
❑ history is a dynamic process, where the past continually
informs the future, and the future redefines our
understanding of the past.
Not only narration but also analysis
❑ highlights that history involves more than just telling the
story of past events. While narration focuses on recounting
what happened, analysis delves into understanding why and
how events occurred, their causes, and their impacts.
❑ Historians do not merely record facts; they interpret and
evaluate evidence, seek to understand underlying patterns,
and explore the connections between different events and
eras.
 Continuity and coherence are the
necessary requisites of history
❑ emphasizes that for history to be meaningful and
comprehensible, it must demonstrate a continuous and
coherent narrative.
❑ Continuity refers to the unbroken flow of events over
time, showing how the past connects to the present and
influences the future. It allows us to trace developments,
patterns, and changes across different periods, making
sense of how and why things have evolved.
❑ Coherence, on the other hand, refers to the logical and
consistent arrangement of historical facts and
interpretations.
continuity and coherence ensure that history is not just
a random collection of events but a structured and
insightful account of human experience. They enable
historians to create both understandable and meaningful
narratives, allowing us to learn from the past and apply
those lessons to the present and future.
 Relevant
❑ History provides context for current events, helping us
understand how past developments have led to today's
situations.
❑ It offers insights into patterns of human behavior, societal
changes, and the consequences of decisions, which are
valuable for addressing contemporary issues and making
informed choices.
 Comprehensiveness
❑ history encompasses a wide range of human experiences,
covering various aspects of life, including political, social,
economic, cultural, and intellectual developments.
❑ is not limited to a single type of event or perspective; instead, it
integrates diverse elements to provide a holistic understanding
of the past.
History vs. Past
History vs. Prehistory
History vs.. Herstory
What is the relevance
of History to your
course?
RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
1. History helps us understand people and
societies.
2. History contributes to moral understanding.
3. History provides identity.
4. Studying history is essential for good
citizenship.
5. History is useful in the world of work.
 Why study History?
To ourselves- identity and critical
skills
To our community- vital places to live
and work
To our future- engaged citizens,
leadership, legacy
History Differentiated
a.History vs Past
b.History vs Prehistory
c.History vs Herstory
Historical
Sources
 Primary Sources
• The documents or physical objects should be written or
created during the time under study.
• The person should be present during that experience or
time period
• It should offer an inside view of a particular event
• They are characterized by their content, regardless of whether
they are available in the original format, in
microfilm/microche, in digital, or in published format
 Examples of Primary Sources

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS RELICS or ARTIFACTS

CREATIVE WORKS
excerpts or translations, pottery
diaries, speeches, poetry furniture
manuscripts, letters, drama clothing
interviews, news, film novels
music
buildings
footage,
autobiographies, official art
records
 Secondary Sources
PUBLICATIONS
• They interpret and analyze primary
sources textbooks, magazine
articles, histories,
• They may also have pictures, quotes or criticisms,
graphics of primary sources in them commentaries,
encyclopedias
 Tertiary Sources
PUBLICATIONS
• These are publications that summarize dictionaries,
and digest the information in primary almanacs,
and secondary sources to provide factbooks,
background on a topic, idea or event directories,
guidebooks,
manuals
Knowledge
Check
The Murillo Velarde Map

Primary
Life Stories in MMK

Secondary
Photograph taken during
Vietnam War uploaded in
Facebook

Primary
 Wikipedia

Tertiary
Youtube video of 1956
High School Exchange
Students Debate

Primary
 A stenograph of a
court meeting

Primary
 Almanac

Tertiary
 Boy Abunda
Talkshow

Primary
 Literary Criticism

Secondary
 Fossil teeth of
Homo Luzonensis

Primary
 Types of
Criticism
 External Criticism
Anachronism
Authenticity Could be a person or
a thing or idea
• Checking the source’s form placed on the wrong
time
• To spot fabricated, forged,
faked documents and to e.g., pencils did not
distinguish a hoax or exist until 16th
misinterpretation century
 Internal Criticism
Identification of the
Author
Credibility His reliability, mental
processes and attitudes
• Looking into the source’s content
Corroboration
• Examines the closeness of
the document/source as what Particulars which rest upon
really happened the independent testimony of
two or more reliable witnesses
of a similar event
 ACTIVITY 1

ESSAY:
Why is it more reliable and credible to use primary sources? Explain in not more
than 5 sentences:
Rubric:
Correctness of Entry/ies---------------------------------8 points
Clarity of Ideas/Points------------------------------------4 points
Construction (e.g. grammar etc).---------------------- 3 points
Learning Task. 01:
Instructions: Knowing my Town!
A. Research on the history of your town.
B. Ask people (parents, grandparents, elders, community resources
like the Municipal Mayor and others through call or chat), read some
historical accounts or find other primary and secondary sources that
you know can help in gathering information regarding the history of
your town.
C. After gathering some information, make an advertisement in a form
of spoken poetry with 4-5 stanzas and 4 lines each stanza.
D. Include the relevance of knowing the history of your town to you
as a resident of it.

Criteria:
Relevance-20pts
Originality-15pts
Coherence of form and structure (harmony of words)-10pts
Clarity of imagery and language-5pts
Thank you!
QUESTIONS???