Week 2

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CAD software format

CAD Software Formats


There are several choices of software for the fashion
industry that is readily available to anyone.

The key fundamental choice computer edge lies in


differentiating between vector and raster based
software- two unique software formats each of which
provides for unique advantages and disadvantages.

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Vector Graphics
• Vector drawings, also known as object-oriented
drawings, are images defined by curves and lines or
mathematical formulas.
• Are comprised of paths connected by anchor points.
• Can be 2D or 3D.
• Edited in draw programs.
Uses of Vector Graphics
• Graphics that will be scaled (or resized)
• Architectural drawings, CAD programs, flow charts.
• Logos that will be scaled (resized) with out loss of quality.

• Illustrations and clip art.


• Graphics on websites.
• Small file size allows for quick load times.

• Fonts and specialized text effects


Advantages of Vectors

• Edit ability - since each vector is made up of


separate and distinct objects, each can be edited
independently at any time.
• Small File Sizes - easily transferred over the
Internet.
• vector program stores each image as a series of
instructions on just how to draw the image.
• Vector images usually consist of line drawings or
other primitives such as triangles, rectangles,
ellipses, arc, and curves.
• generally simpler and can be highly compressed
(made smaller).

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• The most important feature of vector-based
images is the resolution or clarity of the drawing.
• Vector images are resolution independent and
always render at the highest resolution an output
devise can produce.
• That means the higher the resolution of the
monitor or printer the sharper the object-oriented
image will appear.

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• Vector images are best used when working with
small type and bold smooth graphics requiring
curves and lines.
• They are considered the most flexible and use
relatively little memory for storage.

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• Vector drawings are easy to select, color, move,
re-size (without degradation of image), re-order,
over-lap with other images, access individual
objects, and re-format (i.e. change color or fill).
• Vector graphics are also much smaller files than
a raster/bitmap files.
• Vector files can be re-sized without degrading
the file in anyway.

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Disadvantages of Vectors
• Lower color quality than raster images.
• They do not support as many colors.
• Not good for photographic images.

• Limited in the type of effects that can be applied.


• Can be time consuming to create.
• Vector based images are not as realistic as raster-
based images which can hold a lot more data
Examples

Original Image

Resized
Image Shapes that
make up the
image.
Attitude Makes Us Perfect
Common Vector File Formats

• AI – Adobe Illustrator
• Native file format for Adobe Illustrator.
• Industry standard used by developers of vector
graphics.
• Used to create, save, and archive original
artwork.
• EPS – Encapsulated Postscript
• Developed by Adobe but supported by most programs.
• Graphics developers generally save a copy of the AI file in
EPS format because it can be opened by computers running
different operating systems.
• Most common interchange format for the print industry due to
its portability.
• Meta Graphic – can contain both raster and vector data.
• Shapes in vector graphics can be filled with textures and
patterns that are raster graphics.
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• SVG – Scalable Vector Graphics
• Standard format created by W3C.
• Versatile, all-purpose vector format.
• Works well with web page design.
• WMF – Windows Metafile
• Microsoft created format for raster and vector.
• Common format for windows clipart.
Features of Vector-based software applications
What is a vector-drawing Drawing or Illustration Programs
program?
What does a vector-Creates vector images based on mathematically defined
drawing program do? curves lines.
Disadvantages? Not well suited for editing or creating realistic images.
Advantages? No Jaggy or stair-step appearance, just smooth looking
graphics
Fonts are better recognized
Can be saved as a bitmap file format
Higher quality output
Can manipulate objects freely and still access them
individually.
Usage parameters
Flat renderings of garments, some motifs or logos
Vendors
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Corel Corp (CorelDraw), Adobe Corp. (Illustrator), and
Macromedia (Freehand) Micro graphix (Designer)
Raster-Based Programs
• These programs work with pixels or bitmapped images
• Bitmap is a collection of picture elements or dots, also known
as pixels.
• A pixel is the smallest display element that makes up the
images you see on a computer monitor or television.
• Pixels contains information that is directly mapped to the
display grid of x (horizontal) and y (vertical) coordinates.
• Raster images create realistic or real world images such as
photographs.
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• Bitmapped images are resolution-dependent
• Changing the resolution de-grade the image.
• Scaling up can be a real disaster, scaling the image smaller
sometimes yields better results
• In bitmap -based images, the more pixels an image contains, the
higher its resolution.
• difficult to freely access objects individually.
• best used with continuous tone images like photographs and can
be modified with great detail because you can manipulate each
pixel.
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Features of Raster-based software applications
What is a raster-based program? Image Editing Program (Also known as paint programs)

What does a raster-based Raster or Bit Map or REALISTIC Images based on


program do? pixels.

Disadvantages Can’t create crisp, bold, smooth graphics

Usage parameters Primarily used working with photographs and other


realistic image, i.e.: clip art.

Vendors EX: Corel Corp (Corel PHOTO PAINT and Painter),


AdobeCorp.(Photoshop)

How to save raster files Native Formats such as .psd for Adobe Photoshop, or
universal formats such as TIFF, BMP, PCX, BMP,
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Raster VS Vector Images

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Resolution
• Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image, and
is a measurement of the output quality of an image, usually
in terms of samples, pixels, dots, or lines per inch.

• Images are displayed on your computer screen at display


(or screen) resolution (72 or 96 ppi). However, a printer
needs much more image data than a monitor.
• In order print a clean image, the typical desktop printer needs
150-300 dpi. If you've ever wondered why your 300 dpi scanned
image appears so much larger on your monitor, this is why.
• Resolution terminology varies according to the intended output
device.
• PPI (pixels per inch) refers to screen resolution (monitors),
• DPI (dots per inch) refers to print resolution,
• SPI (samples per inch) refers to scanning resolution, and
• LPI (lines per inch) refers to halftone (often newspapers) resolution.

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• Sometimes images are referred to as high resolution (hi-res)
or low resolution (lo-res). High resolution would be an
image intended for print, generally having at least 300 pixels
per inch. Low resolution refers to images only intended for
screen display, generally having 72-96 pixels per inch. An
image for use on the internet should only be 72 dpi (the
minimum display resolution) to minimize download time.
• Scanner and digital camera manufacturers often refer to
two different types of resolution when listing product
specs: optical resolution and interpolated (or digital)
resolution. The optical resolution is the true measurement
of resolution that the output device can capture.
Interpolated, or digital, resolution is acquired artificially.

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Raster vs Vector
Raster vs Vector Images
Raster vs Vector Images
Raster vs Vector Images

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 Vector Graphics typically are generated using
drawing or illustration programs (e.g., Adobe
Illustrator).

Since vectors entail both magnitude and direction,


vector elements thus are comprised of line
segments whose length represents magnitude and
whose orientation in space represents direction

This makes vector graphics ideal for logo design.


Creating a vector logo is more difficult but the
effort pays for itself when the vector logo file is
sent to printers or sign makers etc.
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• Raster Graphic Images are produced by digital
image capture devices: digital scanners or digital
cameras, or by pixel editing programs (e.g., Adobe
Photoshop).
• Raster Images
When an image is scanned, the image is converted
to a collection of pixels called a raster image.
Scanned graphics and web graphics (JPEG and
GIF files) are the most common forms of raster
images.
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Vector Vs Raster In Fashion Industry
Vector format is ideal for logo designs, new
product design and technical specification
drawings(flats).

Raster format is ideal for realistic images

For artwork with the aim of transferring it to


the laser cutter or embroidery machine use of
vectors is ideal.

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