Learning Journal Unit 7

Environmental Problem: Water Toxicity in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, like many developing nations, faces several environmental

challenges, one of the most pressing being water contamination. Water
toxicity in the country is primarily caused by heavy metal pollution,
agricultural runoff, and poor sanitation infrastructure. This issue severely
impacts public health, as access to safe drinking water is limited in both
urban and rural areas. The contamination of water sources poses significant
risks to human health, contributing to the spread of waterborne diseases and
long-term exposure to toxic substances like lead and mercury.
Causes of Water Toxicity in Sierra Leone
The contamination of water in Sierra Leone has several root causes. One
significant contributor is industrial and mining activities, particularly in
regions like Kono and Tonkolili, where diamond and iron ore mining are
prevalent. These operations often lead to the discharge of untreated
wastewater containing heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into rivers
and groundwater supplies. Additionally, the widespread use of pesticides and
fertilizers in agriculture contributes to water contamination through runoff,
particularly in rural farming communities.
A study by Sherif et al. (2018) highlights that water sources in mining

communities often contain elevated levels of heavy metals due to improper
waste management practices. Furthermore, the absence of adequate
sanitation systems, particularly in urban slums like Freetown, exacerbates
the problem. Human waste, often untreated, is discharged directly into rivers
and streams, further polluting the water supply.
Impact on the Community
Water toxicity affects my community in Sierra Leone in several ways. The

most direct impact is on public health. Communities that rely on
contaminated rivers and wells for drinking water are at high risk of
contracting diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and dysentery. Moreover,
long-term exposure to heavy metals can cause chronic health conditions,
including kidney damage and neurological disorders. The lack of access to
clean water has also contributed to a cycle of poverty, as families spend a
significant portion of their income on medical treatment for water-related
illnesses.
In my hometown, for example, residents often suffer from skin irritations and
gastrointestinal issues, which are linked to the poor quality of the water.
Children, in particular, are vulnerable to these health issues, as their
developing bodies are more susceptible to the harmful effects of
contaminated water. This situation has led to a growing demand for bottled
water, but this is an unsustainable solution for most, especially in rural areas
where access to clean bottled water is limited and expensive.
Solutions to Water Toxicity
One potential solution to Sierra Leone's water contamination problem is the

implementation of community-based water treatment systems. These
systems, often powered by solar energy, can filter out harmful chemicals and
pathogens, making the water safe for consumption. Additionally, stricter
regulations on industrial waste disposal and mining practices are necessary
to reduce the release of harmful substances into the environment. The
government, in collaboration with international organizations, could also
invest in infrastructure improvements to provide adequate sanitation
facilities, reducing the contamination of natural water sources.
Another solution involves reforestation and the restoration of wetlands,

which act as natural filters for water. Wetlands, in particular, help to remove
pollutants from the water and improve its quality before it reaches rivers and
lakes. Education and awareness campaigns are also crucial in ensuring that
communities understand the importance of water hygiene and how to
maintain water sources free from contamination.
Conclusion
Water toxicity in Sierra Leone remains a significant environmental issue,
driven by mining activities, agricultural practices, and poor sanitation.
Addressing this problem requires a multi-faceted approach that involves
government regulation, infrastructure development, and community
engagement. Through the adoption of water treatment technologies, the
enforcement of environmental regulations, and the restoration of natural
ecosystems, it is possible to mitigate the effects of water contamination and
improve public health in Sierra Leone.
References
Sherif, M. A., Aina, O. O., & Williams, M. B. (2018). The environmental impact
of mining on water resources in Sierra Leone. Environmental Science Journal,
15(2), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/envsci.2018.05.015
United Nations. (n.d.). Climate change: Water-related challenges in
developing nations. https://www.un.org/climatechange

Learning Journal Unit 7

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Learning Journal Unit 7

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Environmental Problem: Water Toxicity in Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, like many developing nations, faces several environmental

Causes of Water Toxicity in Sierra Leone

A study by Sherif et al. (2018) highlights that water sources in mining

Impact on the Community

Water toxicity affects my community in Sierra Leone in several ways. The

Solutions to Water Toxicity

One potential solution to Sierra Leone's water contamination problem is the

Another solution involves reforestation and the restoration of wetlands,

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