Statistical Symbols
Alphabetical Statistical Symbols
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula
Glossary
Y- intercept of
Regression:
a least square , for line y on x
regression line
Slope of least
Regression:
b squares
y on x
regression line for line
Discrete
probability
distribution for the If X follows then,
Binomial probability of
distribution number of , Binomial
with parameters n successes in n Where, , Distribution
and p independent r = 0,1,2, …….,n,
random trials
under the identical
conditions.
Confidence
c Confidence level
interval
Combinations
(number of
n
Cr n-c-r combinations of n
, where
objects taken r at
a time)
Combinations
(number of
n-c-r combinations of n
, where
objects taken r at
a time)
Covariance Covariance
between X and Y between X & Y
Coefficient of
CV
variation
Degree(s) of
df
freedom
Maximal error
E
tolerance for large samples
Expected value of
E (f(x))
f(x)
f Frequency number of times score.
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula
Glossary
F-
distribution,
F-distribution Hypothesis
F
variable where n1 and n2 are the testing for
corresponding degrees of freedom. equality of 2
variances.
Distribution
or .
function
f(x)
Probability mass Depends on the distribution.
or
function
The null hypothesis is the hypothesis Testing of
H0 H-naught Null hypothesis
about the population parameter. hypothesis
An alternate hypothesis is constructed
Alternate in such a way that it is the one to be Testing of
H1 H-one
hypothesis accepted when the null hypothesis must hypothesis
be rejected.
Measures of
IQR Interquartile range central
tendency.
Analysis of
MS M-S Mean square variance
(ANOVA)
n Sample size. number of units in a sample.
N Population size Number of units in the population.
Permutation
(number of ways
to arrange in order
n-p-r
n distinct objects where
taking them r at a
time)
Permutation
(number of ways
to arrange in order
n-p-r
n distinct objects , where
taking them r at a
time)
Binomial
p-hat Sample proportion
distribution
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula
Glossary
Probability of A Conditional
given B probability
Probability of x Probability of x
P value is the smallest level of
The attained level significance for which the observed
p-value
of significance. sample statistic tells us to reject the null
hypothesis.
Probability of not
Q happening of the
event
Measures of
Q1 Q-one First quartile Median of the lower half of the central
data that is data below median. tendency
Measures of
Second quartile
Q2 Q-two Central value of an ordered data. central
Or Median
tendency
Measures of
Q3 Q-three Third quartile Median of the upper half of the central
data that is data above the median. tendency
Sample
R Correlation
coefficient
Coefficient of
r2 r-square
determination
Multiple
R2 r-square correlation
coefficient
Sample standard for ungrouped data. Measures of
S
deviation dispersion
for grouped data.
for ungrouped data. Measures of
S2 S-square Sample variance
dispersion
for grouped data.
s-e- square Error variance
SD Sample Standard
deviation
for ungrouped data.
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula
Glossary
for grouped data.
Bowley’s
Measures of
coefficient of
skew ness
skewness
Pearson’s
Measures of
coefficient of
skew ness
skewness
for ungrouped data
Sum of squares
for grouped data
Student’s t
t t-distribution
variable
Number such that the area under
The critical value
the t distribution for a given number of Testing of
tc t critical for a confidence
degrees of freedom falling hypothesis
level c.
between and is equal to c.
Var(X) Variance of X Variance of X
Independent
variable or Eg. In the study of, yield obtained & the
explanatory irrigation level, independent variable
X
variable in
regression is, Irrigation level.
analysis
Arithmetic mean Measures of
for ungrouped data.
x-bar or Average of X central
scores. for grouped data tendency
Dependent
variable or Eg. In the study of, yield obtained & the
y response variable irrigation level, dependent variable
in regression is, Yield obtained.
analysis
Standard normal
variable (Normal Standard
Z Z-score variable with normal
, where X follows Normal .
mean = 0 & SD = distribution
1)
Testing of
The critical value Number such that the area under
hypothesis
z critical for a confidence the standard normal curve falling
Confidence
level c.
between and is equal to c. interval
Greek Statistical Symbols
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula Glossary (if
appropriate)
[ Rejecting the null Hypothesis
Type I error or Level
Alpha
of Significance hypothesis | Null hypothesis is true ] Testing
.
Type II error or [ Accepting the null Hypothesis
Beta hypothesis | Null hypothesis is
Power of the test Testing
False].
“Error Term” in
regression/statistics;
more generally used
Epsilon Regression
to denote an
arbitrarily small
positive number
Chi-square Sum of n independent Chi-square
Chi-square
distribution Standard normal variables distribution
where O is the
observed frequency and E is the
Chi-square Goodness of
Chi-square expected frequency.
distribution fit test
Or
(n) Gamma-n Gamma function
Parameter used for Poisson
Lambda Mean of Poisson distribution
Poisson distribution distribution
Arithmetic mean or
Mu Average of the
population
Measures of
th
Mu-r r central moment central
tendency.
Measures of
Mu-r-dash rth Raw moment central
tendency.
Population
Rho correlation
coefficient
Sigma Summation Sum of x scores
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula Glossary (if
appropriate)
Population standard Measures of
Sigma
Deviation dispersion
Measures of
Sigma square Population variance
dispersion
Mathematical Statistical Symbols
Link to
Symbol Text Equivalent Meaning Formula Glossary (if
appropriate)
Product of all
integers up to ;
! Factorial
the given
number
c
Complement not For example: is not
Union or For example: is happening of
either event A or event B.
Intersection And For example: is happening of
both event A and event B.
