QoS Capabilities

Configuration Guide

February 2022
Revision 1.2

Document Number: DC-5510038(C)

Notice
This document contains information proprietary to Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. and its affiliates and may not be
reproduced in whole or in part without the express written consent of Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. The disclosure by Gilat
Satellite Networks Ltd. of information contained herein does not constitute any license or authorization to use or disclose
the information, ideas or concepts presented. The contents of this document are subject to change without prior notice.
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3
Intended Audience ......................................................................................................... 3
What's New in This Document Version? ......................................................................... 3
Qos Levels Overview...................................................................................................... 3
Level 1 and Cloud QoS .............................................................................................................. 3
Level 2........................................................................................................................................ 3
Level 3........................................................................................................................................ 4
Supported Features ........................................................................................................ 4
Diffserv Queues Algorithm .............................................................................................. 5
Which Mode to Use? ...................................................................................................... 6
Allot QoS Equipment Uses ............................................................................................. 6

Chapter 2: Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode .............................................................. 7

FWD Link ....................................................................................................................... 7
System Distribution Flow ........................................................................................................... 7
Managed Group Resources Distribution Between VSATs ........................................................ 7
FWD Link Configuration Settings ............................................................................................. 11
RTN Link ...................................................................................................................... 15
System Distribution Flow ......................................................................................................... 15
Resources Distribution between Managed Groups ................................................................. 16
Managed Group Resources Distribution between VSATs....................................................... 16
RTN Link Configuration Settings ............................................................................................. 17

Chapter 3: Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode .............................................................................. 23

Overview ...................................................................................................................... 23
SLA Implementation ..................................................................................................... 24
Fair Use System ........................................................................................................... 25
Basic Principals ........................................................................................................................ 25
Gradual MIR ............................................................................................................................. 27
Behavior Under Congestion – NLF (Network Load Factor) ..................................................... 28
SLA – Dynamic Rate Range .................................................................................................... 29
Behavior Under Congestion - VIP ............................................................................................ 30
NLF Enforcement on the FWD Link .............................................................................. 31
NLF States ................................................................................................................... 32
NLF Calculation Example 1 ..................................................................................................... 33
NLF Calculation Example 2 ..................................................................................................... 33
NLF Calculation Example 3 ..................................................................................................... 34
NLF Calculation Example 4 ..................................................................................................... 34
Ceiling Per Step ........................................................................................................... 35
Last Step Connectivity .................................................................................................. 35
Limited Mode – Allowed Domains ........................................................................................... 36

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 Free Zone .................................................................................................................................37
Adding TopUp ..........................................................................................................................38
Remove TopUp ........................................................................................................................39
Monthly Quota Reset ...............................................................................................................40
Resetting Quota .......................................................................................................................41
Accounting ...............................................................................................................................42

Chapter 4: RTN Link Tools - Managed Group Level & VSAT Level Modes ............................. 43
Overview ...................................................................................................................... 43
Flywheel ....................................................................................................................... 43
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) ............................................................................................... 43
Free Capacity Distribution (FCD) .................................................................................. 43
VoIP ............................................................................................................................. 44
VoIP Modes ..............................................................................................................................44
VoIP Signaling in VSAT ...........................................................................................................46

Chapter 5: Acronyms .................................................................................................................. 47

Chapter 1: Introduction

In This Chapter
Intended Audience ........................................................................................................................... 3
What's New in This Document Version? .......................................................................................... 3
QoS Levels Overview ...................................................................................................................... 3
Supported Features ......................................................................................................................... 4
Diffserv Queues Algorithm ............................................................................................................... 5
Which Mode to Use? ........................................................................................................................ 6
Allot QoS Equipment Uses .............................................................................................................. 6

Intended Audience
This document is intended for a technical audience with a background in network
routing.

What's New in This Document Version?

In this document version, the following changes were made:
◼ The order of the VSAT priorities list was corrected in the Managed Group
Resources Distribution between VSATs (on page 16) section.

QoS Levels Overview

The SkyEdge-IIc QoS includes 3 levels:
◼ Level 1 - Mode of distributing resources between Managed Groups (MGs)
◼ Level 2 - Mode of distributing resources between VSATs from the same Managed
Group
◼ Level 3 - Mode of distributing resources between different traffic types inside the
VSAT

Level 1 and Cloud QoS

The Cloud QoS solution refers to Level 1 only:
◼ It has influence on the distribution between the Managed Groups.
◼ Levels 2 and 3 are orthogonal to the Cloud QoS solution, and all of their
capabilities are still supported while working with Cloud QoS.

Level 2
Level 2 can be set to 2 different modes:

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Supported Features Introduction

◼ Managed Group level mode – This mode is based on the SkyEdge II enterprise
QoS solution.
◼ VSAT level mode – This mode is designed for consumers and it includes the Fair
Use System.
Table 1: QoS Modes
VSAT Level Mode MG Level Mode

Level 1 FWD FWD

(Managed • MIR per Managed Group • MIR per Managed Group
Groups) • CIR per Managed Group • CIR per Managed Group
** No RTN Managed Groups – Flat RTN
between ISPs • MIR per Managed Group
** MIR functions as Managed • CIR per Managed Group
Group weight ** MIR functions as Managed
Group weight
Level 2 FWD & RTN – Fair Use System FWD
(VSATs) • Full Fair Use system instead of • MIR per VSAT
the MIR and CIR • CIR per VSAT
• The VSAT MIR and "weight" • 3 x Flow priorities
decrease during the month with RTN
opposite ratio to the bytes
• MIR per VSAT
consumption.
• CIR per VSAT
• 3 x Flow Priorities
• 4 x VSAT priorities

Level 3
Level 3 (inside VSAT) can be set on FWD and RTN links as follows:
13 Queues – CS0 - CS7, AF1 - AF4, where:
◼ CS0 - CS7 (Weight / Priority queues)
◼ AF1 - AF4 (Weight queues)
◼ EF

Supported Features
The following features are supported for the Managed Group-level and VSAT-level
modes:
◼ RTN CBR, Flywheel, and FCD
◼ Accounting
◼ Traffic blocking (according to classifier configuration)
◼ FWD Managed Group MIR&CIR

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 Diffserv Queues Algorithm

◼ Multicast
◼ Intra-VSAT 13 queues
The mode setting is per Network Segment (separate configuration for the FWD and
RTN links). All Network Segments linked to the same Managed Group must be set to
the same mode.

For more details on the supported features, see the Section RTN Link Tools -
Managed Group Level & VSAT Level Modes (on page 43).

Diffserv Queues Algorithm

The Diffserv Queuing algorithm has two operation modes:
◼ By Priority
− The queue with the higher priority (from CS7 (highest) to CS1 (lowest)) is
served first. If there is traffic on other queues, the priority queues are bitrate-
limited. When set to Priority, the Maximal Bit Rate parameter is available. It
specifies the maximum RTN bit rate in Kbps this queue can receive.
◼ By Rate (Weight)
− CS queues, which Queuing Algorithm parameter is set to Rate, are handled
like AF queues.
− Rate queue priority is determined by the Weight setting. The CS value is
irrelevant.
− If set to Rate, the queue with the higher weight gets a higher bandwidth.
− The Maximal Bitrate parameter's value is irrelevant.
The Priority queues are handled before any Rate queues.
Table 2: Example of RTN Classifier X for FWD/RTN

◼ VSAT gets 1Mbps allocation for the next

second
◼ VSAT serves 3 streams
− CS7 (Priority Q, MIR=820Kbps)
− CS1 (Rate Q, weight=100)
− AF1 (Rate Q, 50)
◼ Result
− CS7 gets 820Kbps
− CS1 gets 120Kbps
− AF1 gets 60Kbps

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Which Mode to Use? Introduction

Which Mode to Use?

The recommended use of system modes is as follows:
◼ For each network, where there is a need for a FUS solution, use the VSAT level
mode.
◼ In case there is no need for FUS, use the Managed Group level mode to
achieve more QoS capabilities.

Allot QoS Equipment Uses

Allot QoS equipment is no longer part of SkyEdge-IIc system.
The system includes an internal classifier and enforcer implemented in the DPS that
functions as a replacement to Allot QoS equipment. The embedded solution does not
support deep inspection.
Allot QoS equipment can be added to the Network Segment for one of following
purposes:
◼ Monitoring only
◼ Classifier only - tagging with ToS for DPS enforcement
◼ Deep inspection and limit by MIR for specific traffic:
− MIR must be lower than the OB rate considering the most robust MODCOD
− MIR must be lower than any Managed Group MIR

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Chapter 2: Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS
Mode

In This Section
FWD Link ......................................................................................................................................... 7
RTN Link ........................................................................................................................................ 15

FWD Link
This section explains how to configure Managed Group QoS mode on the FWD link.

System Distribution Flow

The DPS distribution of the traffic flow on the FWD link is as follows:
1. Level 0 – Allocating resources to the Multicast, CBH, VoIP, and Fingerprinting
traffic
2. Level 1 - Distributing resources among Managed Groups using the Managed
Group MIR&CIR:
− CIR <Managed Group throughput <MIR
− In case of a saturated NS-FWD link, the Managed Group MIR functions as a
weight
3. Level 2 - Distributing resources among VSATs (within Managed Groups) using
the VSAT MIR&CIR:
− CIR <VSAT throughput <MIR
− In case of a saturated Managed Group, VSAT MIR does not function as weight
(unlike on the MG level)
− DPS distributes resources accordingly using 3 flow priorities inside the
Managed Group (VSAT classifier can be used to tag each traffic type with the
flow priority for the FWD link)
4. Level 3 - Distributing VSAT allocation (by DPS) between the 13 queues inside
the VSAT, once each VSAT receives the allocation from Level 2.
− The classifier enables to tag each traffic type with the queue type CS1 - CS7,
AF1 - AF4, EF

Managed Group Resources Distribution Between VSATs

The DPS distributes Managed Group resources among VSATs according to traffic
types:
Level 0:
◼ CBH, VoIP, and Multicast
◼ Level 1 and 2 VSATs CIR
◼ Level 2 – DPS uses 3 Flow Priorities inside the MG
− Flow priority 1

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FWD Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

− Flow priority 2
− Flow priority 3

Figure 1: Managed Group Resources Distribution among VSATs

The DPS distributes the Managed group resources following the 4 main rules:
◼ VSAT is never to exceed the Ceiling (MIR) limit (and never to receive less than
CIR).
◼ In case there are no other traffic flows, each flow can saturate the Managed
Group.
◼ In case of Managed Group saturation, the flows are distributed according to the
configured weights. The number of CPEs in each flow has no influence on the
distribution that always stays according to the flows’ weight.
◼ CIR overbooking on a specific flow may expand the flow allocation causing
corruption of the flows’ distribution (not according to configured weights
anymore).

Figure 2: Managed Group Resources Distribution Among VSATs (Cont’d)

Example 1
The example 1 shows five VSATs. Each VSAT is configured with a Ceiling (MIR)
value of 10M and the Floor (CIR) value of 0. One VSAT is configured with a High-flow
priority. Another VSAT is configured with a Medium-flow priority and three additional
VSATs are configured with a Low-flow priority.
All these VSAT are in one Managed Group and its MIR is 10Mbps. The MIR is divided
between High (weight=50), Medium (weight=30), and Low (weight=20) queues.
The MIR is split according to weights.

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 FWD Link

Figure 3: Example 1 – Managed Group Resource Distribution

In the example above, the three VSATs that are configured with a Floor (CIR) value
of 0 and a Low-flow priority are expected to share the Low queue (weight=20).
Since the Floor value of all the three VSATs is 0, the allocation of 2Mbps is split
equally between the three VSATs (0.66Mbps).

Example 2
The example 2 shows five VSATs. Each VSAT is configured with a Ceiling (MIR)
value of 10M. Four VSATs are configured with a Floor (CIR) value of 0. The fifth
VSAT is configured with a Floor value of 2 Mbps.
One VSAT is configured with a High-flow priority. Another VSAT is configured with a
Medium-flow priority and three additional VSATs are configured with a Low-flow
priority.
All these VSAT are in one Managed Group and its MIR is 10Mbps. The MIR is divided
between High (weight=50), Medium (weight=30), and Low (weight=20) queues.

Figure 4: Example 2 – Managed Group Resource Distribution

In this example, the three VSATs that are configured with a Floor (CIR) value of 0
and a Low-flow priority are expected to share the Low queue (weight=20). However,
since the Floor value of one of the VSATs is 2Mbps, it receives the entire allocation of
the Low queue, the other 2 VSATs do not receive anything.

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FWD Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

Example 3
The example 3 shows four VSATs. Each VSAT is configured with a Ceiling (MIR)
value of 10M and a Floor (CIR) value of 0.
One VSAT is configured with a Medium-flow priority. Three additional VSATs are
configured with a Low-flow priority.
All these VSAT are in one Managed Group and its MIR is 10Mbps. The MIR is divided
between High (weight=50), Medium (weight=30), and Low (weight=20) queues.

Figure 5: Example 3 – Managed Group Resource Distribution

In this example, since none of the VSATs are configured with a High-flow priority,
the MPN MIR is divided between the Medium-flow and Low-flow priorities. The VSAT
with the Medium-flow priority receives 6Mbps and the three VSATs that are
configured with a Floor (CIR) value of 0 and a Low-flow priority share the Low queue
(weight=20) – 4Mbps. Since the Floor value of all the three VSATs is 0, the
allocation of 4Mbps is split equally among the three VSATs (1.33Mbps).

Example 4
The example 4 shows one VSAT. It is configured with a Ceiling (MIR) value of 10M
and a Floor (CIR) value of 0. Three flow priorities (High, Medium, and Low) are
configured inside the VSAT.
This VSAT is configured with one Managed Group and its MIR is 10Mbps. The MIR is
divided between High (weight=50), Medium (weight=30), and Low (weight=20)
queues.

Figure 6: Example 4 – Managed Group Resource Distribution

In this example, the MIR is divided according to weights among the three flows in
the VSAT.

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 FWD Link

FWD Link Configuration Settings

The following TotalNMS settings can be used to configure Managed Group QoS Mode
on FWD link:
◼ Managed Groups (Managed Group Level) (on page 11)
− Managed Group MIR & CIR
◼ VSAT MIR & CIR (on page 12)
− Configured via an SLA Profile
− Constant MIR&CIR without FUS
− The Ceiling functions as MIR
− Floor functions as CIR
− BRNom is irrelevant in this mode
− MIR does not function as weight
◼ Classifier for intra-VSAT Diffserv queues (on page 13)
− CS1 - CS7
− AF1 - AF4
− EF
− ** Setting the flow priority per queue
◼ Diffserv Queues and Flow Priority Configuration (on page 13)
− CS1- CS7
Priority queues mode (Configure the queue MIR)
Weighted (Rate) queue mode (Configure the queue weight)
− AF1 - AF4
Priority queues mode (Configure the queue weight)
◼ Flow priority configuration (on page 14)
− Configuring the weight for each one of the 3 flow priorities (1,2, and 3)

Configuring Managed Group FWD MIR and CIR

To configure the managed Group FWD MIR and CIR:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation Menu, select
Configuration Settings.
3. On the left side of the screen, select the Applicable Network Segments option.

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FWD Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

Figure 7: Configuring Managed Group RTN MIR & CIR

4. Configure the FWD MIR and FWD CIR parameters.

5. Click Apply.

Configuring VSAT FWD MIR & CIR

To edit the SLA Profile FWD values:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation Menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Click the relevant SLA Profile and select Details from the context menu.
4. In the SLA window, select FWD QoS option.

Figure 8: FWD Throughput Floor and Ceiling

5. Configure the Floor parameter that functions as CIR.

6. Configure the Ceiling parameter that functions as MIR.
7. Click Apply.

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 FWD Link

Configuring FWD Classifier

The Application & Classification profile allows configuring classifiers for intra-VSAT
Diffserv queues (possible filters).
To configure Classifier in the Application & Classification profile:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant Application & Classification profile and select Details from
the context menu.
4. In the Application & Classification profile window, select the Application
Classification IPv4 option.
5. Click Add in the FWD-Link IPV4 Application Classification Table.

Figure 9: Configuring FWD Classifier

6. Configure the following parameters of the Classifier for intra-VSAT Diffserv

queues:
− Instance
− Source IP Address Start
− Source IP Address Stop
− Destination IP Address Start
− Destination IP Address Stop
− Protocol (TCP/UDP/TCP & UDP/ICMP/SCTP)
− ToS Mode (Any/Specific)
− Source port range
− Source Port Stop
− Operation (CS0 - CS7/AF1 - AF4/Block (Drop)/Default/EF)
7. Click Apply.

Configuring Advanced Parameters

To configure Advanced parameters in the Application & Classification profile:

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FWD Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant Application & Classification profile and select Details from
the context menu.
4. In the Application & Classification profile window, select the Advanced option.

Figure 10: Configuring Advanced parameters

5. Configure the Advanced parameters, as required.

6. Click Apply.

Configuring FWD Diffserv Queues on Application & Classification Profile

To edit the FWD Diffserv queues configuration:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant Application & Classification profile and select Details from
the context menu.
4. In the Application & Classification profile window, go to the QoS Policies Table.

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 RTN Link

Figure 11: QoS Policies Table

5. Configure the following parameters:

− Queue MIR (priority mode) and queue rate for CS1 - CS7 traffic class
descriptors
− Queue MIR (priority mode) and queue rate (queue weight) for AF1 - AF4
traffic class descriptors
− Weight of traffic class descriptor
− Flow priority per queue type (High, Medium, and Low)
6. Configure the weight for each one of the 3 queues.
7. Click Apply.

RTN Link
This section explains how to configure Managed Group QoS mode on the RTN link.

System Distribution Flow

The system distribution of traffic flow on the RTN link is as follows:

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RTN Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

1. Level 1 - Distributing resources between Managed Groups using the Managed

Group MIR&CIR
− CIR <Managed Group throughput <MIR
2. Level 2 - Allocating CBR, CBH, and VoIP and then distributing resources between
VSATs inside the Managed Group using the VSAT MIR&CIR:
a. CIR <VSAT throughput <MIR
b. In case of saturated Managed Group, VSAT MIR does not function as weight.
c. HSP uses the 3 Flow priorities and 4 VSAT priorities inside the Managed Group
for distributing the leftovers (after allocating CBR, CBH, VoIP, and CIR)
between the VSATs.
d. In case of the leftovers, HSP allocates resources as follows:
− FlyWheel
− FCD
◼ Level 3 - VSAT distributes the allocation between the 13 internal Diffserv
Queues, once each VSAT receives the allocation from Level 2.

Resources Distribution between Managed Groups

Each Managed Group is configured with the MIR and CIR parameters
◼ The HSP limits the aggregated traffic of all VSATs linked to the same Managed
Group with the Managed Group MIR.
◼ The HSP guaranties minimum resources allocated (CIR) to the VSATs linked to
the same Managed Group.

Managed Group Resources Distribution between VSATs

The SLA is an intra-Managed Group functionality. Once the VSAT has data to
transmit, it requests the BW allocation. The VSAT limits its BW request to the
configured VSAT MIR.
For each bandwidth request, the VSAT marks the following:
◼ VSAT priority
◼ Flow priority (can be classified by the operator using filters)
◼ VSAT CIR value
HUB collects all requests from all VSATs and then builds the next allocation mapping.
The Managed Group Resources distribution order is:
1. CBH, VoIP
2. CIR
3. 12 priorities
◼ VSAT Priority 1 - Highest Priority
− VSAT Priority 1, Flow priority High
− VSAT Priority 1, Flow priority Medium
− VSAT Priority 1, Flow priority Low
◼ VSAT Priority 2 – High Priority

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 RTN Link

− VSAT Priority 2, Flow priority High

− VSAT Priority 2, Flow priority Medium
− VSAT Priority 2, Flow priority Low
◼ VSAT Priority 3 – Medium Priority
− VSAT Priority 3, Flow priority High
− VSAT Priority 3, Flow priority Medium
− VSAT Priority 3, Flow priority Low
◼ VSAT Priority 4 – Low Priority
− VSAT Priority 4, Flow priority High
− VSAT Priority 4, Flow priority Medium
− VSAT Priority 4, Flow priority Low
4. Flywheel
5. FCD

RTN Link Configuration Settings

The following TotalNMS settings can be used to configure Managed Group QoS Mode
on RTN link:
◼ Managed Groups (on page 18)
− RTN - Managed Group MIR & CIR
◼ VSAT MIR & CIR (on page 18)
− Constant MIR&CIR without FUS
− Ceiling functions as MIR
− Floor functions as CIR
− BRNom is irrelevant in this mode
− MIR does not function as weight
◼ Classifier for intra-VSAT Diffserv queues (on page 20)
− CS1 - CS7
− AF1 - AF4
− EF
− ** Setting the flow priority per queue.
◼ Diffserv queues configuration (on page 20)
− CS1 - CS7
Priority queues mode (Configure the queue MIR)
Weighted (Rate) queue mode (Configure the queue weight)
− AF1 - AF4
Priority queues mode (Configure the queue weight)
◼ Flow priority configuration (on page 20)

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RTN Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

− Configure the weight for each of the 3 flow priorities

◼ RTN - VSAT priority (on page 21)
− 4 optional VSAT priorities

Configuring Managed Group RTN MIR & CIR

To configure Managed Group RTN MIR and CIR:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Settings.
3. On the left side of the screen select the Applicable Network Segments option.

Figure 12: Configuring Managed Group RTN MIR & CIR

4. Configure the RTN MIR and RTN CIR parameters.

5. Click Apply.

Configuring VSAT RTN MIR & CIR

To edit the SLA RTN Profile values:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant SLA Profile and select Details from the context menu.
4. In the SLA window, select the RTN QoS option.

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 RTN Link

Figure 13: RTN QoS

5. Configure the Floor parameter that functions as CIR.

6. Configure the Ceiling parameter that functions as MIR.
7. Click Apply.

Configuring Intra-VSAT Diffserv on RTN Classifier Profile

The RTN Classifier profile allows configuring intra-VSAT Diffserv queues (possible
filters).
To configure the RTN Classifier profile parameters:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant RTN Classifier Profile and select Details from the context
menu.
4. In the RTN Classifier window, select the Application Classification IPv4
option.
5. Click Add to add an instance to the RTN-Link Application Classification
Table.
6. Configure the following parameters of the classifier for intra-VSAT Diffserv
queues:
− Source IP range
− Destination IP range
− Protocol (UDP/TCP ICMP/SCTP/Any)

When the ICMP acceleration is selected, the configured ICMP optimization rate
is excluded from the SLA MIR and can be added to the VSAT RTN throughput.

− TOS
− Source port range
− Destination port range

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RTN Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

− VLAN ID
− Operation field possible values (CS0 – CS7, AF1 – AF4, EF, Default, Block)
− VLAN ID
7. Click Apply.

Configuring Advanced Parameters on RTN Classifier Profile

To configure advanced parameters in the RTN Classifier profile:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant RTN Classifier Profile and select Details from the context
menu.
4. In the RTN Classifier window, select the Advanced option.

Figure 14: Configuring Advanced Parameters in the RTN Classifier Profile

5. Configure the Advanced parameters.

6. Click Apply.

Configuring RTN Diffserv Queues on RTN Classifier Profile

To configure RTN Diffserv queues:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant RTN Classifier Profile and select Details from the context
menu.
4. In the RTN Classifier window, select the QoS Policies option.

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 RTN Link

Figure 15: Configuring RTN Diffserv Queues

5. Configure the following parameters:

− Priority queue's mode (queue MIR) and queue's rate (weight) for CS1 - CS7
traffic type descriptors
− Priority queue's mode (queue's weight) for Af1 - AF4 traffic type descriptors
6. Configure the Flow Priority per queue type.
7. Click Apply.

Configuring RTN Diffserv Queues on Network Segment

To configure the RTN Diffserv queues on Network Segment:
1. On the Infrastructure tab, select the relevant Network Segment.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, click
Configuration Settings.
3. On the left side of the screen, select the RTN Traffic Prioritization (QoS)
option.

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RTN Link Level 2 - Managed Group-Level QoS Mode

Figure 16: RTN Traffic Prioritization

4. Configure the VSAT Priority 1 – 4 for the RTN traffic settings.

5. Click Apply.

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Chapter 3: Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

In This Section
Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 23
SLA Implementation ....................................................................................................................... 24
Fair Use System............................................................................................................................. 25
NLF Enforcement on the FWD Link ............................................................................................... 31
NLF States ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Ceiling Per Step ............................................................................................................................. 35
Last Step Connectivity ................................................................................................................... 35

Overview
The VSAT-level QoS mode is intended for consumers, and it includes the Fair Use
System/Solution (FUS).
In the VSAT-level QoS mode:
◼ For Managed Groups:
− On the FWD link, MIR and CIR are set per Managed Groups.
− On the RTN link, the allocation is flat among the ISPs. MIR functions as a
Managed Group weight.
◼ For VSATs:
− FWD & RTN – Fair Use System - Full Fair Use system instead of MIR and CIR
− The VSAT MIR and "weight" decrease during the month with the opposite ratio
to the bytes consumption.
The diagram below shows a high-level topology of a network using the VSAT-level
QoS mode.

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SLA Implementation Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 17: High-Level Topology of VSAT-level QoS Mode

SLA Implementation
The SLA profiles are assigned to a Managed Group.
Each VSAT is assigned with one SLA profile from the available SLA profiles in its
Managed Group. QoS tables are defined in the SLA profile.
The SLA profile can include QoS tables in two different modes:
◼ Combined mode
− Ceiling and Floor for FWD and RTN separately
− Per step: FWD_BRnom, RTN_BRnom, FWD_VIP, RTN_VIP, Consumption (FWD
and RTN)
◼ Separated mode
− 2 different tables for the FWD and RTN
− Per step: BRnom, VIP, and Consumption
− A CPE might be in step X for FWD and step Y for RTN
To define the SLA Type:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select Profiles.
3. Locate the SLA profile and double-click it.
4. On the left side of the SLA profile configuration screen, select the SLA Type
option.

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 Fair Use System

Figure 18: SLA Type (Separated or Combined)

5. On the right side of the screen, from the Type drop-down list, select Separated
or Combined.
6. Click Apply.

Fair Use System

The Fair User System is a complex mechanism that aims to provide differential
services to each user according to a purchased SLA (Service Level Agreement) at
peak times and off-peak times.
The main roles of FUS are:
◼ FWD and RTN SLA enforcement
◼ FWD SLA implementation on DPS
◼ RTN SLA implementation on VSATs and HSP
◼ Accounting services

Basic Principals
The FUS solution includes the following basic principles:
◼ Under congestion, fairness is kept between subscribers.
− 4Mbps service always gets twice the rate of a 2Mbps service (RTN and FWD).
◼ There is an option to configure an MIR in steps per each chunk of quota.
− Up to 16 steps

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Fair Use System Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 19: MIR Configured in Steps

Equal Fair Sharing

The Figure below illustrates an equal fair bandwidth sharing.

Figure 20: Unfair Distribution

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 Fair Use System

Weighted Fair Sharing

The Figure below illustrates the weighted fair bandwidth sharing.

Figure 21: Weighted Fair Sharing

Gradual MIR
The notion of gradual MIR entails the following:
◼ VSAT’s rate is a function of its consumed-volume: as the consumed volume
increases, the rate is gradually decreased.
◼ The SLA is based on a QoS table. Service starts with its highest bitrate, which
drops gradually as the consumed-volume raises.
◼ The QoS table is either per direction (FWD and RTN) or combined.
◼ The use of Gradual MIR provides high level control over intensive volume
consumers.

Example
The Figure below illustrates an example of a gradual MIR.
Table 3: QoS Table Example
QoS Step Consumption (MB) BR-nom (MIR)
(Mbps)
1 0 16
2 250 8
3 500 4
4 750 2
5 1000 1

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Fair Use System Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 22: MIR vs Consumed Volume Chart

Behavior Under Congestion – NLF (Network Load Factor)

When the sum of all bitrates of all VSAT demands is higher than available network
bitrate per direction (FWD and RTN), the network state becomes Congestion.
It is defined by the NLF (Network Load Factor). NLF is a congestion factor, calculated
as following:

If the NLF is higher than 1, it indicates a congested network.

The actual bitrate under congestion is calculated considering the NLF and VIP
factors, according to the following formula:

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 Fair Use System

SLA – Dynamic Rate Range

The QoS steps are configured within top and bottom borders - Ceiling and Floor.
◼ The Floor is the minimal rate the subscriber can get. It is used to provide minimal
performance for the user under congestion.
◼ The Ceiling represents the maximum rate the subscriber can get.
At any QoS step, a subscriber can receive a rate above the current step limitation in
the event that resources are available. However, the subscriber’s rate can never
exceed the Ceiling bitrate.

Figure 23: SLA - Dynamic Rate Range

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Fair Use System Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 24: SLA - Dynamic Rate Range - Example

Behavior Under Congestion - VIP

In a congested network, subscribers receive less than the BR-nominal (defined step
MIR), but the Fair Use System maintains the same ratio among the MIRs.
VIP is a credit against congestion. It can be assigned to a step in the table, and it
can be differentiated among services.
Two subscribers with the same MIR, but a different VIP factor get different service
under congestion.

Figure 25: Subscriber VIP Factor Comparison

There is an option to configure a different VIP factor per QoS step.

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 NLF Enforcement on the FWD Link

Figure 26: VIP Factor Configuration Example

NLF Enforcement on the FWD Link

The NLF on the FWD link is enforced by the DPS. The Outbound NLF is an outcome of
the QoS process. It keeps fairness among VSATs even under congestion.
The NLF manages ISPs FWD bandwidth. It provides 100% of the link utilization.
Network-Load is managed per CPE Group (ISP). Accounting information is provided
by the DPS.

Figure 27: FUS Example 1

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NLF States Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 28: FUS Example 2

Table 4:

Figure 29: FUS Example 3

NLF States
The following are the NLF states:
◼ Overload

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 NLF States

− The total demand (sum of VSATs BRnom) from all the VSATs is higher than
the throughput that the Managed Group is currently receiving from the DPS.
− The NLF > 100% causes the VSATs to decrease the BRnom, thus decreasing
the overall demand from the Managed Group.
◼ Underload
− The total demand (sum of VSATs BRnom) from all the VSATs is lower than the
throughput that the Managed Group is currently receiving from the DPS.
− The NLF < 100% causes the VSATs to increase the BRnom and by that
decrease the overall demand from the Managed Group.
The NLF valid values are 5% 2000%
Knowing the NLF allows the operator to calculate the expected result according to
the following formula:

See the examples below.

NLF Calculation Example 1

◼ Managed Group MIR=20Mbps
◼ Managed Group actual bitrate = 20Mbps (after DPS distributes resources among
all Managed Groups)
◼ VSAT A
− BRnom = 5Mbps
− Ceiling = 12Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = FTP download
◼ VSAT B
− BRnom = 5Mbps
− Ceiling = 12Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = FTP download
◼ NLF results = 50% (the DPS multiplies the VSATs BRnom by factor 2 in order to
saturate the Managed Group.

NLF Calculation Example 2

◼ Managed Group MIR=20Mbps

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NLF States Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

◼ Managed Group actual bitrate = 20Mbps (after DPS distributes resources among
all Managed Groups)
◼ VSAT A
− BRnom = 20Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = FTP download
◼ VSAT B
− BRnom = 20Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = FTP download
◼ NLF results = 200% (the DPS divides the VSATs BRnom by factor 2 in order to
saturate the Managed Group.

NLF Calculation Example 3

◼ Managed Group MIR=20Mbps
◼ Managed Group actual bitrate = 20Mbps (after DPS distributes resources among
all Managed Groups)
◼ VSAT A
− BRnom = 10Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = UDP download
◼ VSAT B
− BRnom = 10Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = FTP download
◼ NLF results = 100%

NLF Calculation Example 4

◼ Managed Group MIR=20Mbps
◼ Managed Group actual bitrate = 20Mbps (after DPS distributes resources among
all Managed Groups)
◼ VSAT A
− BRnom = 10Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0

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 Ceiling Per Step

− Traffic type = UDP 5Mbps

◼ VSAT B
− BRnom = 10Mbps
− Ceiling = 20Mbps
− Floor = 0
− Traffic type = UDP 5Mbps
◼ NLF results = 5% (the DPS multiplies the VSATs BRnom by factor 20 in order to
saturate the Managed Group.

Ceiling Per Step

The system allows the end-user to get throughput that is higher than the BRnom, in
case the system in not utilized (NLF<1).
In some cases, the ISP wants to provide a service which prevents the user from
passing the BRnom limit, even if the system is not utilized (NLF<1). For that
purpose, the system supports two modes of Ceiling enforcement:
◼ Mode A - Single Ceiling

Figure 30: BRactual Calculation Formula – Single Ceiling Mode

◼ Mode B - Ceiling per Step

Brnom functions as a Ceiling:
− Case 1: NLF>1
Floor ≤ [BRactual=(BRnom*VIP/NLF)] ≤ BRnom
− Case 2: NLF<1
Floor ≤ BRactual= BRnom

Last Step Connectivity

The Quota expires when a subscriber reaches the last step.
The last step includes the following options, which are defined by the Last Step
Connectivity parameter on the SLA profile.
◼ Blocked – Traffic is totally blocked, regardless of the MIR configured in the last
step.
◼ Limited – Subscriber is redirected to a predefined URL.
◼ Full Access – Use the MIR as defined in the BRnominal (last step MIR).

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Last Step Connectivity Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

The Last Step Connectivity parameter is configurable per direction – FWD and
RTN.

The Blocked and Limited modes (if configured) apply to both directions, even if
the last step has been reached only on one of the directions.

To configure the Last Step Connectivity:

1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation Menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant SLA Profile.

Figure 31: Last Step Connectivity

4. On the left side of the SLA profile screen, select the FWD QoS option.
5. On the right side of the screen, from the Last Step Connectivity drop-down list,
select the required value.
6. Click Apply.

Limited Mode – Allowed Domains

When the Limited mode is selected, the subscriber is redirected to the URL
predefined in the CPE’s Managed Group.
To configure limitations in Limited mode:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select Settings.
3. On the left side of the screen, select Authentication, Authorization and
Access Limitations option.
4. On the right side of the screen, specify the URL in the Redirect URL for CPEs in
Limited Mode field.

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Figure 32: Configuring Allowed Domains

5. (Optional) Click Add in the Allows Domains for CPEs in Limited Mode table:
− The subscriber is able to browse only the URLs defined in that list.
− The list is defined per Managed Group.
− There is an option to configure the URL or IP address.
− Applicable also in Blocked Mode
− Up to 100 entries can be configured
6. Click Apply.

Free Zone
Free Zone is an SLA-defined time period, in which the consumed data is not counted
(a "happy hour"). When in Free Zone, the current QoS step MIR is ignored and the
user can reach the SLA ceiling bitrate limit. The Free Zone is applied also on users in
Blocked and Limited modes.
Free Zone values are configured in the SLA Profile:
To configure the Free Zone:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the relevant CPE Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation Menu, select
Configuration Profiles.
3. Select the relevant SLA Profile.
4. On the left side of the SLA profile screen, select the Free Zone option.
5. On the right side of the screen, click Add to add an instance to the Free Zone
table.

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Last Step Connectivity Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 33: SLA Profile - Free Zone Table

6. Specify the Start Time, End Time, and Reoccurrence (Daily).

7. Click Apply.

Adding TopUp
Subscribers can purchase a Top-Up that provides additional volume to their quota.
This action can be performed at any QoS step.
To add a Top-Up:
1. Access the configuration screen of a relevant VSAT.
2. In the VSAT configuration screen, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Commands.
3. Locate the Add TopUp – Separated SLA command.

Figure 34: VSAT Add TopUp Command

4. Specify the volume for FWD and RTN channels.

5. Click Run.

Example
The purchased volume cannot be aggregated above the reset-quota day.

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Figure 35: Gradual and Flat SLAs Using Topup Command

Remove TopUp
The Remove Top-Up is a command that advances the volume count. It can be used
to correct mistakes when adding a quota (on page 38).

Figure 36: Using Remove TopUp Command

To remove Top-Up:
1. Access the configuration screen of a relevant VSAT.
2. In the VSAT configuration screen, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Commands.
3. Locate the Remove TopUp – Separated SLA command.
4. Specify the volume for FWD and RTN channels.

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Last Step Connectivity Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

5. Click Run.

Monthly Quota Reset

The Reset-Quota-Date function allows configuring a specific day (monthly-based), on
which the service is restarted for each subscriber.
The following values are configured per VSAT :
◼ Mode A – Auto day selection - Calculated by the NMS by MOD (Terminal_ID, 28)
+1
◼ Mode B – Set a specific day - Set day between 1-28
Spreading these days throughout the month results in a balanced bandwidth load on
the network. This way, each subscriber can reach the high rate of the service, but
not all of them at the same moment.
To reset Quota:
1. Access the configuration screen of a relevant VSAT.
2. On the left side of the VSAT configuration screen, select the General option.

Figure 37: Configuring Monthly Reset Quota

3. Perform either of the following actions:

− Select the checkbox next to the Auto Generate Reset Quota parameter.
OR
− Specify the value for the Reset Quota Day parameter.
4. Click Apply.

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 Monthly Reset Quota Example

Figure 38: Monthly Reset Quota Example

Resetting Quota
Subscribers can purchase the Reset Quota functionality. It restarts the volume
counting to 0 (FWD and RTN).
When using this function, subscribers start consuming their quota from 0 bytes.
This function is configured by a command per VSAT. It has the same effect as a
monthly-reset-quota functionality.
To reset Quota:
1. Open the configuration screen of the relevant VSAT.
2. In the VSAT configuration screen, from the Quick Navigation menu, select
Commands.
3. Locate the Reset Quota command.

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Last Step Connectivity Level 2 - VSAT-Level QoS Mode

Figure 39: Reset Quota VSAT Command

4. Click Run.

This does not affect/change the monthly reset quota day.

For example, in case an automatic reset quota day is set to 23, and a manual
reset quota command is executed on 22, the monthly reset quota is still executed
on the predefined date.

Accounting
The system generates hourly accounting files including all the VSATs and their
counted traffic with 5-minutes granularity. The file is generated per ISP (CPE
Group). The file columns including FWD and RTN traffic are differed by VoIP, Data,
Free Zone period, and more.
Additional details regarding the accounting files can be found in the SkyEdge II-c
TotalNMS Accounting File Structure In Version 5.3P1 Description, DC-104899(X).

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Chapter 4: RTN Link Tools - Managed Group Level
& VSAT Level Modes

In This Section
Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 43
Flywheel ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) ................................................................................................................ 43
Free Capacity Distribution (FCD) ................................................................................................... 43
VoIP ............................................................................................................................................... 44

Overview
This chapter describes RTN links tools available for configuration of Managed Group
and VSAT level modes.

Flywheel
The Flywheel request is used for improving user experience. It is first triggered when
receiving or transmitting a packet. The Flywheel is refreshed as long as the VSAT
continues transmitting or receiving traffic.
Once traffic was sent successfully, the scope of Flywheel is to maintain the active
session, not to drop it but to start counting. In case on specific time the VSAT
requests the traffic again, the Flywheel offers the already established connection.

Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

The CBR is a guaranteed, jitter-limited rate allocation request for the VSAT’s default
connection to the hub with absolute priority. It is often used for guaranteeing a
minimum response time.
The CBR differs from regular RBDC requests in several characteristics:
◼ It has the absolute priority
◼ It is triggered by configuration (regardless of traffic)

Free Capacity Distribution (FCD)

FCD is an unsolicited volume-based capacity allocation mechanism. The HSP
allocates capacity to VSATs without being requested to do so. It uses unallocated
capacity for any pending request. It has the lowest priority in the system (below the
Best Effort).
The HSP decides how much to allocate and to which VSATs.
◼ Equal distribution among eligible VSATs in "Round Robin"
◼ Eligible VSATs are either (configuration-dependent):
− All VSATs
− Idling VSATs only

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VoIP RTN Link Tools - Managed Group Level & VSAT Level Modes

VoIP
VoIP Modes
There are two available VoIP modes:
◼ On – The system identifies the SIP traffic and passes it over jitter-reduced
bandwidth with the highest priority. The volume traffic is not accounted, if it is
enabled per network or SLA.
◼ Off – The VoIP traffic is treated as a regular data and is included in the volume
accounting.

Configuring VoIP on the Network Level

To configure VoIP on the Network level:
1. On the Infrastructure navigation tab, select Network.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select Settings.
3. On the left side of the screen, select the Supported Features option.

Figure 40: Network Settings – Supported Features

4. On the right side of the screen, from the VoIP Multimedia Optimization drop-
down list, select the required mode:
− Off
− SIP On
− RTP On
− SIP and RTP On
5. Click Apply.

Configuring VoIP on the SLA Level

To configure VoIP on the SLA level:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select Profiles.
3. In the Profiles list, locate the SLA profile.

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 VoIP

4. On the right side of the SLA Profile screen, select the VoIP Service option.

Figure 41: VoIP Service at SLA Level

5. On the right side of the screen, from the VoIP Multimedia Optimization drop-
down list, select the required mode:
− Set by Network
− Off
− SIP On
− RTP On
− SIP and RTP On
6. Click Apply.

Configuring VoIP on the Managed Group Level

To configure VoIP on the Managed Group level:
1. On the CPE Groups navigation tab, select the Managed Group.
2. In the Network work area, from the Quick Navigation menu, select Settings.
3. In the Managed Group screen, select the IP Connectivity option.

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VoIP RTN Link Tools - Managed Group Level & VSAT Level Modes

Figure 42: Configuring VoIP at Managed Group Level

4. Select the checkbox next to the VoIP SIP Domain Enforcement parameter.
5. Specify the Managed Group SIP Domain.
6. Click Apply.

VoIP Signaling in VSAT

The VoIP signaling in VSAT has the following characteristics:
◼ VoIP signaling messages are parsed by the VSAT.
◼ RTP header compression
◼ VSAT analyzes the necessary bandwidth by using the information inside the
signaling messages
− Codec
− pTIme
◼ VSAT finds the destination and source IP address by using the information inside
the signaling messages.
− Only this stream gets into the new dedicated jitter limited tunnel
◼ Absolute priority
◼ Minimum delay and jitter
◼ Triggered either by traffic (detection and/or rate measurement) or by
configuration

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Chapter 5: Acronyms

Acronym Description
Adaptive Code & Modulation
ACM DVB-S2 / S2X working mode supports link adaptation mechanism
ATA Analog Telephone Adapters (VoIP)
AVBDC Absolute Volume-Based Dynamic Capacity
Baseband
BB Digital form of un-modulated source created by IPM (layer 2)
BB (Backbone) Backbone Gilat’s layer 3-4 protocol
BB_MIR (MIR - Maximum Information Rate) Maximum throughput to a
single CPE
BLAN Baseband LAN
BOM Bill of Materials
BSC Base station controller
BTS Base transceiver station
BW Bandwidth
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CIR Committed Information Rate
CMM Chassis Management Module
CPE Customer Peripheral Equipment (VSAT)
CTR Chassis Controller identifying each chassis component (i.e., card)
by a unique hardware ID.
d-Chassis Data Center Chassis (Kontron) is an xHub unit that supports 2
Network Segments.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIY Do It Yourself
DLAN LAN switch (1:1 stack) that is part of the d-Chassis
DLF Dynamic Low fly
DNS Domain Name Server
Domain Entity that contains up to 4 Network Segments
DPS Data Processing Server /Data Protocol Processor
SkyEdge II-c Hub element in charge of IP / Backbone processing
in both directions (OB & IB), QoS acceleration (TCP and HTTP)
DSCP Differentiated services code point
DSS Diversity Site Switching
FCD Free Capacity Distribution
Forward Link Link from the hub to the remote sites
(FWD)
(Outbound)

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VoIP Acronyms

Acronym Description
FUS Fair Use System
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
HC Home Carrier
Hub Page Accelerator
SkyEdge II-c Hub SW module in DPS in charge for HTTP
HPA acceleration
Hub Satellite Processor
SkyEdge II-c Hub element in charge of IB frames processing and
HSP backbones reconstruction
Hub Node Hub module that manages a d-Chassis
HUB_MIR Maximum throughput to the entire FWD link (single DPS)
IB Inbound (Return link)
Inbound Switching Matrix
X-Chassis module used to connect chassis RTN slots with RF
IBX inputs
IMS Intel Modular Server
IP Encapsulator & Modulator
SkyEdge II-c Hub element in charge of OB data multiplexing,
IPM modulation and coding
ISP Internet Service Provider
IXIA Layer 2-7 traffic generator
LAN Local Access Network
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LHCP Left-Hand Circular Polarization
LKG Last Known Good
LOS Line of Site
LSC Last Step Connectivity
LTE Long-Term Evolution, commonly marketed as 4G LTE
M1 TotalNMS
M2 Network Segment Controller (NSC)
MC Multicast
Multi Carrier Receiver
SkyEdge II-c Hub element in charge for IB burst demodulation &
MCR decoding
MIR Maximum Information Rate
MPN Managed Private Network
MSS Maximum Segment Size
NCR Network Clock Reference

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Acronym Description
FWD Frame stamped with modulator clock generated by the IPM
and continuously broadcasted to the network for timing
synchronization
NLF A factor used in the control loop and intended to achieve an
optimal link utilization
Network Management System
SkyEdge II-c core controlling system for the entire network based
NMS on dedicated HW and GUI Application
NOC Network Operations Center
Node Server (UPM or NSC) in a d-Chassis module
Network Segment
Set of chained system components associated with a single FWD
NS carrier and multiple RTN carriers
Network Segment Controller
SkyEdge II-c server acting as an intermediate management layer
NSC between the NMS and NS components and VSATs
OB Outbound (Forward link)
Outbound Switching Matrix
X-Chassis module used to connect chassis FWD slots with RF
OBX outputs
OS Operating System
POST Power-On Self-Test
QoS Quality of Service
RBDC Rate-Based Dynamic Capacity
Return Link Link from the remote sites to the hub
(RTN)
(Inbound)
RF Radio Frequency
RHCP Right-Hand Circular Polarization
RMM Remote Management Module that streams KVM to the server on a
unique port
RTD Round-trip delay time
RTP Real time protocol
RTT Round Trip Time
SAC Satellite Access Control
SCM Storage Controller Module
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDN Software-Defined Network server that is responsible for managing
x-Chassis configuration for the entire network (single or multiple
Gateways) and the d-Chassis TOR switches.
SDR Sustainable Data Rate

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VoIP Acronyms

Acronym Description
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SkyManage CPE management web service (Internal)
SLA Service Level Agreement
SLE Satellite link Emulator
TBTP Terminal Burst Time Plan
TDMA Time division multiple access
TEID Tunnel Endpoint ID
TFP Time Frequency Plan
TOR Top of Rack switch based on stack of minimum two Cisco-3850
48-Port switch 4x10G module drawer each and dual power supply.
The switch is connected to the x-Chassis, d-Chassis, TotalNMS
server, and customer's Border Router.
ToS Type of Service
TP Throughput
TRF Tuned radio frequency
Unified Processor Module
UPM HSP/DPS HW platform
UTS Utility Server (formerly called Management PC)
SkyEdge II-c dedicated server for maintenance and debugging
VAPS (CPE) VAPS Automatic (Dish) Pointing System
VBDC Volume-Based Dynamic Capacity
VM Virtual Machine
VSAT (CPE) Very Small Aperture Terminal
x-Chassis x-Chassis is a high-density 12.5U baseband chassis. It allocates
baseband equipment cards: MCRs and IPMs, CTR, and xLAN
switches.
xLAN LAN switch (1:1 stack) that is part of the x-Chassis

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