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EXERCISES 1 .1
5 31 97
1. a. w + c b. z + c c. cos x + c d. x3 + 3x2 + c 2. 26 3. 2+ 4. 5. 6. a. sin x + x4 – e2x + c
x 8 3

5 x4 7 x9 1 5 3 x+ c
b. – x3 + 5x + c c. 5arctanx + c1 = –arccotx + c2 d. +c e. sin 4 x + c f. –7cos x + c g. e
4 9 4 3

2 4 x6 1 1 3x8 1 1 1
h. sin3x – 4cosx – e5x + c 7. a. + c b. 4x + c c. – 2 + c d. – 4 + c e. + c f. – – +c
3 5 6 2x 4x 8 8 x8 5 x5 2 x2
2 x 1 x2
g. 4e2x + c h. x3 + 2x2 – x + c 8. a. – + c b. 3ln|x| + c c. – + ln|x| + x + + c d. sin x – cos x + c
x x 2

1 e2 x e5 x
e. ln |x| + c f. 5 ln |x + 1| + c g. ln |x – 1| + c h. 2x2 + 3x – 4 ln |x| – +c 9. a. +c b. +c
x 2 5
2x
5e 7 x + 2 4x 5x 62 x-1 43x-4 33 x-1
c. 3e + c d. +c e. 7ex–2 + c f. +c g. +c h. +c i. +c j. +c
2 7 ln 2 ln 5 2 ln 6 6 ln 2 ln 3

10 x +1 2 ⋅ 32 x-1 cos 4 x sin5 x

k. +c l. +c 10. a. – + c b. +c c. 4 tan x + c d. – 5cot 2 x + c e. tan 4x + c
ln 10 ln 3 4 5 2

f. tan x – x + c g. x – cotx + c h. 3 arcsin x + c1 = –3 arccot x + c2 i. 4 arctan x + c1 = –4 arccot x + c2

5sin(8 x – 4) arcsin 2 x arccos 2 x

j. x + 4 arctan x + c1 = x – arccotx + c2 k. +c l. + c1 = – + c2
8 2 2
5 5 x sin 2 x
m. arctan 3x + c1 = – arccot 3x + c2 n. – +c o. –cot x – x + c p. tan x – 2x + c
3 3 2 4

EXERCISES 1 .2
5 cos(4 x +1) (1+ x2 + x3 )9 (1 – x2 )8
1. a. ln|x – 3| + c b. –ln|x| + c c. ln|x| d. ln| 3x +1|+ c e. – + c f. + c g. – +c
3 4 9 16
sin( x2 – 5) arcsin 4 x arccos 4 x
h. + c i. + c1 = – + c2 j. esin x + c k. arctan (sin x) + c1 = –arccot(sin x) + c2
2 4 4
3
(1 − x2 ) 2 4 2 2
sin x2 2
ln 2 x
l. +c m. ( x + x ) + c 2. a. +c b. – cos(5 x +7) + c c. +c d. ln|sin x | + c
3 4 2 10 2

104 Anwers to Exercises

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1 (10 x + 4) 5 x − 1 5cos 5 x
e. + c f. + c g. ln|ex
– 3| + c h. – + c i. ln(ex + e–x) + c 3. a. xex – ex + c
9(1 – 3 x)3 75 4

b. ex(x2 – 2x + 2 ) + c c. ex(x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 6) + c d. sin x – xcos x + c e. –e–x(x2 + 2x + 2 ) + c

sin x ⋅ cos x sin 2 x 1 x

f. – e2 x ⋅ ( – – )+ c g. (x + 5) ln|x + 5| – x + c h. x log x – +c
4 4 8 ln10
x 1
i. (cos(ln|x|) + sin(ln|x|)) + c J. x arccot x + ln(1 + x2) + c k. x arccos x – 1 − x2 + c
2 2
1 1 x2 1 3x2
4. a. ln|3x + 1| + c b. 3
+ c c. + 2 ln| x| − + c d. ln|x2 + x – 1| + c e. – 4x + ln|x3 – 4x2 + 1| + c
5 (3x +1) 2 x 2
5 1 1 1
f. 4x + ln|x2 + 1| + c g. – +c h. – + c i. 5ln|x + 2| – 2ln|x + 1| + c j. ln|x2 – 2x – 3| + c
2 x+ 2 2( x +1)2 2

1 5 1 5 3
k. (ln|x – 1| + 3 ln|x + 1|) + c l. ln|x – 1| – ln(x2 + x + 1) + c m. ln( x – 1) – − +c
2 3 3 x − 1 2( x − 1)2

2 2
n. –ln|1 + x| – + c o. 7 ln|x – 1| + 2 ln|x2 + x + 2| + c p. 7 2 arctan( x 2 ) – ln( x + 2) + ln| x+1| +
1+ x 6 2 6 3

11 1 1 x+ 3 3 x– 3 –2 3 x2 3
q. ln|3x – 1| + ln|x - 1| + c r. ln| |+ c s. ln| |+ c t. arctan( )+ c
6 2 2 x +5 6 x+ 3 – 2 6 3
3 3 3 4

2(5 x – 1) 2 2(1 – x) 2 (1+ x2 ) 2 3( x +1) 3

5. a. +c b. – +c c. +c d. +c e. – 1 – x2 + c f. 5 x2 + 3 + c
15 3 3 4
6 2
5(1+ x) 5 (1+ x3 ) 3 x arccos 2 x x 2 9
g. + c h. + c i. x+6 x – 2+ c 6. a. 1 – 4 x2 – + c b. x – 9 – ln( x2 – 9+ x)+ c
6 2 2 4 2 2

16 x2 +1 4x 2
c. ln( x2 +1+ x)+ c d. +c e. 16 x2 – 9 – 3arcsec +c f. x 16 – 9 x – 8 arccos( 3 x )+ c
16 3 2 3 4

2 2
sin3 x 2 6 8
cos 3 x
g. ln( 9 x +1+ 3 x) + x 9 x +1 + c h. arcsinx + c 7. a. + c b. sin x + c c. sin x – sin x + c d. – +c
6 2 3 2 6 8 3

cos8 x cos 6 x sin5 x sin7 x cos7 x cos 5 x 5x sin 4 x 3sin8 x sin 3 4 x

e. – –c f. – +c g. – +c h. + + + +c
8 6 5 7 7 5 2048 2048 16784 12288

cos10 x cos 8 x cos 12 x cos x cos7 x sin 2 x sin12 x cos5 x cos11x

i. – – +c j. – +c k. – +c l. – +c
5 8 12 2 14 4 24 10 22

cos6 x cos 2 x cos 4 x cos6 x sin5 x sin 3 x sin7 x sin x

m. – – +c n. – +c o. + +c p. + +c
12 4 8 12 10 6 14 2

Anwers to Exercises 105

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x
1+ tan 1 x 1 x x x x
8. a. 2 ⋅ 2 – x+ c b. ln| tan | – tan 2 + c c. ln| tan |+ c d. 6 ln| tan | –3 ln| tan 2 +1|+ c
x 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
1 – tan
2
d. –ln |3 + cos x | + c

EXERCISES 2 .1
109 91 19 1
1. 4,5 2. Area = , Integral = 3. Area = 16, Integral = 8 4. a. b. 36 c. 64 d. e. 1 f. 0
6 6 3 2

20 5a 4 74 3787 10537 2 e3 + 3e – 1
g. h. i. 5. a. 0 b. 0 c. 37 d. e. + ln 4 f. g. 6. –7 7. –3
3 6 3 12 15 3 3
1+ 2x 7 9
8. a. cos x b. c. 2x sin x d. 3x5 + 12x2 – x – 4 9. a. b. c. 2 d. 0
x4 2 4

EXERCISES 2 .2
17 41 109 569 17
1. a. b. 34 c. d. 40 e. f. g. 2 h. i. 25 2. a. 6 b. 2 c. 8 d. 3 e. 4 f. –2
2 2 3 6 4

3 9 3 191
3. a. 3 b. – c. d. 1 e. 10 f. g. 3 h.
2 2 2 8

EXERCISES 3 .1
32 9 13 57 157 11 10 15 4 26
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 24 6. 7. 2 8. 9. 4 3 – 10. 11. 1 12. 13.
3 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 3

32 1 8 19 5 9 8 256 5 8 243
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 6 3 2 − 4 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
3 6 3 3 6 4 3 27 12 3 24

125 32 71 1 32 4 1 5
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 13 13 34. 2ñ2 35. 36. 3 3 – 2
6 3 6 2 3 3 3 6 3 4
3 3 –1 2 3 –1 5 3 e–2 2 π3
37. 2ñ2 – 1 38. 39. 40. 4 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. –6 46. 2 47. 3
2 2 2 2 2 81

48. e2 49. 15 50. 13

106 Anwers to Exercises

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EXERCISES 3 .2
301π 28π 163π 16 π 512 π 19π 15π 64π
1. 2. 3. 4. 104π 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 48π 11. 666π
3 15 14 15 15 12 4 5

π 4 π2 π2 2π π π(384 3 − 594) 17 π 46991π

12. ( e − 1) 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 2π 18. 19. 19π 20. 21.
2 2 4 15 6 15 15 7680

64π 8π 247 π π 4 π 6008 π 9604 π

22. 23. 6ñ6π 24. 4π 25. 26. 27. ( e − e2 ) 28. (3 3 − π) 29. 30.
3 9 40 6 6 15 15

2126 π ln( 5 + 2)+ 2 5 20 10 − 2

31. 32. 33. 34. 10π 35. ln( 5 + 2)+ 2 5 36. 13 13 − 8 37. 4ò10
15 4 27 4 27
ln( 5 + 2)+ 2 5 π
38. 16π 39. 40. π (ln( 6 − 3 − 2 + 2) − 7 2 + 11 6 41. (5 5 − 1)
4 6 18 6 6

TEST 1A TEST 1B TEST 1C

1. E 9. A 1. B 9. D 1. C 9. B
2. B 10. D 2. D 10. A 2. A 10. C
3. E 11. B 3. C 11. B 3. B 11. E
4. C 12. B 4. D 12. D 4. C 12. C
5. B 13. C 5. B 13. E 5. C 13. C
6. A 14. E 6. C 14. A 6. D 14. B
7. B 15. D 7. C 15. A 7. D 15. E
8. A 16. B 8. C 16. D 8. E 16. E

TEST 2A TEST 2B TEST 3A

1. D 9. E 1. E 9. C 1. D 9. A
2. A 10. E 2. A 10. B 2. A 10. B
3. C 11. A 3. E 11. D 3. E 11. E
4. B 12. D 4. D 12. E 4. B 12. D
5. B 13. B 5. B 13. B 5. C 13. B
6. E 14. C 6. C 14. A 6. A 14. C
7. D 15. A 7. A 15. C 7. D 15. A
8. E 16. D 8. D 16. C 8. C 16. D

Anwers to Tests 107

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differentiation: Finding the derivative of a function.

discontinuity: A point at which a mathematical func-
abscissa: A function which is always defined positively.
If f(x) ≥ 0 then |f(x)| = f(x), if f(x) < 0 then tion is not continuous.
|f(x)|= –f(x).
anti derivative: All functions F(x) + c for which F′(x) =
f(x). fundamental theorem of calculus: The theorem that we

arclength: The length of a curve in a given interval. use for finding the definite integral of a function.

boundary: A curve or a point which limits a region or

a line. indefinite integral: The set of all anti-derivatives of a
function.
integer value function: A function which gives the
greatest integer number which is smaller than the
changing variable method: The method of finding the
value of given function.
integral of composite functions by using a suitable
expression of given function as variable. integrable: A function which has integral at a given
point.
constant of integration: When we take derivative of a
function derivative of constant number will be always 0. integral: A mathematical term that can be interpreted
So in the integral to define this constant number we use as an area under a graph or a generalization of the
the letter ‘c’. c is called as the constant of integration. area.
continuous functions: A function which has no jumping integral sign: The sign that we use to show the integral
and we can draw its graph without lifting the pen. of a function. It is like the first letter of the word ‘sum’.
integrand: The algebraic expression under integral
sign.

definite integral: The area between the graph of f(x) integration: The operation of finding the integral of a
and x-axis in a given interval. function.

derivative: The rate of change of a function at a given integration by parts: A technique for finding the
point. integral of the form by expanding the differential of a
differentiable function: A function which has deriva- product of functions d(uv) and expressing the original
tive at a given point. integral in terms of a known integral.
differential: The expression ‘dx’ which is used to show interval: The set of all real numbers between two
the variable in the integral. known numbers.
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inverse conversion formula: A formula for changing

the multiplication of two trigonometric functions to
sum or difference of two other trigonometric func- signum function: A function that gives the sign of a
tions. function. If the function is positive than it is +1, if the
function is 0 then signum is 0 and when the function
is negative its signum is -1.
solid of revolution: A solid figure that we generate by
turning any curve or the graph of a function around x
leibnitz rule: A rule which gives a formula for differen- or y axis.
tiation of a definite integral whose limits are functions substitution method: A method for finding the integral
of the differentiable variables. of a function by using different and suitable variables
lower limit: For the definite integral the starting num- instead of x.
ber of the integral. surface of revolution: The face area of a solid of revo-
lution.

mean value theorem: The theorem that is used to find

a number c in an interval [a, b] such that f (c) is the tan x/2 substitution: The method for integrating a
ratio of the definite integral on given interval to differ- function which includes linear expressions of sin x and
ence of a and b. cos x by using the substitution as t = tan (x/2)
trigonometric substitution: The method of finding the
integral of radical functions which include the expres-
sions like x2 ± a2 or a2± x2.
partial fraction: When a complicated fraction is given
we can write it as the sum of simpler fractions. These
fractions are called as partial fractions.
primitive of a function: The anti derivative of a func- upper limit: For the definite integral the ending num-
tion. ber of the integral.

radical functions: A function which include the radical volume of revolution: The volume of a solid of revolu-
expressions like square roots, cube roots … etc. tion.

dational function: A function which is written as the

division of polynomials.
reducible function: A function that can be written in a
simpler form or can be written as the multiplication of
simpler functions.