06 Integral 3 2

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2 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

A. VOLUME OF REVOLUTION
When a region is revolved about an axis we get a solid figure. This figure is called as a solid
revolution. To find the volume of this solid figure we can use integration.
Let f(x) be a continuous function defined on [a; b] the volume of the solid that we get by
revolving the area between the graph of f(x) and x-axis on [a, b], about x-axis is;
b
V = π ⋅ ∫ f 2 ( x) dx.
a
EXAMPLE 14 What is the volume of the solid figure that we generate by revolving the area between y = 3x
and x-axis around x-axis on the interval [0, 2].
y
y = 3x
Solution 2
V = π ⋅ ∫ (3x) dx 2
2
= π ⋅ ∫ 9 x2 dx
0
2 x
= 3πx3 | 2
0
= 24 π – 0
= 24 π.
EXAMPLE 15 What is the volume of the figure which can be obtained by revolving the region, between
y = x2 + 2 and x-axis, around x-axis on the interval [1, 3].
y
Solution 3
V = π ⋅ ∫ ( x2 + 2)2 dx
1
3
= π ⋅ ∫ ( x4 + 4 x2 + 4) dx 3
1
x5 4x3 3 x
= π ⋅( + + 4 x) | 1 3
5 3 1
⎡ 243 1 4 ⎤
= π ⋅ ⎢( + 36+12) − ( + + 4) ⎥
⎣ 5 5 3 ⎦
1366 π
= .
15
92 Integral
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Note y
y = g(x)
If we turn the figure around y-axis we should use d
x = f(y) and integrate it with respect to dy.
d c
V = π ⋅ ∫ f 2 ( y) dy.
c
EXAMPLE 16 Find the volume of the solid figure that we generate by rotating the region between
f(x) = 3x – 1, y-axis, y = 2 and y = 5 lines around y-axis.
y
Solution y +1
y = 3x – 1 ⇒ x =
3
5
5 5 2
y +1 2 y + 2y + 1
V = π ⋅ ∫( ) dy = π ⋅ ∫ dy
2 3 2 9
2
y3 y2 y 5
= π ⋅( + + ) |
27 9 9 2 x
1 1
125 25 5 8 4 2 3
= π ⋅( + + − − − )
27 9 9 27 9 9
= 7π.
Note y
If we revolve the area between two curves f(x) and y = f(x)

g(x) on [a, b] interval then the volume of the solid
y = g(x)
figure will be:
b
V = π ⋅ ∫ (f 2 ( x) − g 2 ( x ) ) dx. a b
x
a
Applications of the Definite Integral 93

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EXAMPLE 17 Find the volume of the solid figure which can be generated by revolving the area of the region
between y = 2x2 + 2 and y = 3 – 2x2 around x-axis.
1 y
Solution y1 = y2 ⇒ 2 x2 + 2 = 3 – 2 x2 ⇒ x = ±
2
1 3
2
∫
2 2 2 2
V = π⋅ ⎡⎣(3 − 2 x ) − (2 x + 2) ⎤⎦ dx
− 12
2
1 1
2
20 x3 2
∫ ( −20 x
2
= π⋅ +5) dx = π ⋅( − +5 x) |
−1
3 −1
2
2 x
⎡ 20 5 20 5 ⎤
= π ⋅ ⎢( − + ) − ( − )
⎣ 24 2 24 2 ⎥⎦
10 π
= .
3
EXAMPLE 18 What is the volume of the solid figure generated by revolving the area bounded by y = ex,
x = 2, x = 4 and y = 1 about the x-axis.
4 y y = ex
Solution V = π ⋅ ∫ ( e 2 x − 1) dx
2
e2 x 4
= π ⋅( − x) |
2 2
1
⎛ e8 e4 ⎞ y=1
= π ⋅ ⎜ ( − 4) − ( − 2) ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ x
2 4
π
= ( e8 − e 4 − 4).
2
EXAMPLE 19 Find the volume of the solid figure generated by revolving the area bounded by y = x3 and
y = ñx about x-axis for 60°.
94 Integral
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Solution Solve the equations together to find the intersection points.

y
x3 = x; x1 = 0 and x2 = 1 y = x2
y = ñx
60
V= (Total Volume)
360
1⎛ 1 ⎞
= ⎜ π ⋅ ∫ (( x )2 − ( x3 )2 ) dx ⎟
6⎝ 0 ⎠ x
1
1 ⎛ ⎞
= ⋅ ⎜ π ⋅ ∫ ( x − x6 ) dx ⎟
6 ⎝ 0 ⎠
π x2 x7 1 π 1 1 5π
= ⋅ ( − ) | = ⋅ ( − − 0) = .
6 2 7 0 6 2 7 84
Check Yourself 2
1. Find the volume of the solid figure generated by revolving the area between y = x2 – 4 and
x-axis about x-axis.
2. Find the volume of the solid figure generated by revolving the area bounded by
y = 4x – 1, x-axis, x = 1 and x = 3 lines about x-axis.
y = 3x2 + 2x + 1, x-axis, x = 0 and x = 2 lines about x-axis.
y = 2x + 1, y-axis, y = 2 and y = 5 lines about y-axis.
y = 2x2 + x + 2, y = 1, x = 1 and x = 2 lines about x-axis.
4
6. Show by using integral that the volume of a sphere with radius R is π R3 .
3
Answers
512 π 326 π 2134 π 21π 349π 4 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. πR
15 3 15 4 5 3
B. ARCLENGTH (OPTIONAL)
The length of any curve ( or line ) between the points a and b for a continuous and differ-
entiable function f is:
b
L = ∫ 1+ ( f ′( x) ) dx.
2

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EXAMPLE 20 Find the length of the graph of f(x) = 4(x – 1)3/2 between x = 1 and x = 2.
Solution By using the formula we can get the answer.
f ′( x) = 6 ⋅ ( x – 1 )1/ 2
( ) dx = ∫
2 2 2 2
1
L = ∫ 1 + 6( x − 1) 2
1 + 36( x −1) dx = ∫ 36 x −35 dx
1 1 1
du
u = 36 x – 35 ⇒ du = 36 or dx =
36
3 3
1 1 u 2 (36 x − 35) 2 2
dx =
36 ∫ u 2 du =
54
=
54
|
1
37 37 − 1
= .
54
EXAMPLE 21 Find the length (circumference) of a circle with radius 2.
Solution Lets take the circle x2 + y2 = 4.

2
So y = ± 4 − x .
Lets divide the circle into 4 parts and find the length of just one part.
2
So we get L = 1+(( 4 − x2 )) 2 dx.
∫ 0
y
2
x
The circumference of circle = 4 ⋅ ∫ 1+( − ) 2 dx y = 4 x2
0 4 − x2
2 x
x2
=4⋅∫ 1+ dx
0 4 − x2 x2 + y2 = 9
2
4
=4⋅∫ dx
0 4 − x2
2
dx
=8⋅∫
0 4 − x2
x 2
= 8 ⋅ (arcsin ) |
2 0
= 8 ⋅ (arcsin1 – arcsin0)
= 4π.
96 Integral
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C. AREAS OF SURFACE OF REVOLUTION (OPTIONAL)

If a function f(x) has a continuous first derivative on [a, b] then the area of the surface
generated by revolving the curve about x-axis is
b
SAREA = 2π ⋅ ∫ f ( x) ⋅ 1+ ( f ′( x) ) dx.
2
EXAMPLE 22 Find the surface area of the sphere with radius r = 3 cm.
Solution Lets take the circle x2 + y2 = 9 ⇒ y = ± 9 − x2 .

Lets use the circle between 0 and 3 and rotate it. It will give us half of the surface area of the
sphere so we will multiply the result by 2 to get all surface area.
y
( ) dx
3 2
Surface Area = 2 ⋅ 2 π ⋅ ∫ 9 − x2 ⋅ 1+ ( 9 − x2 )'
0
3 x2 + y2 = 9
3 2
x
= 4π ⋅ ∫ 9 − x2 ⋅ 1+ dx
0 9 − x2
x
3
3 3
3
= 4 π ⋅ ∫ 9 − x2 ⋅ dx
0 9 − x2
3
3
= 4π ⋅ (3x) |
0
= 36 π cm 2 .
Check Yourself 3
1. Find the length of the curve y = 2(x + 3 )3/2 between x = 1 to x = 3.
2. Find the length of the curve y = 4x2 – x + 1 on [0, 1]
3. Find the length of the curve y = x3/2 on the interval [0, 2].
4. Find the area of the surface of revolution which is generated by rotating y = 2x + 1 about
x-axis on the interval [1, 3].
5. What is the surface area of a parabolic reflector whose shape is obtained by rotating the
parabola y = ñx on [1, 2] about x-axis.
Answers
110 55 − 74 37 9 2 − ln( 2 − 1) 22 22 − 8 9π 5 π 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 20πñ5 5. −
27 4 27 2 6

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R EAL L IFE A PPLICATION

REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS
The definite integral has wide area of usage. We can com-
bine the definite with the area under a curve or a graph. So
we can use the integral in many paces.
For example in table 1 there is a graph about a phone cell

company. The table shows the number of new users per
month. If we asked what is the total number of users after
5 months we will find the area under the graph. It will give
us total number of users.
In economics, statistics and business they use

the integral. Statistics is highly interested with
the tables. To make tables and read them they
use the integral. For estimating the value of any
amount they look at the graphs. As an example
lets talk about the graph of population in a place.
They found that the population of an island
increases by the formula:
Population = 25ñt + 20. (t is the year). Initially

there are 1200 people on the island. What will
be the population of the island after 30 years? If
we integrate given function between 1 and 30
we can get the answer.
We can use integral in many other places such as finding

the dilation of the electronic circuits, finding the curvature
of the buildings and their cupolas, motions of the stars and
so on.
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EXERCISES 3 .2
1. Find the volume of solid figure generated by 11. Find the volume of solid figure generated by
revolving the area of the region bounded by revolving the area of the region bounded by
y = 2x + 5, x = 2 and x = 3 around x-axis. y = 4x – 1, x-axis on [0, 3] about y-axis.
y = x2 + 1 and x-axis on [0, 1] about x-axis. y = ex, x = 2 and xy-axes about x-axis.
y = x3 – 1 and x-axis on [1, 2] around x-axis. y = sin x, x = 0, x = π and x-axis about x-axis.
y = 3x + 1, x-axis, x = 1 and x = 3 lines about π
y = cos 2x, x = , x and y axes about x-axis.
x-axis. 2
revolving the area of the region bounded by revolving the area of the region bounded by y = x2
y = 1 – x2 and x-axis, around x-axis. and y = x, about x-axis.
revolving the area of the region bounded by revolving the area of the region bounded by y = x2
y = x2 – 4 and x-axis about x-axis. and y = x, about y-axis.
y = 2x – 1, y-axis, y =1, y = 2 lines, about x-axis.
y2 = x + 4 , x = 2, y = 2, about x-axis.
8. Find the volume of solid figure generated by

revolving the area of the region bounded by
y = 2x2 – 1, y-axis, y = 0 and y = 3 about y-axis. revolving the area of the region bounded by
y = 6 – x2, y = 3, x = 1, x = 2 about y = 1.
revolving the area of the region bounded by 19. Find the volume of a cone with radius r = 3 cm
3
y = x , x-axis, x = 0 and x = 2 about y-axis. and altitude 4 cm by using integral.
y = 1 – x2, x-axis, x = 1 and x = 3 about y-axis. y = x2 + 1 and y = 3x – 1, about x-axis.

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y = 3x2 – 5x + 1 and y = x2 + 4x – 1, about y = x2 – 4 and y = 3x + 6 about x-axis.
x-axis.
22. Find the volume of solid figure generated by revolving the area of the region bounded by
revolving the area of the region bounded by y = x2 + 4 and y = 2 on the interval [1, 3] about
y = 5 – x2 and y = x2 + 3, about x-axis. x-axis.
23. Find the volume of solid figure generated by 32. Find the arclength of the curve y = x2 – 1 between

x = 0 and x = 1.
f(x) = –x2, g(x) = x2 – 3, about x-axis.
33. Find the arclength of the curve y = 2 ⋅ (x – 1)3/2

24. Find the volume of solid figure generated by on the interval [1, 2].

1 34. Find the circumference of circle (by using
f(x) = , x-axis, x = 1, x = 3 about y-axis. integral) whose radius is 5 cm.
x
25. Find the volume of solid figure generated by 35. Find the arclength of the parabola y2 = x on the
revolving the area of the region bounded by interval [0, 1].
1
f(x) = , x-axis, x = 1, x = 3 about x-axis. 36. Find the arclength of the graph y = x3/2 over [0, 1].
x
26. Find the volume of solid figure generated by 37. Find the arclength of the graph y = 3x + 1
revolving the area of the region bounded by between x = 0 and x = 4.
y = x2 + x + 1, x = 1, x = 2, x-axis about x-axis
for 90°. 38. Find the surface area of a sphere with radius
2 cm. (by using integration)
39. Find the surface area of a solid figure which is
y = ex, x = 1, x = 2, x-axis about x-axis for 120°.
generated by revolving the parabola y = x2 on the
interval [0, 1].
revolving the area of the region between y = tan 40. Find the surface area of the solid generated by
1
x and x-axis on the interval [0, ] about x-axis for 2 x3 / 2
x revolving the curve y = on [1, 2] about
3
180°.
x-axis.

41. Compute the surface area of the solid obtained by
rotating the graph of f(x) = ñx on the interval
y = 2x2 + 3x – 1 and y = x2 + x – 2 about x-axis,
[0, 1], about y-axis.
on [1; 3].
100 Integral
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
Applications of Integration The length of any curve (or line) between the points a
and b for a continuous and differentiable function f is:
Let f : [a, b] → \ be a continuous, positively defined
b
function (f(x) ≥ 0) then the area of the region L = ∫ 1+ ( f '( x) ) dx.
2
between y = f(x) and x-axis on the interval [a, b] is a
b If a function f(x) has a continuous first derivative on [a,

A = ∫ f ( x) dx b] then the area of the surface generated by revolving the
a curve about x-axis is
b
Let y = f(x) be any continuous function in the SAREA = 2 π ⋅ ∫ f ( x) ⋅ 1+ ( f ′( x) ) dx.
2
interval [a; b] then the area between y = f(x) and a
x - axis is
b
∫ f ( x) dx
a
Concept Check
The area between y = f(x), y-axis, y = m and y = n • How can we find the area by using the integral?
lines is
• How can we find the area between a function and x-axis
n
A = ∫ f ( y) dy if the function is under x-axis?
m
• How can we find the area between two curves if they
Let f(x) and g(x) be two curves then the area between intersect at countable number of points?
f(x) and g(x) on the interval [a, b] is • How can we find the area between a function and y-axis?
b • How can we find the volume of a function by using
A = ∫ [ f ( x) − g( x )] dx
a
integration ?
• How can we find the length of a curve on a closed
Let f(x) be a continuous function defined on [a; b] the
volume of the solid that we get by revolving the area interval [a, b]?
between f(x) and x-axis on [a, b] is • How can we find the area of revolution of a surface by
b using integral?
V = π ⋅ ∫ f 2 ( x) dx
a
Note 1
If we turn the figure around y-axis we should use
x = f(y) and integrate it with respect to dy.
d
V = π ⋅ ∫ f 2 ( y) dy.
c
Note 2
If we revolve the area between two curves f(x) and g(x)
on [a, b] interval then the volume of the solid
b
Figure will be: V = π ⋅ ∫ f 2 ( x) − g 2( x) dx.
a
Chapter Summary 101

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CHAPTER REVIEW TEST 3

1. In the figure 5. What is the area of the region bounded by the
3
graphs of y = x2 – 3x + 2, x-axis, x = 1 and
∫
−1
f ( x) dx =12 cm2
x = 3 lines?
and
1 5 7
6 A) B) C) 1 D) E) 21
6 6 12
∫
2
f ( x) dx = 5 cm 5
−3
What is the total area

of the shaded region ?
A) 7 B) 12 C) 17 D) 19 E) 21
6. What is the area of the region bounded by the

graphs of y = x3, y-axis and y = 8 line?
8 16
2. What is the area of the region bounded by the A) 12 B) C) D) 8 E) 17
3 3
graphs of y = 2x – 3, x – axis, x = 1 and x = 4
lines?
A) 6 B) 9 C) 10 D) 16 E) 21
7. What is the area of the region between the graphs

of y = x2 – 7x + 10 and y = x + 3 lines?
graphs of y = –x + 5, x-axis, x = 3 and x = 5 A) 33 B) 27 C) 18 D) 36 E) 42
lines?
A) 27 B) 13 C) 7 D) 3 E) 2
8. What is the area of the region between the graphs

4. What is the area of the region bounded by the of y = x2 – x + 1 and y = –x2 + 2x + 3
graph of y = x2 – 9 and x-axis?
146 68 125 17
A) B) C) D) E) 49
A) 27 B) 36 C) 28 D) 40 E) 49 7 3 4 2
102 Integral
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9. What is the area of the region bounded by the 13. What is the volume of the solid figure that we
graphs of y = sin 2x and x-axis on the interval generate by turning the area between the graphs
[0, π]? of y = x2 + 2 and y = 3 around x-axis?
27π 104 π 48π
A) 2 B) 4 C) 5 D) 3π E) 4π A) B) C)
5 15 5
163π 32π
D) E)
15 3
14. What is the volume of the solid figure that we

generate by turning the area between the graphs
graphs of y = 3x – 4, y-axis, y = 1 and y = 4
of y = 3x + 2 and y = x + 8 around x-axis on the
lines?
interval [0, 1]?
7 13 8 43
A) B) C) D) E) 10 178 π
3 2 5 7 A) 65π B) 27π C)
3
147 π 63π
D) E)
3 3

11. What is the volume of the solid figure that we generate by revolving the area of the region
generate by revolving the area between y = x and between the graphs of y = 3x – 1, y-axis, y = 1
x-axis around x-axis on the interval [0, 3]? and y = 2 lines around y-axis ?
π 27π 19π π 47π
A) B) 27π C) D) 27 E) 9π A) B) C)
3 2 27 3 9
17 π 2π
D) E)
5 3

generate by revolving the area of the region
12.What is the volume of the solid figure that we gen-
between the graphs of y = 2x – 1 and x-axis for
erate by revolving the area between
180° on the interval [0, 2]?
y = x2 + 1, x-axis, x = 0 and x = 1 lines around
x-axis? 21π 21π 14π
A) B) C)
3 4 3
19π 28π 17 π 7π
A) π B) C) 4π D) E) D) E) 5π
2 15 3 3
Chapter Review Test 1 103

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2 tashih

2 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL

If we revolve the area between two curves f(x) and y = f(x)

Applications of the Definite Integral 93

Solution Solve the equations together to find the intersection points.

Applications of the Definite Integral 95

Solution By using the formula we can get the answer.

EXAMPLE 21 Find the length (circumference) of a circle with radius 2.

Solution Lets take the circle x2 + y2 = 4.

C. AREAS OF SURFACE OF REVOLUTION (OPTIONAL)

Solution Lets take the circle x2 + y2 = 9 ⇒ y = ± 9 − x2 .

Applications of the Definite Integral 97

R EAL L IFE A PPLICATION

For example in table 1 there is a graph about a phone cell

In economics, statistics and business they use

Population = 25ñt + 20. (t is the year). Initially

We can use integral in many other places such as finding

8. Find the volume of solid figure generated by

Applications of the Definite Integral 99

33. Find the arclength of the curve y = 2 ⋅ (x – 1)3/2

29. Find the volume of solid figure generated by

between y = f(x) and x-axis on the interval [a, b] is a

b If a function f(x) has a continuous first derivative on [a,

interval [a; b] then the area between y = f(x) and a

Chapter Summary 101

CHAPTER REVIEW TEST 3

What is the total area

6. What is the area of the region bounded by the

7. What is the area of the region between the graphs

8. What is the area of the region between the graphs

14. What is the volume of the solid figure that we

15. What is the volume of the solid figure that we

16. What is the volume of the solid figure that we

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