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1 ANTIDERIVATIVE AND INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

A. DEFINITION OF THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
The set of all antiderivatives of a function is called the indefinite integral of the given
function.
Definition indefinite integral
Let F(x) be a differentiable function such that F′(x) = f(x). Then F(x) is called the primitive
or antiderivative of the function f(x), and the expression F(x) + c is called the indefinite
integral of f(x).

We write the indefinite integral as follows: ∫ f ( x) dx = F( x)+ c.

The different parts of the expression are as follows:

integral sign primitive of f(x)

∫ f ( x)dx = F( x)+ c
integrand differential constant of integration

The differential dx in the expression shows that we mean the indefinite integral with respect
to the variable x. We can also find the indefinite integral with respect to other variables, for
example:
∫ f (t) dt = F(t) + c.
We read the expression ∫ f ( x) dx as ‘the integral of f(x) with respect to x’. The process of
finding the integral of a function is called integration.
To find the integral of f(x) we ask the question: ‘the derivative of which function is f(x)’
In other words, integration is the reverse operation
of differentiation. This is why the integral is
sometimes called the antiderivative of a function,
plus a constant term. Let us look at some examples.

EXAMPLE 1 ∫ 2x dx = x
2
+c

(The derivative of x2 is 2x, so ∫ 2x d( x) = x

2
+ c. )

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EXAMPLE 2 ∫ 4x
3
dx = x4 + c

(The derivative of x4 is 4x3, so ∫ 4x

3
dx = x4 + c. )

EXAMPLE 3 ∫ sin x dx = – cos x+ c

(The derivative of –cos x is sin x, so ∫ sin x dx = – cos x+ c. )

In examples 1 to 3 we add a constant c to each primitive. Why do we use it? To understand

the reason, let us look at the derivatives of three different functions:
y = x2 , y′ = 2x;
2
y = x + 3, y' = 2x;
2
y = x – 6, y' = 2x.
We can see that the derivatives of the three functions are the same but the primitive
functions are different. In other words, the integral of 2x could be x2, or x2 + 3, or x2 – 6, or
any other expression of the form x2 + c, where c is a constant number (i.e. not a variable).
Similarly, the integral of 3x2 could be x3 + 7, or x3 – 12, or any expression of the form x3 + c.
In fact, when we find the indefinite integral of any function we need to add a constant term, c.
This constant is called the constant of integration.

Note
We must always use the constant of integration when finding an indefinite integral.

EXAMPLE 4 If f ′(x) = 2x and f(3) = 7 then find f(x).

Solution ∫ f ′( x) dx = ∫ 2 x dx = x
2
If f ′(x) = 2x then f(x) = +c
f(3) = 32 + c = 7
c = –2
2
So f(x) = x – 2.

EXAMPLE 5 ∫ dx = ?
Solution We know that dx = 1 ⋅ dx and y = x, y′ = 1.
So ∫ dx = ∫ 1 ⋅ dx = x + c.
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EXAMPLE 6 ∫ dy = ?
Solution This is the same as Example 5 except we need to integrate with respect to y. So ∫ dy = y + c.

EXAMPLE 7 ∫ d(tan x) = ?
Solution Using tan x as variable, ∫ d(tan x) = ∫1 ⋅ d(tan x) = tan x+ c.

B. PROPERTIES OF THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

1. The differential of the indefinite integral is equal to the expression after the integral sign:
d ∫ f ( x) dx = f ( x) dx.
2. The derivative of the indefinite integral is equal to the integrand:
d d
dx ∫ f ( x) dx= ∫
dx
f ( x) dx= f ( x).
The integral and derivative are inverse operations so they simplify each other.
3. The indefinite integral of the differential of a function is the same function with a constant
term added:
∫ dF( x) = F(x)+ c.
4. Constant multipliers can be taken outside of the integral sign:

∫ a ⋅ f ( x) dx = a ⋅ ∫ f ( x) dx.
5. The integral of the sum or difference of two functions is equal to the sum or difference of
the integrals of the given functions:

∫ [ f ( x) ± g( x)] dx = ∫ f (x) dx ± ∫ g(x) dx.

Proof To prove each property we will use the definition of integration: if F′(x) = f(x) then
∫ f ( x) dx = F( x) + c.
1. Differentiating both sides of the definition gives:

∫ f ( x) dx = F( x) + c
d ∫ f ( x) dx = dF( x ) + c = F ′(x ) dx + dx = f (x ) dx.

So ∫ f ( x) dx = f ( x) + dx.
2. Again, using the definition we get ( ∫ f ( x) dx)′ = (F(x) + c)′ = F′(x) + c′ = f(x) + 0 = f(x).
The proofs of properties 3 and 4 are left as an exercise for you.
5. Let us take the derivative of both sides of the statement to be proved:
( ∫ [ f ( x) ± g( x)] dx)′ = ( ∫ f ( x) dx ± ∫ g( x) dx) ′

f(x) ± g(x) = ( ∫ f ( x) dx)′ ± ( ∫ g( x) dx)′ = f(x) ± g(x).

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EXAMPLE 8 f ( x) = ∫ d( x3 – 2 x2 +1) is given. Find f(2) if f(1) = 0.

Solution Let us use the third property of integration:

f ( x) = ∫ d( x3 – 2 x2 +1) = x3 – 2x2 + 1 + c
f(1) = 13 – 2 ⋅ 12 + 1 + c = 0 ⇒ c = 0 and f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + 1
f(2) = 23 – 2 ⋅ 22 + 1 = 8 – 8 + 1 = 1.

EXAMPLE 9 ∫x
2
⋅ f ( x) dx = 3x4 + 4x3 – x2 is given. Find f(x). (x ≠ 0)

Solution We can use the second property of integration. Take the derivative of both sides:
d d
dx ∫
x2 ⋅ f ( x) dx = (3x4 + 4 x3 – x2 )
dx
x2 ⋅ f ( x) =12 x3 +12 x2 – 2 x

2
f ( x) =12 x +12 – .
x

EXAMPLE 10 Evaluate the integral ∫ (sin x – 3x

2
+ e x ) dx.

∫ (sin x – 3x + e x ) dx = ∫ sin x dx – ∫ 3 x 2 dx + ∫ e x dx.

2
Solution By the fifth property of integration,

But we know that, (cos x)′ = –sin x, (x3)′ = 3x2 and (ex)′ = ex,

so ∫ sin x dx – ∫ 3x dx + ∫ e dx = –cos x – x3 + ex + c.
2 x

EXAMPLE 11 f ′(x) = 12x3 + 6x2 – 4x – 5 and f(2) = 5 are given. Find the value of f(1).

Solution We can use the second, fourth and fifth properties of integration. Integrating both sides gives:

∫ f ′( x) dx = ∫ (12 x
3
+6 x2 – 4 x – 5) dx

f ( x) = ∫ 12 x3 dx + ∫ 6 x2 dx – ∫ 4 x dx – ∫ 5 dx

= 3 ⋅ ∫ 4 x3 dx + 2.∫ 3x2 dx – 2 ∫ 2 x dx – 5 ∫ dx

= 3 ⋅ x4 + c1 + 2 ⋅ x3 + c2 – 2 ⋅ x2 + c3 – 5x + c4
= 3x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 – 5x + (c1 + c2 + c3 + c4).

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However, the expression c1 + c2 + c3 + c4 is equal to any constant real number, so we can

replace it with the single constant c:
f(x) = 3x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 – 5x + c.
Now f(2) = 5 (given), so 5 = 3 ⋅ 24 + 2 ⋅ 23 – 2 ⋅ 22 – 5 ⋅ 2 + c = 48 + 16 – 8 – 10 + c = 46 + c.
So c = –41 and f(x) = 3x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 – 5x – 41, which means
f(1) = 3 ⋅ 14 + 2 ⋅ 13 – 2 ⋅ 12 – 5 ⋅ 1 – 41 = –43.

Check Yourself 1
1. Evaluate each integral by using the definition of integration.

∫ 6x ∫ 3sin x dx ∫ 4e
5 2x
a. dx b. c. dx

2. Use the properties of the indefinite integral to calculate each integral.

⎛ 1 ⎞
a. ∫ ( x3 + 4 x2 − 3x − 1) dx b. ∫ ⎜ 3 + 4cos x − e x ⎟ dx
⎝x ⎠

∫x
3
3. ⋅ f ( x) dx = x5 − 4x3 + 2 x2 +1 is given. Find f(x).

Answers
1. a. x6 + c b. –3cos x + c c. 2e2 + c
X

x4 4x3 3x2 1 12 4
2. a. + − − x+ c b. − + 4sin x − e x + c 3. f ( x) = 5x − +
4 3 2 2 x2 x x2

C. BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

We have seen that integration is the opposite of differentiation. Therefore we can take the
formulas we found for the derivative and ‘reverse’ them to obtain formulas for the integral of
a function. Let us look at each set of formulas in turn, along with some examples of their
application.

Note
The formulas in this section come from ‘reversing’ the formulas we found for the derivative.
We will not prove them here.

1. xn +1
a. ∫x
n
dx = +c n ≠ –1
n +1

b. ∫ a dx = ax + c for a ∈ R

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EXAMPLE 12 ∫x
3
dx = ?

x3+1 x4
Solution ∫ x dx =
3
Using formula 1a: + c = + c.
3+1 4

13
1
EXAMPLE ∫x 4
dx = ?

1 x−4+1 x−3 1
Solution ∫x 4
dx = ∫ x−4 dx =
−4 + 1
+c=
−3
+c= – 3 +c
3x

EXAMPLE 14 ∫ 3x
5
dx = ?

x6 x6
Solution ∫ 3x dx = 3∫ x5 dx = 3 ⋅
5
+c= +c
6 2

EXAMPLE 15 ∫ (3x
4
+ 4x3 – 2 x2 + x – 5) dx = ?

x5 x4 x3 x2
Solution ∫ (3x
4
+ 4x3 − 2 x2 + x − 5) dx = 3 +4 −2 + −5 x + c
5 4 3 2
3x5 2 x3 x2
= + x4 – + − 5x + c
5 3 2

Check Yourself 2
Evaluate the integrals.
x3 −3
∫x ∫(x
2
a. ∫ dx b. 2
dx c. – x3 + x4 ) dx
2

d. ∫ ( x − 1) x dx e. ∫ ( x +1)
2
dx f. ∫ (3x
3
+ 4x2 − x) dx

Answers
x4 3 x3 x4 x5
a. +c b. +c c. − + +c
8 x 3 4 5
2 x5 / 2 2 x3 / 2 x3 3x4 4x3 x2
d. – +c e. + x2 + x + c f. + – +c
5 3 3 4 3 2
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1
2. a. ∫x dx = ln| x |+ c

b. u '( x)dx
∫ u( x)
= ln| u( x)|+ c

EXAMPLE 16 1
∫y dy = ?

1
Solution ∫y dy = ln| y |+ c ( y′ =1)

EXAMPLE 17 2x
∫x 2
dx = ?

2x
Solution ∫x 2
dx = ln|x2| + c = ln x2 + c ((x2)′ = 2x and x2 ≠ 0)

EXAMPLE 18 cos x
∫ sin x dx

cos x
Solution ∫ sin x dx = ln|sin x| + c ((sin x)′ = cos x)

EXAMPLE 19 ∫ x−3
4
dx = ?

4
Solution ∫ x−3 dx = 4 ⋅ ln|x – 3| + c ((x – 3)′ = 1)

Check Yourself 3
Evaluate the integrals.
⎛1 1 1 ⎞ 5x5 + 2 x2 + 3x – 5 3
a. ∫ ⎜⎝ x – x2 – x3 ⎟⎠ dx b. ∫ x2
dx c. ∫ 1 + 5x dx

Answers
1 1 5 x4 5 3
a. ln| x |+ + 2 + c b. + 2 x + 3 ln| x|+ + c c. ln|5 x +1|+c
x 2x 4 x 5

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∫e
x
3. a. dx = e x + c

∫ e dx = e . ex is the only function with this

x x
In other words, if c = 0 then
property.
ax
∫a
x
b. dx = +c
ln a

EXAMPLE 20 ∫3
x
dx = ?

3x
Solution ∫3
x
dx = +c
ln 3

EXAMPLE 21 ∫4⋅5
x
dx = ?

4 ⋅ 5x
Solution ∫ 4 ⋅ 5 dx = 4 ⋅ ∫ 5 dx =
x x
+c
ln5

EXAMPLE 22 ∫ 4e
x
dx = ?

∫ 4e
x
Solution dx = 4e x + c

23 ∫7
4 x− 3
EXAMPLE dx = ?

(7 4 )x (7 4 )x 7 4x−3
Solution ∫ 7 dx = ∫
4 x− 3
dx = + c = +c
73 73 ⋅ ln7 4 4 ⋅ ln7

EXAMPLE 24 ∫ 5e
x +1
dx = ?

Solution ∫ 5e dx = 5e ⋅ ∫ e x dx = 5e ⋅ e x + c = 5e x +1 + c
x +1

Indefinite Integrals 9
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EXAMPLE 25 ∫e
3 x +1
dx = ?

∫e dx = e ⋅ ∫ ( e 3 )x dx
3 x+1
Solution

Let a = e 3, then

( e3 )x
=e⋅ +c
ln( e3 )

e3 x+1
= + c.
3

Note
We can make the following generalizations of formulas 3a and 3b:
1 ax + b
∫e
ax + b
dx = e + c, (1)
a
1 amx + n
∫ a dx =
mx + n
+c (2)
m ln a

EXAMPLE 26 ∫e
4 x −1
dx = ?

1 4 x −1
Solution ∫e
4 x −1
By (1) above, dx = e + c.
4

EXAMPLE 27 ∫5
3 x +1
dx = ?

Solution By (2) above,

1 53x+1 53 x+1
∫5
3 x+1
dx = +c= + c.
3 ln5 3 ln5

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Check Yourself 4
Evaluate the integrals.

a. ∫ 5 ⋅ 3x dx b. ∫ (2 x − 3x ) dx c. ∫ 65 x +1 dx d.
⎛ 4x + 3 ⎞
∫ ⎜⎝ 3 ⋅ 5
x+3
+ ⎟ dx
3 ⎠
e. ∫ 3e3 x dx f. ∫ 2e
(2 x − 3)
dx g. ∫2
4x−4
dx h. ∫4
ex + π
dx

Answers
x x x 5 x +1 x+3 x+3
a. 5 ⋅ 3 b. 2 – 3 + c c. 6 +c d. 3 ⋅ 5 + 4 +c
ln 3 ln 2 ln 3 5 ln6 ln5 3 ln 4
4x−6 2 ex + 2π −1
e. e3x + c f. e2x-3 + c g. 2 +c h. 2 +c
ln 2 e ⋅ ln 2

4. a. ∫ sin x dx = − cos x + c

1
b. ∫ sin( ax + b) dx = – cos( ax+ b)+ c
a

c. ∫ cos x dx = sin x + c

1
d. ∫ cos( ax + b) dx =
a
sin( ax + b)+ c

e. 1
∫ cos 2
x
dx = ∫ sec 2 x dx = ∫ (1+ tan 2 x) dx = tan x+ c

1 1
f. ∫ cos ( ax + b)
2
dx = ∫ sec 2 ( ax + b) dx =∫ (1+ tan 2( ax+ b) dx = tan( ax+ b)+ c
a

1
g. ∫ sin 2
dx = ∫ csc 2 xdx =∫ (1+ cot 2 x)dx = − cot x+ c
x

1 1
h. ∫ sin ( ax + b) dx = ∫ csc ( ax + b) dx = ∫(1+ cot ( ax+ b) dx = − a cot( ax+ b)+ c
2 2
2

1
i. ∫ 1 − x2
dx = arcsin x + c1 = − arccos x+ c2

j. 1
∫ 1+ x 2
dx = arctan x + c1 = − arccot x+ c2

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EXAMPLE 28 ∫ 4sin x dx = ?

Solution ∫ 4sin x dx = 4 ⋅ ∫ sin x dx = −4 ⋅ cos x+ c

EXAMPLE 29 ∫ sin 3x dx = ?
1
Solution ∫ sin 3x dx = − 3 cos 3x + c

EXAMPLE 30 ∫ cos(7 x + 3) dx = ?

1
Solution ∫ cos(7 x+ 3) dx = 7 sin(7 x+ 3)+ c

EXAMPLE 31 ∫ 5 ⋅ sin (2 x – 1) dx = ?

Solution ∫ 5 ⋅ sin (2 x – 1) dx = 5 ⋅ ∫ sin ( x – 1) dx

1
= 5⋅ ⋅ (– cos(2 x – 1)) + c
2
5
= – cos(2 x – 1)+ c
2

EXAMPLE 32 ∫ cos
1
2
3x
dx = ?

1 1
Solution ∫ cos 2
3x
dx =
3
⋅ tan 3 x + c

12 Integrals
 33 ∫ csc (5x − 3) dx = ?
2
EXAMPLE

1
∫ csc (5 x − 3) dx = − 5 ⋅ cot(5 x − 3)+ c
2
Solution

EXAMPLE 34 ∫ cos
2
x dx = ?

1+ cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx = ∫
2
Solution dx
2
1 cos 2 x
= ∫ dx + ∫ dx
2 2
x 1 1
= + c1 + . sin 2 x+ c2
2 2 2
x sin 2 x
= + +c
2 4

EXAMPLE 35 ∫ cot
2
x dx = ?

∫ cot x dx = ∫ (cot 2 x +1 − 1) dx
2
Solution

= ∫ (cot 2 x +1) dx − ∫ dx

= − cot x + c1 − x + c2

= − cot x − x − c

EXAMPLE 36 ∫ cos
2
3 x dx − ∫ sin 2 3 x dx = ?

Solution ∫ cos 3 x dx − ∫ sin 2 3 x dx = ∫(cos 2 3 x − sin 2 3 x) dx

2

= ∫ cos6 x dx

1
= sin6 x + c
6

Indefinite Integrals 13
 33 ∫ csc (5x − 3) dx = ?
2
EXAMPLE

1
∫ csc (5 x − 3) dx = − 5 ⋅ cot(5 x − 3)+ c
2
Solution

EXAMPLE 34 ∫ cos
2
x dx = ?

1+ cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx = ∫
2
Solution dx
2
1 cos 2 x
= ∫ dx + ∫ dx
2 2
x 1 1
= + c1 + . sin 2 x+ c2
2 2 2
x sin 2 x
= + +c
2 4

EXAMPLE 35 ∫ cot
2
x dx = ?

∫ cot x dx = ∫ (cot 2 x +1 − 1) dx
2
Solution

= ∫ (cot 2 x +1) dx − ∫ dx

= − cot x + c1 − x + c2

= − cot x − x − c

EXAMPLE 36 ∫ cos
2
3 x dx − ∫ sin 2 3 x dx = ?

Solution ∫ cos 3 x dx − ∫ sin 2 3 x dx = ∫(cos 2 3 x − sin 2 3 x) dx

2

= ∫ cos6 x dx

1
= sin6 x + c
6

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EXAMPLE 37 ∫ 3tan (2 x+1)

2
dx = ?

∫ 3tan (2 x + 1) dx = 3 ∫ tan 2(2 x +1) dx

2
Solution

= 3∫ (1 + tan 2(2 x + 1) −1) dx

1
= 3( tan(2 x+1) – x)+ c
2
3
= tan(2 x +1) − 3 x+ c
2

Check Yourself 5
Evaluate the integrals.
3 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
a. ∫ (sin x − cos x) 2 dx b. ∫ (2 sin x − 3cos x) c. ∫ 4 − 4 x2
dx d. ∫ ⎜⎝ cos 2
x
+ ⎟ dx
sin 2 x ⎠
e. ∫ sin 4x dx f. ∫ cos(5 x − 1) dx g. ∫ tan
2
2x h. ∫ cot (3x+1)
2
dx

5
i. ∫ sin j. ∫ 1+ x
2
x dx 2
dx

Answers
1 3
a. x + cos 2 x + c b. –2cos x – 3sin x + c c. arcsin x + c d. tan x – cot x + c
2 2
1 1 tan 2 x cot(3 x +1)
e. − cos 4 x + c f. sin(5 x − 1)+ c g. − x+ c h. − − x+ c
4 5 2 3
x sin x cos x
i. − +c j. 5arctan x + c
2 2

14 Integrals
 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1
1727)
Sir Isaac Newton is one of the greatest mathematicians in the history of mathematics.

Isaac was born in England in 1642. His father was a

farmer but he died before Isaac was born. Isaac’s
mather remarried when Isaac was two years old and left
Isaac in the care of his grandmother. Isaac went to
Trinity College, Cambridge in 1661.

At Cambridge, Newton want to be a lawyer, but first

studied philosophy. However, when he learned about the
work of Descartes in algebra and analytic geometry he
decided to study mathematics and mechanics. He
studied mathematics and physics until the University closed in 1665 because of the
plague. Then he went home to Lincolnshire for two years.

While Isaac was at home he studied mathematics, optics, physics and astronomy. In
this period of two years he established the beginnings of differential and integral
calculus, independent from the discoveries of another mathematician, Leibniz. He also
made discoveries concerning the area of the region under a curve, the tangent of a curve
at a point, and the maxima, minima and arc lengths of curves.

In 1669, at the age of twenty ýseven, Isaac returned to Cambridge University and
became a professor of mathematics. Then he studied optics. In 1672 he was elected to
the Royal Society.

Newton’s greatest works were about physics, mechanics and optics. He also he
discovered the rules of gravity, and made important discoveries in calculus.

Newton wrote his most famous book, the Principia Mathematica, in 1687. In the
Principia, Newton described his work in physics and its applications in astronomy and
mathematics. Some people today consider the Principia to be one of the greatest science
books ever written.

In 1693, Newton suffered a nervous breakdown so he stopped his research and took up a
government position in London. In 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society.
In 1708, Queen Anne knighted Newton, and he became Sir Isaac Newton. He was the
first scientist to be so honored.

Isaac Newton died on 31 March 1727 in London.

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EXERCISES 1 .1
A. Definition of the Indefinite Integral 5. f ′(x) = 5x2 – 4x + 1 and f(1) = 3 are given. Find
f(3).
1. Evaluate the integrals.
a. ∫ dw b. ∫ dz

c. ∫ d cos x d. ∫ d( x
3
+ 3x2 − 1)

6. Evaluate the integrals.

a. ∫ (cos x + 4 x3 − 2 e2 x ) dx

b. (5x3 − 3x2 +5) dx c. 5dx

∫ ∫ 1+ x 2

d. e.
∫ 7x ∫ cos 4x dx
8
B. Properties of the Indefinite Integral dx

2. Given f(x) = ∫ d( x2 − 1) and f(1) = 2, find f(5). f. g.

∫ 7 ⋅ sin x dx ∫5⋅ e
3x
dx

h. (2 cos 3 x + 4sin x − 4 e5 x ) dx
∫

3. ∫ x ⋅ f (x) dx = x
2
+5x +1 is given. Find f(x).

C. Basic Integration Formulas

7. Evaluate the integrals, using the basic formulas
for integration.

a. b.
∫x ∫ 4 dx
5
dx
1
c.
∫x
−3
dx d. ∫x 5
dx

1 1 1
e. f. ∫ (
∫ 3x + − ) dx
7
dx
x3 x6 x9
4. ∫x
3
⋅ f ( x ) dx = x5 − 4x3 − x +1 is given. Find f(2). g. h. (3x2 + 4x − 1) dx
∫8 ⋅ e ∫
2x
dx

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8. Evaluate the integrals, using the basic formulas 10. Evaluate the integrals, using the basic formulas
for integration. for integration .
x3
a.
∫ dx a. ∫ sin 4x dx b. ∫ cos5 x dx
x3 4 5
3 x2
c. ∫ cos 2
x
dx d. ∫ sin 2
2x
dx
b. ∫ 3 dx
x
∫ 4 ⋅ sec ∫ tan
2 2
e. 4 x dx f. x dx
1 1
c. ∫ ( 2 + +1+ x) dx 3
x x g. ∫ (cot h. ∫
2
x + 2) dx dx
1 − x2
d. ∫ (sin x + cos x) dx 4
i. ∫x dx j. x2 +5
2
+1 ∫x 2
+1
dx
x
e. ∫x 2
dx k. ∫ 5 ⋅ cos(8 x − 4) dx l.
∫
1
dx
1 − 4 x2
5 5
f. ∫ x +1 dx m.
∫ 9x 2
+1
dx n. ∫ sin
2
x dx

1 o. ∫ cot p. ∫ (tan 2 x − 1) dx
2
x dx
g. ∫ x − 1 dx
4x3 + 3x2 − 4x +1
h. ∫ x2
dx

9. Evaluate the integrals, using the basic formulas

for integration.

∫ e dx
5x
a. ∫ e dx b.
2x

c. ∫ 3 ⋅ e dx 2x
d. ∫ 5 ⋅ e7 x+2
dx

e. ∫ 7 ⋅ e dxx−2
f. ∫ 2
2 x+1
dx

g. ∫ 5 dxx
h. ∫ 6
2 x −1
dx

i. ∫ 4 3x− 4
dx j. ∫ 3 dx
3x

k. ∫ 10 dx x +1
l. ∫ 4 ⋅ 32 x –1
dx

Indefinite Integrals 17