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DBMS 2

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10 views5 pages

DBMS 2

Uploaded by

pushkarwaykole73
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is DBMS and how does it differ from RDBMS?

DBMS manages data; RDBMS organizes data into related tables (PostgreSQL is RDBMS).

2. What are the ACID properties?

Atomicity: All-or-nothing.

Consistency: Data remains valid.

Isolation: Transactions don't interfere.

Durability: Committed data is permanent.

3. What is normalization?

Organizing data to reduce redundancy; 1NF (atomic data), 2NF (full dependency), 3NF
(no transitive dependency).

4. Primary vs. Foreign Key?

Primary: Unique identifier for a row.

Foreign: Refers to a primary key in another table.

5. What is a transaction?

A unit of work ensuring ACID properties; handled via COMMIT and ROLLBACK.

6. What are joins?

Combining data from multiple tables. Types: Inner, Left, Right, Full.

7. What is indexing?

A structure that improves query speed by reducing data retrieval time.

1. What is PostgreSQL?

Open-source RDBMS with advanced features like JSON, MVCC, and custom data types.
2. PostgreSQL features?

Extensibility, JSON/JSONB, MVCC, inheritance.

3. pgAdmin?

GUI tool for PostgreSQL database management.

4. psql?

Command-line interface for managing PostgreSQL databases.

5. CTE (Common Table Expression)?

A temporary result set used in complex queries.

6. Full-text search in PostgreSQL?

Uses tsvector and tsquery for searching text efficiently.

7. JSON vs. JSONB?

JSON stores raw text; JSONB stores data in binary for faster querying.

8. Roles and permissions?

Roles control access to database objects via GRANT and REVOKE.

1. What is a view?

Virtual table presenting data from other tables.

2. Stored procedure vs. function?

Procedure performs actions; function returns values.


3. What is a trigger?

Automatically executes SQL statements on table events.

4. Clustered vs. Non-clustered index?

Clustered: Sorts table data; Non-clustered: Separate structure.

5. DELETE vs. TRUNCATE vs. DROP?

DELETE: Removes rows.

TRUNCATE: Removes all rows.

DROP: Deletes the table.

6. OLTP vs. OLAP?

OLTP: Handles transactions.

OLAP: Analytical processing on large datasets.

7. Types of relationships?

1:1, 1:M, M:M (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many).

8. What is referential integrity?

Ensures foreign keys match valid primary keys.

9. UNION vs. UNION ALL?

UNION removes duplicates; UNION ALL keeps all records.

10. What is a transaction log?

Records changes to help recover from failures.

11. What is sharding?


Distributing data across multiple servers for scalability.

12. Hierarchical vs. Network vs. Relational models?

Hierarchical: Tree.

Network: Graph.

Relational: Tables.

13. What is data redundancy?

Repeated data; normalization reduces it.

14. What is a composite key?

A combination of two or more columns that uniquely identifies a row.

15. What is a subquery?

A query within another query.

16. Correlated vs. Non-correlated subquery?

Correlated: Depends on the outer query.

Non-correlated: Independent.

17. What are constraints?

Rules for columns (e.g., primary key, foreign key, unique, not null).

18. What is deadlock?

Circular wait for resources; avoided by prevention, detection, or timeouts.

19. What is a materialized view?

Precomputed and stored result of a query.


20. What is RAID?

A method to improve storage reliability and performance through disk arrays (RAID 0, 1,
5).

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