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Unit test 4A
1 Read the article. What is it about? become endangered. Environmentalists argue that the answer is a The best way to preserve habitats and not to recreate species in the laboratory, but to work to preserve the habitats of all animals so that they can continue to thrive in the wild. save species from extinction. b Using cloning to recreate extinct species 1 point for a correct answer 1 or save animals from extinction. c Understanding why species become 2 Read the article again. Choose the extinct. correct answers. d Using cloning to create new species. 1 When scientists clone an animal they … . e The dangers of cloning for humans. a change its genes b add new genes to its reproductive cells It sounds like something from a science fiction movie – the idea c use material from a single cell to create of bringing back to life creatures that became extinct thousands a new animal of years ago. But it seems that the idea could soon move from 2 Roger Marshall believes that … . fiction to fact. Scientists are improving their ability to use the a it will never be possible to clone a technique of cloning, in which they use the genetic material from woolly mammoth just one cell from an animal to ‘grow’ a new version of the animal. In May 2007, a scientist in Japan successfully cloned mice that b sooner or later, scientists will discover had been frozen for 16 years. A group of American scientists the full mammoth genome think that this achievement could open the door to using frozen c it will soon be possible to recreate a remains of ancient woolly mammoths to reproduce the animals woolly mammoth themselves. They have been working for several years on a plan 3 Scientists at San Diego Zoo … . of what exactly they are going to ‘build’ from the single cell that a have brought frozen animals back to life they start with. In 2009, a group of American scientists published a paper which contained 70% of the mammoth genome – that’s a b would like to try their successful list of all the genes the mammoth has. This leaves just 30% to techniques on other species figure out, and scientist Roger Marshall believes that ‘it’s just a c believe that their technique would not matter of time before this happens’. be successful with species that are already extinct Other scientists are focusing on a more immediate problem – can 4 According to some people, the problem they use cloning to save species that have recently been wiped with bringing back extinct animals is that out or are in danger of being wiped out now? Some zoos, like the …. San Diego Zoo, keep ‘frozen zoos’, in which they retain genetic material from endangered species. In 2003, scientists at San a they would have no prey to eat Diego Zoo successfully cloned two bantengs, an endangered b there would be too many predators for species of ox. They did it by inserting genes from a banteng into them the reproductive cells of a domestic cow. The cow then gave birth c there is no wild habitat for them to live to a healthy baby banteng. They are extending their experiments in and using similar techniques to try to clone other species in 5 Environmentalists want to … . danger of extinction, such as giant pandas, or to recreate extinct species like the Pyrenean ibex and the Tasmanian tiger. But a recreate the habitats of extinct species some people are raising ethical objections to this work. For in zoos example, mammoths, like their modern relatives, elephants, were b better maintain the environment of intelligent and sociable animals. Some scientists argue that it living species wouldn’t be fair to clone a single animal and keep it in captivity. c reintroduce extinct species in the wild
There are similar objections to cloning endangered or recently-
1 point for each correct answer 5 extinct species. A lot of these species are in danger because their habitat has disappeared, so there would be nowhere in the natural world for them to live. Furthermore, a lot of species are already in 3 Cross out the modal verb in italics decline in the wild due to climate change and human activities. If which is NOT possible. you suddenly reintroduce a new predator like the Tasmanian tiger, smaller creatures will become its prey, and these species may then
1 She looks so young. She can’t / mustn’t / 4 Cycling in the city must / should / may / couldn’t / might not be his mother. can be dangerous. 2 He’s not answering the phone. He should / 5 There were dozens of people there. may / might / must have gone out. Somebody must / can / should / will have 3 It’s four o’clock. Our guests will / should / seen something. may / can be here soon. 6 The shop was closed on Sunday, so I can’t / couldn’t / won’t / mustn’t have bought it then. 7 Look! Jack’s with a girl. It must / could / may / can be his new girlfriend. 8 I heard a loud noise; it may / could / might / should have been a motorbike. 9 Jim wasn’t at the meeting – he might / may / can / could have been off work that day. 10 They forecast rain tomorrow, but it might not / could not / won’t / may not happen.
1 point for each correct answer 10
4 Choose the correct modal verbs in
italics to complete the text. One of the greatest unsolved art mysteries (1) must / should be the Gardner heist. In 1990, 13 artworks, worth an estimated $500 million, by artists such as Manet, Vermeer, and Rembrandt, were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, USA. After almost 25 years, detectives (2) could / can finally be getting closer to tracking down the missing artworks. The FBI say that they (3) may / will have important new information about the location of the paintings, and that some of the missing artwork (4) will / might even have been seen in a garage in the USA. Over the years, there has been considerable speculation about who (5) should / might have stolen the paintings. Many people claim that they (6) must / should have been stolen by the mafia as only they were organized enough for such a large crime. But why did they steal them? If they sold the paintings, it (7) shouldn’t / won’t have been easy as they’re too famous to be sold at auction. However, they (8) should / could
Some people fear that they (9) would / might 1 point for each correct answer 10 have been destroyed by the criminals. Whatever the case may be, what (10) can / 6 Complete the second sentence so that may have happened to them remains a it has a similar meaning to the first. mystery. We can only hope that now that Use a modal verb and up to four extra they have been spotted, it (11) might not / words. could not be long before they are found 1 Maybe your team won’t lose next time. again. Your team might not lose next time. 2 It’s possible Jamie was there, but I didn’t 1 point for each correct answer 11 notice him. 5 Match sentences 1–10 with functions a– e. There are two examples of each Jamie _______________________ there, but I function. didn’t notice him.
1 Chang would stay out late and sleep all 3 I’m sure you were surprised when you day. heard ______ the news.
2 The judge says Charley must pay all his You _______________________ surprised speeding fines. ______ when you heard the news.
3 You can go to the party tonight if you 4 Perhaps she isn’t working today. finish your homework. ______ She _______________________ today. 4 Perhaps you ought to reconsider the job offer. ______ 5 You may leave the table if you have finished. ______ 6 I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m busy just now. ______ 7 My mother would always bake a cake on Sundays. ______ 8 You could always write her a letter. ______ 9 Julia has to report to the police station today. ______ 10 Sorry, I’d love to, but I can’t make it tonight. ______
a permission b obligation c habit d refusal e advice
5 It would have been a good idea to warn us B Thanks, but you ____________ bothered, about it’s been cancelled. the ice. 8 A Why are you always late? You _______________________ about the ice. B You ____________ ! You’re never on time. 6 It isn’t necessary to pay in advance. 9 A I sent her a present to thank her. You _______________________ in advance. B I ____________ so, too. She’s been so kind to you. 7 It was a mistake to go to that party last night. 1 point for each correct answer 9 We _______________________ that party last night. 8 It was really unnecessary to buy so many clothes. She _______________________ so many clothes. 9 I expect they will be here soon. They _______________________ here soon.
1 point for each correct answer 8
7 Complete the sentences with a phrase
from the box.
should think might want wouldn’t he can
talk needn’t have shouldn’t have must you might could have sworn
1 A He’s done it again! He’s locked himself
out of the house. B Well he would, ____________ . That’s just like him. 2 A Happy Birthday! Do you like the present? B Wow! It’s so beautiful! You really ____________ ! 3 ____________ eat so loudly! It’s very irritating. 4 Hi, I’m Jenny. And, who ____________ you be? 5 Have you seen my mobile anywhere? I ____________ I left on the table. 6 A Ready to go? B You ____________ to wear a coat – it’s pretty cold outside. 7 A I’ve emailed Sally about the meeting.
8 Choose the correct option a, b, or c to interest on her credit card.
complete the idiom. 8 Don’t mention Matt’s weight to him. It’s a 1 It’s a _______ conclusion that Sam will get bit of a s_______ point. the job. He’s easily the most qualified candidate. a mixed b wishful c forgone 2 Conflict is to be avoided at all costs. War must only be a _______ resort. a last b end c final 3 I’ll put the document in the post. On second _______ , I’ll drop it off at your office. a ideas b notions c thoughts 4 Mani wasn’t very hard working, but his _______ grace was his sense of humour. a saving b fine c level 5 She cancelled the wedding after she got _______ feet at the last minute. a chilly b itchy c cold 6 Opponents of genetic modification claim that it’s a _______ slope that could lead to designer babies. a level b fine c slippery
1 point for each correct answer 6
9 Complete the idioms with a word. The
first letter has been given. 1 There’s a f_______ line between genius and insanity. 2 The chest infection was the wake-up c_______ John needed to quit smoking. 3 The regulations ensure fairness so that we are all on a l_______ playing field. 4 ‘What are the rules about paid overtime?’ ‘It’s a bit of a g_______ area, really. Technically, they should pay it, but they never do.’ 5 Ken’s got i_______ feet and is looking to move abroad again. 6 I might apply for this job, but it’s a l_______ shot. I think they’re looking for someone with more experience. 7 She got a bit of a r_______ deal from her bank. They started charging her 25%
Unit test 4A 9 ‘Once I’ve published my book, I’ll retire to A Sure. No problem. Is there (6) a tropical island.’ ‘Sounds like w_______ ______________ leave it a bit early. I have a thinking to me!’ doctor’s appointment. 10 Their victory was a f_______ conclusion.
1 point for each correct answer 10
10 Match sentence beginnings 15 with
endings ae. 1 I was wondering if you could ______ 2 Would you mind ______ 3 Is there any chance my colleague ______ 4 Could you possibly stop ______ 5 Would it be alright if I ______
a could attend the meeting also?
b possibly show me the way to the bank? c holding my bag while I look for my ticket? d arrived a little late tomorrow? e making so much noise?
1 point for each correct answer 5
11 Complete the dialogue with the phrases
in the box.
any chance I could don’t suppose you could
I wonder if it might be an idea I was
thinking would it be would you mind
A (1) ______________ alright if I worked from
home tomorrow? (2) ______________ I might ask Pedro if he could attend tomorrow’s meeting in my place. B I (3) ______________ work from home on Friday instead? I think it would be useful for you to be at the meeting. A OK, that’s fine. In that case, (4) ______________ for Pedro to come anyway so he can learn about the project. B OK, that’s a good idea. (5) ______________ briefing him about the meeting beforehand so he knows what it’s about?
B OK. But in that case, (7) ______________ you could ask Pedro to take notes during the meeting. A Sure, I’ll ask him to do that. Thanks.
1 point for each correct answer 7
12 Translate the sentences.
1 Our guests should be arriving around six o’clock. ____________________________________ 2 It must have been difficult not to have lost
your temper. ____________________________________ 3 It won’t have been Mary who you met. She’s away at the moment. ____________________________________ 4 You needn’t have bought more paper, we’ve already loads of it. ____________________________________ 5 That’s very kind of you. You shouldn’t have! ____________________________________ 6 She will keep on buying new clothes! I can’t stop her. ____________________________________ 7 I wonder if you could tell me when you’ll be able to finish the work by? ____________________________________ 8 This might be a bit of a mixed blessing. ____________________________________ 9 Do you think it would be alright if I invite a
