MIS2023-Lecture 5
MIS2023-Lecture 5
Information Systems,
Organizations, & Strategy
Management Information
Learning Systems
Objectives
3
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization & Information Systems
4
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization & Information Systems (Cont.)
▪ Technical Definition
– Stable, formal social structure that takes resources from environment and
processes them to produce outputs
– A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social
structure
• هيكل اجتماعي رسمي مستقر يأخذ الموارد من البيئة ويعالجها إلنتاج النواتج
باإلضافة إلى هيكل اجتماعي، • كيان قانوني رسمي له قواعد وإجراءات داخلية
▪ Behavioral Definition
– A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that is
delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict
resolution
• مجموعة من الحقوق واالمتيازات وااللتزامات والمسؤوليات التي يتم موازنتها بدقة على مدى فترة زمنية من خالل النزاع
وحل النزاعات
6
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization- Definitions (Cont.)-
The Technical Microeconomic Definition
الحقوق واأللتزامات
اإلمتيازات والمسئوليات
القيم
األعراف
9
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
• قواعد وإجراءات وممارسات دقيقة تم تطويرها للتعامل واقعيا ً مع جميع المواقف المتوقعة
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Routine & Business Processes & Firms(Cont.)
11
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Polities
▪ People in organizations occupy different positions with
different specialties, concerns, and perspectives.
.▪ يشغل األشخاص في المنظمات مناصب مختلفة باختصاصات واهتمامات ووجهات نظر مختلفة
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Polities
14
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Culture
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Environments
▪ Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship
▪ المنظمات والبيئات لها عالقة متبادلة
▪ Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and
physical environment
▪ المنظمات منفتحة وتعتمد على البيئة االجتماعية والمادية
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Environments (Cont.)
Environments And Organizations Have A Reciprocal Relationship
المؤسسات المالية
▪ Environments shape what organizations can do, but organizations can influence their
environments and decide to change environments altogether.
▪ Information technology plays a critical role in helping organizations perceive
environmental change and in helping organizations act on their environment.
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Organization (Cont.)-
The Features of Organizations (Cont.)-
Organization Structure
هيكل تنظيمي لشركات األعمال الريادية شركة صغيرة وناشئة في بيئة سريعة التغير.
لديها هيكل بسيط ويديرها رجل أعمال يعمل
كرئيس تنفيذي واحد.
– Goals
– Constituencies مؤسسات الدولة
– Leadership Styles أساليب القيادة
– Tasks
– Surrounding Environments
20
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Disruptive Technology (Riding the Wave)
)التكنولوجيا المخربة (ركوب الموجه
▪ Sometimes a technology and resulting business innovation comes along
to radically change the business landscape and environment.
.في بعض األحيان تأتي التكنولوجيا واالبتكار التجاري الناتج لتغيير جذري في مشهد األعمال والبيئة ▪
̶ Examples: The car substituted for the horse-drawn carriage; the word
processor for typewriters; the Apple iPod for portable CD players; digital
photography for process film photography.
لمشغالت األقراص المضغوطةApple iPod .▪ السيارة المستبدلة بعربة تجرها الخيول ؛ معالج الكلمات لآلالت الكاتبة
المحمولة ؛ التصوير الرقمي لعملية تصوير الفيلم
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
Disruptive Technology (Riding the Wave) (Cont.)
▪ In these cases, entire industries are put out of business. In other cases,
disruptive technologies simply extend the market, usually with less
functionality and much less cost, than existing products. Eventually
they turn into low-cost competitors for whatever was sold before.
، تعمل التقنيات التخريبية ببساطة على توسيع السوق، و في حاالت أخرى. يتم إيقاف الصناعات بأكملها،في هذه الحاالت ▪
في النهاية يتحولون إلى منافسين منخفضي التكلفة مقابل كل ما تم.عادةً بوظائف أقل وتكلفة أقل بكثير من المنتجات الحالية
.بيعه من قبل
22
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Economic Impact
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Economic Impact (Cont.)-
Transaction Cost Theory
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Economic Impact (Cont.)-
Agency Theory نظرية الوكالة
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Organization & Behavioral Impact
▪ IT Flattens Organizations
– Decision making pushed to lower levels صناعة القرار تمرر من قبل مستويات اإلدارة األقل
– Fewer managers needed (IT enables faster decision making and increases
span of control)
)من المستحسن عدد أقل من المديرين ( حيث تمكن تقنية المعلومات من اتخاذ قرارات أسرع وتزيد من نطاق التحكم ̶
▪ Postindustrial Organizations
– Organizations flatten because in postindustrial societies, authority
increasingly relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal
positions
تعتمد السلطة بشكل متزايد على المعرفة والكفاءة بدالً من المواقف،تتسطح المنظمات ألنه في مجتمعات ما بعد الصناعة ̶
الرسمية
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Organization & Behavioral Impact (Cont.)-
Flattening Organizations
27
Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Organization & Behavioral Impact (Cont.)
المعلومات
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Organization & Behavioral Impact (Cont.)
▪ Implementing information
systems has consequences
for task arrangements,
structures, and people.
▪ تنفيذ نظم المعلومات له عواقب على ترتيبات المهام
. واألشخاص، والهياكل،
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Management Information Systems
Information Systems, Organization & Strategy
How Information Systems Impact Organization & Business Firms-
Organization & Behavioral Impact (Cont.)
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