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Basic Course

- Srujan

July 12, 2020

Agenda
 Introduction to Engineering Drawing
 Introduction to sketching
 Co-ordinate systems
 Views
 Introduction to AutoCAD
 Basic geometry creation tools
 Object properties
 Basic geometry modification tools
 Annotations
 Parametric Constraints

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Session 1 Outline
 Introduction to Engineering drawing
 Types of Engineering drawing
 Introduction to sketching
 Co-ordinate systems
 Views
 Origin of AutoCAD
 Exploring GUI
 Display controls
 Drawing settings
 Drafting settings

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Engineering Drawing
 It is the representation of drawings with technical details
 It clearly defines the requirements like views, angle of projections etc.
 It is a graphical language and a common mode of communication to all engineers
 Uses Annotations and Symbols

Need?

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Engineering Drawing types
Civil Engineering Drawings Mechanical Drawings Electrical drawings
 Site Plan  Part / Machine Drawing  Circuit diagram
 Floor Plan  Production Drawing  Wiring diagram
 Elevation Plan  Assembly Drawing  Wiring schedule
 Section Plan  Block diagram
 Detail Drawing
 Parts list
 Component Drawing
 Structural Drawing

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Mechanical Engineering Drawing
Type 1: Machine Drawing (Representing part with dimensions)

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Mechanical Engineering Drawing
Type 2: Production Drawing (Representing part suitable for manufacturing)

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Mechanical Engineering Drawing
Type 3: Assembly Drawing (Representing Assembled components with views)

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Mechanical Engineering Drawing
Type 3: Assembly Drawing (Representing exploded views of assembly)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 1: Site Plan (Representing Topographic view of particular area)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 2: Floor Plan (Representing Top view of each floor of building)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 3: Elevation Plan (Representing all orthographic views except top and bottom view)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 4: Sectional Drawing (Representing details under vertical slice of building)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 5: Detail Drawing (Representing details of selected area)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 6: Component Drawing (Representing structural and dimensional details of selected
component)

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Civil Engineering Drawing
Type 7: Structural Drawing (Representing skeleton of a structure)

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Electrical Engineering Drawing
Type 1: Block diagram

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Electrical Engineering Drawing
Type 2: Circuit diagram

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Electrical Engineering Drawing
Type 3: Wiring diagram

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Electrical Engineering Drawing
Type 3: Wiring schedule

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Electrical Engineering Drawing
Type 5: Part list

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Sketching

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Sketching

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Sketching

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Sketching

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Co-ordinate System
Types:
 Cartesian Co-ordinate system (x & y)
 Absolute Co-ordinate system
 Relative Co-ordinate system
 Polar / Relative Polar Co-ordinate system (Distance & angle)

+ve 90° (North)

CCW
-ve +ve 180° (West) 0° (East)

-ve 270° (South)

Sign Convention for Cartesian Sign Convention for Polar

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Absolute Co-ordinate System
Syntax: (x,y)

27 Global Co-ordinate system or World Co-ordinate system

Absolute Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

(x-direction
movement)

(y-direction
movement)

28 Global Co-ordinate system or World Co-ordinate system

Absolute Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

(x-direction
movement)

(y-direction
movement)

29 Global Co-ordinate system or World Co-ordinate system

Relative Co-ordinate System
Syntax: (@x,y)

30 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Relative Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

(x-direction
movement)

(y-direction
movement)

31 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Relative Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

(x-direction
movement)

(y-direction
movement)

32 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Polar Co-ordinate System
Syntax: (@d<a)

33 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Polar Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

34 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Polar Co-ordinate System

(Origin)

35 Local Co-ordinate system or User Co-ordinate system

Views
1. Parallel Views (Parallel lines appear parallel)
2D Views

i. Primary Views (Orthographic Views) ii. Secondary Views

i. Front View i. Section Views
ii. Top View ii. Detailed Views
iii. Right Side View iii. Clipping Views
iv. Left Side View
v. Bottom View
vi. Rear View

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Views
1. Parallel Views (Parallel lines appear parallel)
3D Views

i. Isometric View
ii. Dimetric View
iii. Trimetric View

2. Perspective Views (Parallel lines don’t appear parallel)

1. 1 point perspection
2. 2 point perspection
3. 3 point perspection

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Orthographic Views

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Orthographic Views

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Section View

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Detail View

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Clipping View

Before clipping After clipping

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3D Views
Isometric View
 Iso (Same), Metric (Measurement)
 Total angle on 2D plane = 360°
 Real proportion engineering views
 Angle between x & y, y & z, x & z
360°/3 = 120°
y x

30° 30°

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3D Views
Di-metric View
 Di (Two), Metric (Measurement)
 Two measurement to be equal
 Used usually in video games

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3D Views
Tri-metric View
 Tri (Three), Metric (Measurement)
 All measurements are unequal

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Perspective Views
Looks like the parallel lines converge at a point to human eyes after certain distance

1 point 2 point 3 point

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Introduction to AutoCAD
 It is commercial CAD (Computer Aided Design) software
 It is Application Program Interface (API)
 One of the most well-known 2D designing software
 Import and Export drawings and designs also possible
 Most widely used by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city
planners etc.

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Origin of AutoCAD
 1977: Invented by John Walker and named as Interact CAD
 1979: Version 1.0 release
 1982: Became Commercial
 2000: Autodesk purchased and renamed as AutoCAD
 2020: Latest version got released as AutoCAD 2021

AutoCAD Logo Transformations

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Getting Started with AutoCAD
Download the software using following links:
 For Windows: (Life-time access)
 https://getintopc.com/softwares/autodesk-autocad-2021-free-download-5147166/
 https://getintopc.com/softwares/3d-cad/autodesk-autocad-2020-x64-free-download-4765508/
 https://getintopc.com/softwares/3d-cad/autocad-2016-free-download-6750005/

 For Mac: (Life-time access)

 https://getintopc.com/softwares/3d-cad/download-autodesk-autocad-2017-dmg-for-mac-os-9443869/

 For Windows (1year Free License: Student Version) – Sign-in required*

 https://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/autocad

 For Mac (1year Free License: Student Version) – Sign-in required*

 https://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/autocad-for-mac

After installation, Double click the AutoCAD icon to start

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Welcome page
 Start Drawing
 Start drawing using Templates
 Recent files
 Connect (for Cloud storage)

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GUI

51 Graphical User Interface

GUI
 Application Menu  Working Area
 Quick Access Toolbar  View Port Control
 Title Bar  View Display
 Information Centre  UCS
 Menu Bar  View Cube
 Panels  Navigation Toolbar
 File Tabs  Command bar
 Layout Tabs  Customization Toolbar

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File Management
 New
 Open
 Save
 Save As
 Export
 Print
 Publish
 Drawing Utilities
 Options
 Exit

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Saving formats
 .dwg - Drawing (AutoCAD default)
 .dwt - Drawing template
 .dxf - Data Exchange Format / Data Interchange format
 .iges - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
 .stp - Standards for exchange of Product
 .pdf - Portable Document Format

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Display Controls: Navigation Bar

Display Control Operation Method

Pan Middle Mouse Button
Zoom Scroll
Rotate / Orbit Shift + Middle Mouse Button
Redraw Type “RED”
Regen Type “RE”
Clean Screen Type “CLE” (Select On / Off)

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Display Controls: View Cube

1 Home
2 Ortho Rotate
3 Cube
4 Compass
5 WCS Menu

Click on Top During Rotation Click on Home Button

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Drawing Settings
Set Units:
 Two Types of Units in Engineering World: (Metric and Imperial)
 AutoCAD has 5 types
 Engineering
 Decimal
 Fractional
 Scientific
 Architectural

 Angle units can also be set

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Drawing Settings
Set Limits:
 Page size can be set
 Boundary for drawings can be defined
 Scaling of model can be done to suit page limit

Sample
Representation

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Drafting Settings
Function Keys
 F1: Help (online/offline)
 F2: Command List (Show/Hide)
 F3: Object Snapping (Osnap) (ON/OFF)
 F4: 3D Object Snapping (3D Osnap) (ON/OFF)
 F5: Isoplane (Isoplane Right, Isoplane Left, Isoplane Top) (ON/OFF)
 F6: Dynamic UCS (ON/OFF)

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Drafting Settings
Function Keys
 F7: Grids display (ON/OFF)
 F8: Ortho (ON/OFF)
 F9: Grid Snap (ON/OFF)
 F10: Polar Tracking (ON/OFF)
 F11: Object Snap Tracking (ON/OFF)
 F12: Dynamic Input (ON/OFF)

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Session 2
 Geometry Creation – Basics
 Object Properties
 Geometry Modification – Basics
 Annotations
 Parametric Constraints

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Primary Draw Tools
 Line (L)
 Polyline (PL)
 Multiline (ML)
 Circle (C)
 Arc (A)
 Rectangle (REC)
 Polygon (POL)
 Ellipse (EL)
 Spline (SPL)
 Hatch (H)

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Object Properties
 Object Color (COL)
 Line Weight (LW)
 Line type (LT)
 Match Properties (MA)
 Transparency (TRANSP)

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Geometry Edit Tools
 Move (M)  Blend (BLE)
 Copy (CO)  Array (AR)
 Stretch (S)  Erase (E)
 Rotate (RO)  Explode (X)
 Mirror (MI)  Offset (OF)
 Scale (SC)
 Trim (TR)
 Extend (EX)
 Fillet (F)
 Chamfer (CHA)

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Annotations
 Text
 Single line text
 Multiline text
 Text properties
 Dimensions
 Generating dimensions
 Modifying dimensions
 Leader
 Add / Remove Leader
 Leader collect

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Parametric
 Drawings are said to be parametric if they satisfy design intent
 Drawings should get scaled or resized as the dimension gets defined
 They are basically constraints
 Two types of constraints:
 Dimensional constraints (Controls size and proportion of design)
 Geometric constraints (Controls relationships between objects)

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Dimensional constraints
 Dimension of an object is controlled using this feature
 It can be showcased by:
 Point to Point, to represent distance / length
 Line to Line, to represent distance (if parallel) or to represent angle (if non-parallel)
 Single entity, to represent radius / diameter
 Using parameter manager, we can build feature to feature relationship

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Geometric constraints
 Geometric constraints are the constraints between multiple geometries (usually two geometries)
 Various types of geometrical constraints are:
 Coincident  Tangency
 Collinear  Smooth
 Concentricity  Symmetry
 Fix  Equal
 Parallel
 Perpendicular
 Horizontal
 Vertical

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